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생명과학회지 = Journal of life science, v.28 no.7 = no.219, 2018년, pp.874 - 883
김보경 (신라대학교 식품영양학과) , 김미향 (신라대학교 식품영양학과)
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Osteoporosis is a disease that increases the risk of fracture by decreasing the mass and strength of bone. It is caused by imbalance of osteoclast bone formation and osteoclast bone resorption. Bone formation by osteoblast is activated via bone morphogenetic proteins and runt-related transcription f...
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| 핵심어 | 질문 | 논문에서 추출한 답변 |
|---|---|---|
| Estrogen이 골밀도 유지에 어떤 영향을 주는가? | Estrogen은 골밀도 유지에 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 호르몬으로 폐경에 의해 estrogen 수준이 감소할 때 고관절 및 척추의 골 밀도 감소로 골절의 위험이 증가하는 것으로 알려져 있다[10]. Estrogen은 남성과 여성 모두에 존재하며 생리적 기능을 가지는 호르몬으로 17β-estradiol (E2)과 같은 여성호르몬은 estrogen 수용체(estrogen receptor, ER)인 ERα과 ERβ가 결합하여 세포의 성장 및 분화를 촉진한다[36]. | |
| 골량의 생성과 흡수는 무엇을 통해 이루어지는가? | 골은 조골전구제포(osteoprogenitor cell), 조골세포(osteoblast) 골세포(osteocyte), 파골세포(osteoblasr) 등 다양한 종류의 세포들로 구성되어 있으며, 이러한 여려 세포의 작용에 의해 골량의 생성과 흡수가 이루어지고 있다[59]. 골 재형성 과정(bone remodeling cycle)은 골의 구조 유지에 필수적이며, 주기적으로 손상되거나 오래된 뼈는 흡수되고 그 자리에 새로운 뼈가 신생되는 과정으로 골 재흡수(bone response)와 골 형성(bone formation)을 반복하는 것에 의해 정상적인 골 조직이 유지된다[47]. | |
| osteoblast의 분화는 어떤 순서로 진행되는가? | 골 형성에 있어 조골세포의 분화는 여러 용해성 단백질에 의해 조절되며 초기 증식단계(4~10일)에서 골 형성 및 성숙단계(10~16일)를 거쳐 석회화(무기질화)의 최종 단계(16일~30일)로 순차적으로 진행된다[4, 70]. 초기 증식단계의 대표적인 바이오마커인 alkaline phosphatase (ALP)는 뼈 및 신장 등의 거의 모든 조직에서 발견되는 염기성 인산분해 효소로 골 성장이 활발하게 일어날 때 그 활성이 높아져 초기 분화지표로 주로 사용된다[23]. |
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