[논문]수직지하 흐름형 습지에서 거품발생이 질소제거에 미치는 영향

청징; 게라 하이디; 김영철

doi:10.17663/jwr.2019.21.4.334

수직지하 흐름형 습지에서 거품발생이 질소제거에 미치는 영향
Effect of Unexpected Foaming Incident on Nitrogen Removal in a Vertical Subsurface Wetland 원문보기

한국습지학회지 = Journal of wetlands research, v.21 no.4, 2019년, pp.334 - 343

청징 (안휘과학기술대학 환경공학과) , 게라 하이디 (한서대학교 환경공학과) , 김영철 (한서대학교 환경공학과)

초록
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합성섬유를 주 여재로 충진한 실험실 규모의 수직 지하흐름형 습지를 제작하여 인공축산단지 강우유출수 처리시험을 수행하였다. 3개의 습지에 대하여 수리학적 체류시간은 각각 2, 4, 8일 로 운전하였으며 매일 1회씩 내부순환을 실시하였다. 운전기간 동안에 매일 일반적인 수질인자에 대하여 모니터링을 실시하였으며 갑자기 HRT에 따라 순차적으로 거품이 발생되면서 처리수의 COD가 증가하는 현상이 관찰되었다. 따라서 연구의 방향을 거품의 발생원인을 분석하는데 초점을 맞추게 되었으며 거품의 출처 및 유기물질 농도의 증가는 습지에 충진한 폴리프로필렌 합성섬유가 분해되면서 방출된 것으로 분석되었다. 거품의 발생 및 유기물질의 농도증가는 질소제거의 효율증가와 밀접한 관련이 있었으며 2가지의 중요한 역할을 수행한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 먼저 거품은 습지내부에서 질산화에 필요한 산소를 억류하면서(hold-up) 질산화를 촉진시키며 거품에 내재된 유기물질은 탈질에 필요한 탄소원으로 작용한 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 거품발생시기와 질소제거효율이 증가한 시기가 일치한 것으로 보인다. 이후에 거품문제가 사라지면서 질소제거 수준은 서서히 감소하여 이전의 거품이 없던 시기로 회귀하였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

A lab-scale vertical flow subsurface (VFS) wetland composed of three parallel columns with polypropylene synthetic fiber as main substrate was operated. Piggery stormwater diluted from swine excreta was fed to the wetland on the basis of three different hydraulic regimes or hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2, 4, and 8 days with daily internal recirculation. Then, monitoring of common water quality parameters was carried out. Unexpectedly, an increase of effluent COD concentration accompanying the appearance of foams was observed during a distinct period in the wetland with HRT 2, 4, and 8 days, successively. Subsequently, a series of experiments was conducted to investigate the origin of the foams. Foams and the increase of COD concentration were found to be induced by the release of organic matter from the synthetic polypropylene fiber which was fed with piggery stormwater. Meanwhile, nitrogen removal was found to be enhanced during a period which overlapped the distinct foaming period signifying that foaming played two important functions in biological nitrogen removal. Foams which form rapidly and then burst easily could hold up and then release oxygen for nitrification. Foams which contain organic surfactants could serve as carbon sources for denitrification as well. Hence, nitrogen removal was enhanced during the foaming stage. After that, COD concentration decreased slowly to a level prior to the foaming stage, and nitrogen removal efficiency declined as well.

주제어

표/그림 (20)

그림 Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the vertical column wetland
표 Table 1. General properties of the synthetic fiber
그림 Fig. 2. Fiber Types: (a) fiber type from the manufacturer; (b) fiber donuts
표 Table 2. Characteristics of the water quality of the influent and effluent
그림 Fig. 3. Variation of the COD concentration with respect to operational days with different HRT: the black line represents the effluent COD concentration and the area filled with grey shadow is indicative of the release or reduction of organic matter
그림 Fig. 4 Removal of TN with respect to operational time
그림 Fig. 5 Reduction of NH₄⁺-N and TKN over operational time
그림 Fig. 6. Reduction of TKN during different phases with different HRT
그림 Fig. 7. Reduction of NH₄⁺-N at different phases with different HRT
그림 Fig. 8. Accumulation of nitrate during different phases with different HRT
그림 Fig. 9. Reduction of TN during different phases with different HRT
그림 Fig. 10. Nitrification rate during different phases with different HRT
그림 Fig. 11. Denitrification rate during different phases with different HRT
그림 Fig. 12. COD concentrations on the different parts of fiber
그림 Fig. 13. Comparison of the COD concentration of foams separated from the sample and the boiled piggery water
그림 Fig. 14. Effluent concentration of NO₃—N varying with effluent concentration of COD with different HRT
표 Table 3. Pearson correlation coefficients between denitrification/nitrification and TCOD/SCOD
표 Table 4. Pearson correlation coefficients between denitrification/nitrification rate and pH/temperature
그림 Fig. 15. Air hold-up with foaming water in the fiber column wetland
그림 Fig. 16. Comparison of oxygen transfer between foams and bubbles

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제안 방법

Originally, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the main substrate synthetic polypropylene fiber and the vertical subsurface flow wetland in treating piggery stormwater. Unexpectedly, accidental increases of COD concentration accompanying the appearance of foams and enhanced nitrogen removal were found to occur simultaneously, which led to a hypothesis that there should be a cause-and-affect relation between the release of organic matter and the facilitated nitrogen removal.
1 L of diluted piggery stormwater. Sampling was carried out every 2, 4, and 8 days, simulating different hydraulic regimes or hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2, 4, and 8 days with daily recirculation. The instant hydrologic loading rate was 240 m/day.
The polypropylene fiber was separated into four parts including blue, green, white, and transparent parts, and then was boiled in different types of water for 2 and 4 hours. The influent COD concentration of the piggery stormwater was about 95 mg/L, and the mass of the separated fiber in each flask was 3 g.

대상 데이터

A lab-scale VSF wetland composed of 3 parallel columns filled with polypropylene synthetic fiber was operated from February 8 to December 6 in 2012. The columns were made of black light-proof acryl with a height of 1 m and a diameter of 0.1 m (Fig. 1).

데이터처리

14, which depicts that higher effluent concentration of COD and the release of organic matter corresponded to a lower effluent concentration of nitrate. In addition, a statistical test (Pearson correlation analysis) was also carried out between the other parameters and nitrification/denitrification rates. Only temperature and pH were found to show positive relations to nitrification/denitrification rates (Table 4).
Table 2 shows the characteristics of the water quality of the influent and effluent of the wetland. In addition, the bivariate relationship between water parameters was examined using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) by SPSS (version 19.0). 10 months of data were used in the correlation analysis unless otherwise specified.

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