[논문]알칼라인 하이드라진 연료전지 운전 안정성을 위한 전극 구조

엄성현; 홍수직; 이재영

doi:10.14478/ace.2019.1091

[국내논문] 알칼라인 하이드라진 연료전지 운전 안정성을 위한 전극 구조
Effective Electrode Structure for the Stability of Alkaline Hydrazine Fuel Cells 원문보기

공업화학 = Applied chemistry for engineering, v.30 no.6, 2019년, pp.652 - 658

엄성현 (고등기술연구원 플랜트공정개발센터) , 홍수직 (광주과학기술원 지구환경공학부, Ertl탄소비움연구센터) , 이재영 (광주과학기술원 지구환경공학부, Ertl탄소비움연구센터)

초록
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하이드라진 직접 액체 연료전지는 이산화탄소를 배출하지 않으며, 높은 에너지 밀도를 가지고, 귀금속 촉매를 사용하지 않고도 높은 촉매 활성을 보이는 장점으로 유망한 연료전지로써 활발히 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 하지만, 고안전성 연료전지 운전 성능을 위해서는 전극촉매를 비롯한 핵심소재 개발 및 성능 연구를 토대로 연료의 물질전달 특성을 비롯한 하이드라진 연료전지 내에서 진행되고 있는 작동 프로세스를 충분히 이해할 필요성이 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근의 직접 하이드라진 연료전지 연구결과 중에 가격 경쟁력을 확보한 전극촉매 및 연료 확산, 물 관리, 기체 발생 측면에서 전극 구조 개발 동향을 소개하며 향후 개발 방향에 대해서 고찰하고자 한다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Direct hydrazine fuel cells (DHFCs) have been considered to be one of the promising fuel cells because hydrazine as a liquid fuel possesses several advantages such as no emission of CO2, relatively high energy density and catalytic activity over platinum group metal (PGM)-free anode catalysts. Judging from plenty of research works, however, regarding key components such as electrocatalysts as well as their physicochemical properties, it becomes quite necessary to understand better the underlying processes in DHFCs for the long term stability. Herein, we highlight recent studies of DHFCs in terms of a systematic approach for developing cost-effective and stable anode catalysts and electrode structures that incorporate mass transport characteristics of hydrazine, water and gas bubbles.

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표/그림 (8)

그림 Figure 1. Comparison of (a) alkaline hydrazine fuel cells and (b) proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells[10].
표 Table 1. Characteristics of Direct Hydrazine Fuel Cells in Comparison with Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
그림 Figure 2. (a) MEA performance of two different Ni-Zn catalysts[11]. Conditions: catalyst loading 2 mg/cm² (anode), 1 mg/cm² (cathode); T_cell = 80 ℃, HH flow rate = 2 mL/min (20 wt%), air flow rate = 500 cm³. (b) Influence of KOH concentration in fuel on fuel cell performance[10]: (●) without KOH, (○) 0.1 M KOH, and (▲) 1 M and (■) 3 M KOH. The cell temperature was 80 ℃. An aqueous solution of hydrazine and KOH (2 mL/min) was supplied to the anode, and humidified oxygen (55 ℃, RH 27%, 500 mL/min) was supplied to the cathode.
그림 Figure 3. (a) Bar graphs of the BET and BJH surface areas of the N-doped carbon nanofibers (NDCs), (b) I-V and I-P plots of the NDCs in DHFCs. The cell temperature is 60 ℃. The anodic fuel (5 mL/min) is 4.0 M KOH + 4.0 M hydrazine hydrate, and the cathodic fuel (500 sccm) is oxygen[17].
그림 Figure 4. (a) Proposed competing chemical (red) and electrochemical (blue) HH decomposition pathways. (b) Hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of the NiCo bimetallic catalyst in H₂-saturated (red) and Ar-saturated (blue) 1 M KOH electrolyte. HER and HOR on a Pt in H₂-saturated KOH is shown for comparison (black)[12].
그림 Figure 5. Schematic illustration of (a) DHFCs and (b) MSR-DHFCs. Durability of DHFC and MSR-DHFC using AEM at 60 ℃.
그림 Figure 6. (a) Schematic illustration of flat and nanostructured Cu films for hydrazine oxidation, the nanostructured Cu film can offer a discontinuous TPCL, result in small releasing size of the N₂ product. (b) DHFC performances containing the anodes of nanostructured Cu film, commercial Pt/C film and Cu foam, respectively[18].
그림 Figure 7. Schematic comparison of water consumption, generation, migration, and diffusion in (a) AEMFCs and (b) PEMFCs. (c) Schematic showing the hypothesized distribution of water across the AEM and electrodes in an AEMFC, containing a high conductivity AEM with high water back diffusion, with increasing gas stream relative humidity[32].

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문제 정의

This paper reviews the recent developments of the catalysts and effective electrode structure affecting the performance and stability of alkaline hydrazine fuel cells. Cathode catalysts and their physico-chemical property, however, are ruled out to better focus on the characteristics of DHFCs rather than entire AEMFCs.

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