[논문]Where to spot: individual identification of leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) in South Korea

Park, Heebok; Lim, Anya; Choi, Tae-Young; Baek, Seung-Yoon; Song, Eui-Geun; Park, Yung Chul

doi:10.1186/s41610-019-0138-z

Where to spot: individual identification of leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) in South Korea 원문보기

Journal of ecology and environment, v.43 no.4, 2019년, pp.385 - 389

Park, Heebok (Wildlife Research Lab, Kangwon National University) , Lim, Anya (Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) , Choi, Tae-Young (Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) , Baek, Seung-Yoon (Department of Biology, Jeju National University) , Song, Eui-Geun (Division of Ecosystem Assessment, National Institute of Ecology) , Park, Yung Chul (Wildlife Research Lab, Kangwon National University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Knowledge of abundance, or population size, is fundamental in wildlife conservation and management. Camera-trapping, in combination with capture-recapture methods, has been extensively applied to estimate abundance and density of individually identifiable animals due to the advantages of being non-invasive, effective to survey wide-ranging, elusive, or nocturnal species, operating in inhospitable environment, and taking low labor. We assessed the possibility of using coat patterns from images to identify an individual leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), a Class II endangered species in South Korea. We analyzed leopard cat images taken from Digital Single-Lense Relfex camera (high resolution, 18Mpxl) and camera traps (low resolution, 3.1Mpxl) using HotSpotter, an image matching algorithm. HotSpotter accurately top-ranked an image of the same individual leopard cat with the reference leopard cat image 100% by matching facial and ventral parts. This confirms that facial and ventral fur patterns of the Amur leopard cat are good matching points to be used reliably to identify an individual. We anticipate that the study results will be useful to researchers interested in studying behavior or population parameter estimates of Amur leopard cats based on capture-recapture models.

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문제 정의

2017), and capture-recapture method has not been applied yet to estimate the population. Therefore, we aimed to test whether the Amur leopard cat has natural body markings to develop a reliable noninvasive identification system for use in studies of behavior and population parameter estimates.

제안 방법

However, further testing with increased sample size is beneficial to improve the reliability of the study. Also, research on permanency of facial and ventral fur patterns is necessary to examine the feasibility of using the fur patterns as a lasting natural marking for individual identification because our study proceeded for 6 months. We anticipate that the study result will be useful to researchers interested in studying behavior or population parameter estimates of Amur leopard cats based on capture-recapture models.
HP designed the study, carried out the field study, and wrote the manuscript. AL analyzed the data and reviewed/edited the manuscript.
In order to identify reliable natural markings, we analyzed Amur leopard cat images from two different sources—facial images of seven captive individuals in two wildlife rescue centers, Gyungnam Wildlife Rescue Center and Korean Avian Conservation Society in Cheolwon, in South Korea, taken with high-resolution (18 Mpxl) Digital Single-Lense Relfex cameras (EOS 7D, Canon Inc, DSC-HX400V, Sony Inc.), and images of 11 wild individuals taken with low-resolution (3.1 Mpxl) camera traps (Reconyx HC550).
Also, research on permanency of facial and ventral fur patterns is necessary to examine the feasibility of using the fur patterns as a lasting natural marking for individual identification because our study proceeded for 6 months. We anticipate that the study result will be useful to researchers interested in studying behavior or population parameter estimates of Amur leopard cats based on capture-recapture models.
We selected a total of 11 high-resolution images of 7 captive leopard cats (4 females and 3 males) and 15 low-resolution images of 11 wild leopard cats (sex undetermined) that contained less noise and clutter among the 63 low-resolution images that we obtained. We then further divided those images into three different groups based on featured body parts and image resolution: high-resolution facial images (11 images of 7 leopard cats), low-resolution facial images (8 images of 7 individuals), and low-resolution ventral images (7 images of 4 individuals). One low-resolution image was used for matching both facial and ventral parts.

대상 데이터

Moreover, we used a bait, Valerian scent stick, to maximize the chance to attract more leopard cats, extend staying time in front of a camera trap, and acquire a clear image of face and venter of leopard cats. These efforts produced 63 camera trap images of which only 15 images were suitable for matching. Even though the numbers of suitable images were low, our study suggests that using ventral and facial fur patterns is a promising approach for individual identification of Amur leopard cats.

후속연구

Even though the numbers of suitable images were low, our study suggests that using ventral and facial fur patterns is a promising approach for individual identification of Amur leopard cats. However, further testing with increased sample size is beneficial to improve the reliability of the study. Also, research on permanency of facial and ventral fur patterns is necessary to examine the feasibility of using the fur patterns as a lasting natural marking for individual identification because our study proceeded for 6 months.

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