[논문]Influence of Perceptions of Death, End-of-Life Care Stress, and Emotional Intelligence on Attitudes towards End-of-Life Care among Nurses in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Park, Ju-Young; Oh, Jina

doi:10.4094/chnr.2019.25.1.38

Influence of Perceptions of Death, End-of-Life Care Stress, and Emotional Intelligence on Attitudes towards End-of-Life Care among Nurses in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit 원문보기

CHNR : Child health nursing research, v.25 no.1, 2019년, pp.38 - 47

Park, Ju-Young (Dongwon Institute of Science and Technology) , Oh, Jina (Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Inje University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of perceptions of death, end-of-life (EOL) care stress, and emotional intelligence on attitudes toward EOL care among nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: The participants were 111 nurses working in a NICU who had experienced EOL care at least once. Data were analyzed using the t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis in SPSS for Windows. Results: The mean score for perceptions of death was 3.16 out of 5, the mean score for EOL care stress was 3.61 out of 5, the mean emotional intelligence score was 4.66 out of 7, and the average score for EOL care attitudes was 2.77 out of 4. The factors affecting attitudes towards EOL care were academic degree, anxiety regarding death, negativity towards death, experiences of patient death, and emotional intelligence. The explanatory power of these variables for attitudes towards EOL care was 24.7%. Conclusion: The results of this study are expected to serve as a basic reference for the development of nursing education programs and EOL care protocols to improve attitudes toward EOL care among NICU nurses.

주제어

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문제 정의

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of NICU nurses' perceptions of death, EOL care stress, and emotional intelligence on attitudes towards EOL care, with the ultimate goal of improving the attitudes of NICU nurses towards EOL care and the quality of EOL care.
Therefore, this study aimed to provide basic data to support the development of nursing education programs and EOL care protocols, with the goal of improving attitudes towards EOL care, by identifying the effects of perceptions of death, EOL care stress, and emotional intelligence on attitudes toward EOL care among NICU nurses.
This study examined the effects of NICU nurses' perceptions of death, EOL care stress, and emotional intelligence on attitudes towards EOL care, in order to provide basic data to support the development of initiatives for improving NICU nurses' attitudes towards EOL care.

제안 방법

The general characteristics of the subjects were analyzed as frequency and percentage or as mean and standard deviation, and the subjects' scores for perceptions of death, EOL care stress, emotional intelligence, and attitudes towards EOL care were analyzed as mean and standard deviation.
This study was conducted after receiving approval from the Bioethics Committee of I University (IRB number: 2017- 09-021-001), and the data collection period was from November 1, 2017 to February 10, 2018. The researcher either visited or sent an e-mail to explain the intent, purpose, and the data collection method, and after receiving approval from the nursing department, visited the NICU to provide specific explanations of the details and purpose of the study to the participating nurses. The explanatory text included statements indicating that participation in the study was voluntary and withdrawal was possible at any time, that the questionnaire would only be used for research purposes, and that anonymity was guaranteed.
This descriptive study was conducted to investigate the effects of NICU nurses' perceptions of death, EOL care stress, and emotional intelligence on attitudes toward EOL care.

대상 데이터

05, a power of 80%, and eight predictive variables (perceptions of death, stress of EOL care, and emotional intelligence, as well as highest level of education, length of clinical career, occupational position, marital status, and prior education in EOL care, which were found to be explanatory variables in previous studies). Data were collected from 120 subjects, considering about 10% dropout rate, and data from 111 questionnaires were utilized, with the exclusion of nine questionnaires with incomplete and/or insincere replies.
This study was conducted after receiving approval from the Bioethics Committee of I University (IRB number: 2017- 09-021-001), and the data collection period was from November 1, 2017 to February 10, 2018. The researcher either visited or sent an e-mail to explain the intent, purpose, and the data collection method, and after receiving approval from the nursing department, visited the NICU to provide specific explanations of the details and purpose of the study to the participating nurses.
This study was conducted among nurses from three university hospitals in U metropolitan city, Y city, and K city, and two general hospitals in B metropolitan city, with at least one month of working experience in the NICU and at least one ex-perience of EOL care. The sample size needed for the study was calculated using G*Power version 3.

데이터처리

A multiple regression analysis was conducted with the subjects' attitude towards EOL care as the dependent variable, and academic degree (as a general characteristics of subjects that had a significant effect on attitudes towards EOL care), negativity towards death and anxiety regarding death (as subdomains of perceptions of death that had a significant correlation with the number of times that subjects had experienced patients' deaths and attitudes towards EOL care), and emotional intelligence as independent variables (Table 4).
Differences in each variable according to subjects' general characteristics were verified using the t-test or one-way analysis of variance, and post-verified by the Scheffétest.
Differences in each variable according to subjects' general characteristics were verified using the t-test or one-way analysis of variance, and post-verified by the Scheffétest. In addition, the relationships between variables were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the factors affecting attitudes towards EOL care were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression.

이론/모형

The tool developed by Cho and Kim [22] by translating theFrommelt Attitudes toward Nursing Care of the Dying Scale (FATCOD) [23] was used. Cho and Kim [22] developed a Korean version of the tool to be used for research into the attitudes of nursing students, and since then, many researchers have administered it to nurses [13,24], thereby ensuring its validity.
The tool developed by Jung and Kim [20] by translating the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) [16] was used after receiving approval from the authors. Jung and Kim [20] applied this tool in a study of 481 workers, and since then, many researchers have administered it to nurses [21], thereby ensuring its validity.

성능/효과

Nominal variables, including academic degree (at least a master's degree) and the number of times a subject had experienced the death of a patient (at least 11 times) were analyzed using dummy variables. As a result of examining the multiple regression function hypothesis, the Durbin-Watson statistic was 2.06 and there was no autocorrelation, the tolerance limit for finding the variance inflation factor (VIF) was .93~1.00 and was higher than .10 in all cases, the VIF was lower than 10 (1.00~1.10), and there was no multicollinearity. The results of the analysis showed that the factors affecting attitudes towards EOL care were academic degree (β=.
Based on these results, EOL care education programs and protocols are necessary to improve NICU nurses' attitudes towards EOL care, content aiming to improve emotional intelligence should be added to educational programs, and education should focus on reducing negative perceptions and fostering positive perceptions of death.
NICU nurses cannot avoid emergencies or patients' deaths, and they indicated that they experienced high levels of EOL care stress due to the frequent situations involving death [15]. In this study, among the subdomains for stress of EOL care, the score for difficulties involved in related to EOL care was 3.67 points, compared to 3.65 points for difficulties in the physical and structural environment, 3.63 points for lack of knowledge, and 3.49 points for emotional stress. This result is similar to that reported by Jang [15], in that the highest scores were reported for difficulties involved in related to EOL care.
Positive correlations were found between positivity towards death and interest in death (r=.29, p=.002), positivity towards death and EOL care stress (r=.33, p<.001), anxiety regarding death and interest in death (r=.41, p<.001), respect for the will to live and emotional intelligence (r=.26, p=.007), and emotional intelligence and attitudes towards EOL care (r=.21, p=.028).
The analysis of correlations among the subjects' perceptions of death, EOL care stress, emotional intelligence, and attitudes towards EOL care showed that attitudes towards EOL care had a significant negative correlation with negativity towards death and anxiety regarding death, and a significant positive correlation with emotional intelligence.
61 out of 5 points. The highest score was for difficulties involved in related to EOL care, followed in order by difficulties in the physical and structural environment, lack of knowledge, and emotional stress. The average score for emotional intelligence was 4.
The results of the analysis showed that the factors affecting attitudes towards EOL care were academic degree (β=.23, p=.010), number of experiences of a patient's death (β=.18, p=.038), negativity towards death (β=-.17, p=.047), anxiety regarding death (β=-.21, p=.015), and emotional intelligence (β=.18, p=.042).
The results of this study are difficult to generalize, as NICU nurses were only sampled from certain areas. In addition, the explanatory power of the factors affecting attitudes towards EOL care was relatively low (21.

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