[논문]레지스토그래피를 이용한 수령조사 가능성 검토

Oh, Jung-ae; Seo, Jeong-Wook; Kim, Byung-Ro

doi:10.5658/wood.2019.47.1.90

레지스토그래피를 이용한 수령조사 가능성 검토
Verifying the Possibility of Investigating Tree Ages Using Resistograph 원문보기

목재공학 = Journal of the Korean wood science and technology, v.47 no.1, 2019년, pp.90 - 100

Oh, Jung-ae (Wood Products Analysis & Certification Division, Korea Forestry Promotion Institute) , Seo, Jeong-Wook (Department of Wood and Paper Science, Chungbuk National University) , Kim, Byung-Ro (Department of Wood and Paper Science, Chungbuk National University)

초록
AI-Helper

본 연구는 수목의 수령을 조사하는 방법으로 레지스토그래피를 활용하는데 있어서 수종별로 가장 적합한 삽입속도를 찾기 위하여 수행되었다. 회전속도는 1,500 r/min로 고정하였다. 수종은 낙엽송, 더글라스 퍼, 잣나무, 전나무, 느티나무이다. 실험결과 수종에 따른 적합한 삽입속도는 느티나무 75 cm/min, 낙엽송과 더글라스 퍼 100 cm/min, 전나무 150 cm/min, 잣나무 175 cm/min으로 나타났다. 하지만 모든 경우에서 연륜폭이 1 mm이하일 경우 연륜경계 확인이 어려운 것으로 확인되었다. 연륜폭이 1 mm이하인 경우를 제외하고는 연륜폭측정기와 레지스토그래피의 연륜폭그래프는 매우 일치하였다. 향후 연륜폭이 1mm 이하인 미세연륜 확인이 가능한 레지스토그래피가 개발된다면 레지스토그래피가 수령조사를 위해 전통적으로 활용되는 생장편의 연륜관찰방법을 대체할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 레지스토그래피의 연륜폭그래프는 생장량 조사에도 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This study aims to determine the ideal feed speed of a resistograph to evaluate the number of tree rings in several tree species. The needle speed was fixed at 1,500 r/min. Herein, various tree species, such as Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus koraiensis, Abies holophylla, and Zelkova serrata, were considered for experiments. Results showed that the most proper feed speed for Zelkova serrata, Larix kaempferi, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies holophylla, and Pinus koraiensis was 75, 100, 100, 150, and 175 cm/min, respectively. However, in all the cases, the electric resistance values of tree ring narrower than 1 mm were not suitable for determining tree-ring boundaries. Upon comparing the inter-annual time series of ring widths and electric resistance values of resistograph, a meaningful synchronization was verified. If resistograph would be improved to the extent that it can measure tree rings narrower than 1 mm, it can replace the conventional method used for counting the number of tree rings in the increment cores. Additionally, it can also be used to investigate the tree growth.

주제어

표/그림 (14)

그림 Fig. 1. Resistograph, where A is adapter sleeve, B is control unit, C is handle bar, and D is battery.
그림 Fig. 2. Ring-width measurement method for Pinus densiflora using PD-tool pro, where w is the tree-ring width.
표 Table 1. Preliminary test to compare the number of tree rings determined by the resistograph with the number of tree rings determined by the traditional tree-ring measurement technique in dendrochronology for five different tree species
그림 Fig. 3. Comparing the curves with needle speeds of (A) 1500 and (B) 2000 r/min.
그림 Fig. 4. Resistograph profile of softwood and hardwood, where A is Abies holophylla and B is Zelkova serrata.
표 Table 2. Results of tree-ring analysis according to the feed speed of resistograph
표 Table 3. Measurement results of tree-ring widths between the two methods
그림 Fig. 6. Annual variations in the tree-ring widths measured by LINTAB system (dotted line) and resistograph (solid line) and the annual variations of latewood rate for Zelkova serrata.
그림 Fig. 5. Annual variations in the tree-ring widths measured by LINTAB system (dotted line) and resistograph (solid line) and the annual variations of latewood rate for Abies holophylla.
표 Table 4. Differences of the number of tree rings between the two methods
그림 Fig. 7. Annual variations in tree-ring widths measured by LINTAB system (dotted line) and resistograph (solid line) and the annual variations of latewood rate for Larix kaempferi.
표 Table 5. t-value matrix between LINTAB and resistograph
표 Table 6. Glk matrix between LINTAB and resistograph
그림 Fig. 8. Cross-dating results after the removal of narrow rings (Zelkova serrata).

AI 본문요약
AI-Helper

* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.

제안 방법

Disks of 5 tree species, namely Larix kaempferi, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus koraiensis, Abies holophylla, and Zelkova serrata, with a distinct boundary of tree rings were prepared to determine the number of tree rings using resistograph (Table 1).
However, there are hardly any studies conducted outside Korea that used resistograph to investigate tree ages. Therefore, this study aims to measure the age of trees using a distinct boundary of tree rings with resistograph and reviewed the possibility of resistograph for estimating tree ages.
This study was conducted to find the most proper resistograph needle and feed speeds to investigate the number of tree rings in different tree species.

대상 데이터

This study was conducted to find the most proper resistograph needle and feed speeds to investigate the number of tree rings in different tree species. Larix kaempferi, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus koraiensis, Abies holophylla, and Zelkova serrata with distinctive tree-ring boundaries were used for the test. It was found that the most proper needle speed was 1,500 r/min, wherein the tree-ring boundaries appeared clearly.

데이터처리

2). The accuracy of the equipment was verified by comparing the digitalized tree-ring widths with the tree-ring width graphs measured by LINTAB.

이론/모형

However, in all species, the widths of tree ring narrower than 1 mm were not suitable for determining tree-ring boundaries. If resistograph could be improved to measure tree ring narrower than 1 mm, it could displace the conventional tree-ring observation method for counting the number of tree rings in increment cores with resistograph. Additionally, tree-ring width graphs can be used to investigate the tree growth.

성능/효과

As a result of measuring tree ages using the age measurer, larch (Larix kaempferi) had 36 tree rings and 27.92% of average latewood width, douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) had 29 tree rings and 31.71% of the average latewood width, Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) had 36 tree rings and 12.94% of the average latewood width, fir (Abies holophylla) had 32 tree rings and 14.53% of the average latewood width, and zelkova (Zelkova serrata), broadleaf trees, had 63 tree rings and 76.15% of the average latewood width (Table 2).
8 because it was impossible to measure the accurate width of tree rings due to the tree rings being narrower than 1 mm. The Glk values for verifying the conformity of code were 91% for larch, 82% for douglas fir, 83% for Korean pine, and 92% for fir, which were statistically significant (Table 6). In the case of zelkova, the high conformity was shown except for the tree rings from 1 to 20, which are narrow rings with inconsistent cross-dating, in macroscopy (Fig.
It was found that the most proper needle speed was 1,500 r/min, wherein the tree-ring boundaries appeared clearly. The most proper feed speed for Zelkova serrata, Larix kaempferi, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies holophylla, and Pinus koraiensis was 75, 100, 100, 150, and 175 cm/min, respectively. The LINTAB and resistograph graphs agreed as well.
Table 3 lists the measurement results of tree-ring widths of 5 disks using LINTAB and resistograph. Upon comparing the mean tree-ring widths measured using both the methods, larch, douglas fir, and Korean pine showed the differences of 0.03, 0.08, and 0.01 mm, respectively. Fir and zelkova showed the same values.

참고문헌 (26)

Bilgin, G., Adnan, G., Gokhan, K. 2012. Is Resistograph an Appropriate Tool for the Annual Ring Measurement of Pinus brutia?. NDE for safety / Defektoskopie 2012.
Ceralid, C., Mormone, V., Ermolli, E.R. 2001. Resistographic Inspection of Ancient Structures for the Evaluation of Mechanical Characteristics. Materials and structures 34(235): 59-63.

상세보기
Denise, J., Gregory, M., Michael, T., Marc, N. 2010. The Measurement of Wood Decay in Landscape Trees. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36(3): 121-127.

상세보기
Dujesiefken, D., Liese, W. 2006. Die wundrektionen von baumen- CODIT Heute. In: D. Dujesiefken, P. Kockerbeck (eds), Jahrbuch der Baumpflege 2006: 21-40. Thalacker Medien, Braunschweig.
Eckstein, D., Sass, U. 1994. Bohrwiderstandsmessungen an Laubbaumen und ihre holzanatomische Interpretation. Holz als Rohund Werkstoff 52: 279-286.

상세보기
Fikret, I., Bailian, L. 2003. Rapid Assessment of Wood Density of Live Trees Using the Resistograph for Selection in Tree Improvement Programs. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33: 2426-2435.

상세보기
Frank, R. 1994. Resistographic Visualization of Treering Density Variations. International Conference on Tree Rings, Environment, and Humanity.
Frank, R. 2012. Basics of Micro-resistance Drilling for Timber Inspection. Holztechnologie 53(3): 24-29.
Frank, R. 2013. Detecting Fungal Decay in Palm Stems by Resistance Drilling. Florida arborist spring 2013.
Frankenstein, C., Eckstein, D., Schmitt, U. 2005. The Onset of Cambium Activity - A Matter of Agreement?. Dendrochronologia 23(1): 57-62.

상세보기
Gruber, F. 2000. Vergleichende Messergebnisse zur Identifizierung von Schadstellen im Fichtenholz (Picea abies L. Karst.) mit den Bohrmessgeaten Teredo, Resistograph 1410 und Impulshammer-Schallmesssystem. Allgemeine Forest und Jagdzeitung 172.
Grunwald, C., Stabile, J., Waldman, J., Gross, R., Wirgin, I. 2002. Population Genetics of Shortnose Sturgeon Acipenser Brevirostrum Based on Mitochondrial DNA Control Region Sequences. Molecular Ecology 11(10): 1885-1898.

상세보기
Hwang, W.J., Kanetaka, S., Sasaki, T. 2008. Possibility of Deterioration Diagnosis for Wooden Structures using Resistograph. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology Conference Proceedings. pp. 71-72.
IML Australia (C). 2013. IML Resistograph Testing Standard, Procedures & Audit. IML wood testing systems.
Jeong, H.M., Kim, Y.J., Seo, J.W. 2017. Relationships between vessel-lumen-area time series of Quercus spp. at Mt. Songni and corresponding climatic factors. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 45(1): 72-84.

원문보기 상세보기
Jung, S.Y., Seo, M.S., Hong, J.Y., Kim, S.J., Jung A,M., Kim, J.S. 2014. Study on the Discoloration Identified from the Column of Wooden house, Hyunchungsa (Shrine) - Focused on Influence of Microorganisms and Correlation with Strength. Journal of National Cultural Properties Research Institute 47(4): 58-73.
Lee, K.J. 2014. An introduction to forest science. Hyangmunsa Press, Seoul, Korea.
Lukaszkiewicz, J., Kosmala, M., Chrapka, M., Borowski, J. 2005. Determining the Age of Streetside Tilia cordata trees with a DBH-BASED Model. Journal of Arboriculture 31(6): 280-284.

상세보기
Michael, S., Erin, M., Joseph M., Richard, G. 2003, Use and Calibration of the Resistograph for Analysis of Oak (Quercus sp.) Decay and Callus Formation Associated with Fire Scars. University of Missouri, Department of Forestry.
Oh, J.A., Seo, J.W., Kim, B.R. 2017. Establishing Local Master Ring-Width Chronologies and Their Utilization for Estimating The Age of Big Old Trees. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 45(1): 85-95.

원문보기 상세보기
Saez, J.L., Corona, C., Berger, F. 2008. Use of Resistograph for Dendrogeomorphological Analysis of Avalanche Impacts (massif de l'Oisans, France). Geophysical Research Abstracts. Vol.10.
Seo, J.W., Choi, E.B., Ju, J.D., Shin, C.S. 2017a. The association of intra-annual cambial activities of Pinus koraiensis and Chamaecyparis pisifera in Mt. Worak with climatic factors. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 45(1): 43-52.

원문보기 상세보기
Seo, J.W., Jeong, H.M., Sano, M., Choi, E.B., Park, J.H., Lee, K.H., Kim, Y.J., Park, H.C. 2017b. Establishing tree ring ${\delta}$ 18O chronologies for principle tree species (T. cuspidata, P. koraiensis, A. koreana, Q. mongolica) at subalpine zone in Mt. Jiri National Park and their correlations with the corresponding climate. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 45(5): 661-670.
Shigo, A.L., Marx, H.G. 1977. Compartmentalization of decay in trees. USDA Forest Service Agriculture imformation Bulletin 405.
Son, Y.M. 2007. Age measurement of trees. National Institute of Forest Science.
Ukrainetz, N.K., O'Neill, G.A. 2010. An Analysis of Sensitivities Contributing Measurement Error to Resistograph Values. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40: 806-811.

상세보기

저자의 다른 논문 :

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증