[논문]휠체어컬링 국가대표선수의 경기력 향상을 위한 심리기술훈련 프로그램의 개발 및 적용 -EEG 뇌파활용 연구

김성운; 최석립; 김한철

doi:10.15207/jkcs.2019.10.3.275

휠체어컬링 국가대표선수의 경기력 향상을 위한 심리기술훈련 프로그램의 개발 및 적용 -EEG 뇌파활용 연구
Development and Practical Application of a Psychological Skill Training Program for National Wheelchair Curling Players -Frontal EEG Asymmetry 원문보기

한국융합학회논문지 = Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, v.10 no.3, 2019년, pp.275 - 290

김성운 (경북대학교 체육교육학과) , 최석립 (대구보건대학교 스포츠재활과) , 김한철 (영남대학교 특수체육교육학과)

초록
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본 연구의 목적은 휠체어컬링 국가대표선수와 팀의 요구에 기초하여 현장 활용도와 시합 및 훈련 기여도가 높은 스포츠심리기술훈련 프로그램을 개발하고 그 적용 가능성을 평가해 보는데 있다. 본 연구의 대상자는 현재 휠체어컬링 국가대표선수 4명을 대상으로 하였다. 상담은 내담자와 편안한 분위기에서 일주일에 1회씩 매 60-90분 총 12회를 실시하였다. 측정도구는 스포츠심리기술 질문지, 운동선수 자기관리행동 질문지, 한국판수행전략검사지, 기분상태프로파일질문지, 경쟁상태불안 검사지, 경기 참여 휠체어컬링 수행결과 변화, 심리기술훈련 평가질문지, EEG 대뇌반구 비대칭 차이지표 분석 등을 측정하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 심리기술훈련은 사전단계에서 연구대상자의 문제점으로 지적되었던 3개의 하위 요인인 각성조절, 걱정, 주의집중을 긍정적으로 변화시킨 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 심리기술훈련은 휠체어컬링 대표선수들의 수행변화에도 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 개방형질문지 분석결과 연구대상자는 심리기술훈련 프로그램에 대한 필요성을 인식하고 경기력에도 도움이 된다고 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 스포츠심리기술훈련 처치 전에는 EEG대뇌반구비대칭 차이지표가 부정적 정서 상태를 보였지만 처치 후 긍정적 정서 상태를 보였다. 이것은 뇌 과학적 접근인 EEG 뇌파분석을 통해 심리기술훈련이 휠체어컬링 대표선수들의 심리적 상태에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 과학적이고 객관적으로 검증하였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The present study aimed to develop a sports psychological skill training program and to test its applicability to improve the performance of national wheelchair curling players. A total of 4 participants completed the study. Subjects have been to 12 sessions of 6 different psychological skills training programs (routine training, attentional focus training, writing practice training in diary, relation training, self-control training, and positive self-talk training). The effectiveness of psychological skills training has been evaluated with 6 questionnaires and EEG measurement. The result was that psychological skills training had improved coping with adversity, peaking under pressure, and concentration, self-management and reduced anxiety of Korean national wheelchair curling player. The result was that the EEG inter-hemispheric asymmetry index showed negative emotional states before psychological skill training but positive emotional states after. The result implies that psychological skill training plays an important mediating role in bringing about positive effects in the psychological elements and competitiveness in national wheelchair curling players.

주제어

표/그림 (10)

표 Table 1. Participant characteristics
표 Table 2. Progams of psychological skills training
표 Table 2. Mean scores of sports psychological skill sub-factors before and after sports psychological skill training
표 Table 3. Mean scores of self-management sub- factors before and after sports psychological skill training
표 [Table 4].Table 4. Mean scores of the Korean version of TOPS sub-factors before and after sports psychological skill training
표 [Table 5].Table 5. Mean scores of POMS sub-factors before and after sports psychological skill training
표 Table 6. Mean scores of EEG inter-hemispheric asymmetry index (log R-log L) before and after sports psychological skill training
표 Table 7. Mean scores of CSAI-2 sub-factors before and after sports psychological skill training
표 Table 8. Changes in the scores assessing the perception of sports psychological skill training before and after the training program
표 Table 9. Wheelchair curling games and outcome changes before and after sports psychological skill training

AI 본문요약
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제안 방법

To do so, in the beginning of the study, the baseline was measured, interviews with leaders and players were conducted, conferences were held with experts, and previous studies were reviewed. A psychological skill training program was developed that consisted of the components determined as most needed by players, C, S, J, and W, i.e., keeping records in the training journal, relaxation training, training to identify optimal awareness level, self-management, positive self-talk, and training to focus attention. The program was administered for a total of 12 sessions.
During the training phase, field guides of the psychological skill training program were provided for 4–12 sessions and counseling for 60–90 minutes. After the application of the training program and the completion of psychological counseling, follow-up assessments (1 and 4 weeks after the completion of the training program) were made to analyze and evaluate the long-term effect of the psychological skill training program. The follow-ups were conducted to investigate the effect of psychological skill training that study participants continued to apply by themselves without a direct training guide on psychological skill.
An additional goal was to provide basic data on brain physiology to help improve players' competitiveness by analyzing the effect of psychological skill training on the psychological states of national wheelchair curling players using EEG analysis (a brain science approach recently used in sports psychology research with players without disabilities to examine objectively and scientifically whether they are in a state to maximize performance in a game).
An additional purpose was to investigate the effect of psychological skill training on the psychological state of national wheelchair curling players using EEG analysis and provide basic brain physiological data to help increase competitiveness.
Baseline measurements, interviews with leaders and players conducted at an early training stage, conferences with experts, and previous research findings were analyzed. Based on the analysis, the following training items were determined to be most needed by players C, S, J, and W: keeping a training journal, relaxation, identifying optimal awareness level, self-management, and positive self-talk and focused attention.
Baseline measurements, interviews with leaders and players conducted at an early training stage, conferences with experts, and previous research findings were analyzed. Based on the analysis, the following training items were determined to be most needed by players C, S, J, and W: keeping a training journal, relaxation, identifying optimal awareness level, self-management, and positive self-talk and focused attention.
During the training phase, field guides of the psychological skill training program were provided for 4–12 sessions and counseling for 60–90 minutes.
First, sports psychological skill training positively influenced players' sports psychological skills such as confidence, focus, goal-setting, imagery, willpower, and anxiety control.
The reference electrode was attached to the earlobe, and the ground electrode was placed between frontal lobe and forehead. Following the first EEG measurement, participants participated in the psychological training program. Overall, EEG was measured a total of 4 times, i.
Players C, S, J, and W were instructed to apply the psychological skill training they learned in each session in the next wheelchair curling training and everyday life and to write down the details in a training journal so that they would continue using psychological skills even outside of the psychological skill training sessions. Players were also instructed to keep records of hand-outs from the researcher during the psychological skill training sessions and of the applications of psychological skill training in wheelchair curling training and everyday life, which were utilized in the next training session to review what they had learned. Lastly, they were told to make records of questions they had during training and to ask the researcher later.
Pre-program tests consisted of interviews with leaders and players, testing using psychological questionnaires, and EEG measurement.
5 hours including interviews and the training. Psychological skill training was provided around the wheelchair curling training schedule, once weekly for a total of 12 weeks. Players C, S, J, and W were instructed to apply the psychological skill training they learned in each session in the next wheelchair curling training and everyday life and to write down the details in a training journal so that they would continue using psychological skills even outside of the psychological skill training sessions.
The counselor met with each client a total of 12 times once a week for 60–90 minutes.
The data obtained from this study were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative research techniques in combination. The data obtained from qualitative research techniques were submitted to triangulation and inductive content analysis performed by a sport psychologist and a wheelchair curling expert to preserve the researchers' subjectivity and the objectivity of qualitative data.
The goals of the present study were to develop, based on the needs of national wheelchair curling players and the team, a sports psychological skill training program with high levels of practical applicability and contribution to wheelchair curling training and competitive games and to evaluate the program's field applicability.
In-depth interviews were first conducted to derive the factors related to psychological skills national wheelchair curling players thought influenced their everyday or game performance. Then, a psychological skill training program was developed based on the results of in-depth interviews and administered for 12 weeks around wheelchair curling training and game schedules in consultation with the team leadership. The effect of psychological skill training was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively through questionnaires, journals, and counseling conducted before and after the application of the training program.
The data obtained from qualitative research techniques were submitted to triangulation and inductive content analysis performed by a sport psychologist and a wheelchair curling expert to preserve the researchers' subjectivity and the objectivity of qualitative data. To test the effect on the application of psychological skill training, the data obtained from quantitative research techniques were analyzed by computing the mean factor scores of the sport psychological skill questionnaires in the baseline and conducting repeated measure analysis of variance on pre- and post-program and follow-up test results to examine the change following psychological skill training. Internal validity increased by examining emotional changes in participants in a brain psychophysical approach by analyzing EEG inter-hemispheric asymmetry index.

대상 데이터

Initially, a total of 7 subjects out of all national wheelchair curling players participated in the study, but, during the course of the study, 3 participants withdrew because of sudden replacements of Korea Wheelchair Curling Association national players or personal reasons. Thus, a total of 4 participants completed the study. Study participants' characteristics are shown in Table 1.

이론/모형

The EEG inter-hemispheric asymmetry index was analyzed to examine the emotional states of national wheelchair curling players in a brain science approach.
To assess overall psychological skills and strategies that players use in a game situation, the Korean version of the TOPS[37] was used.

성능/효과

Fourth, before sports psychological skill training, the POMS results showed a reverse radial shape, indicating quite poor mental health. However, the results after the training showed a return to normality.
Overall, EEG was measured a total of 4 times, i.e., a day before beginning counseling, after the 12th session of the psychological training program, and 1 and 4 weeks after the completion of the training program.
Second, sport psychological skill training had positive effects on sub-factors of self-management, such as willpower management, life management, training management, and body management. Thus, after the training program, overall self-management abilities seemed to improve.
Sixth, the EEG inter-hemispheric asymmetry index showed negative emotional states before psychological skill training but positive emotional states after. This finding is similar to the results obtained by Kim and Kim[38], who tested the effect of psychological skill training in shooters by analyzing frontal EEG inter-hemispheric asymmetry.
Third, the sport psychological skill training had positive effects on sub-factors of the Korean version of the TOPS such as self-talk, condition control, imagery and goal-setting, relaxation, and emotional control.

후속연구

Accordingly, the present study aimed to develop a sports psychological skill training program based on the needs of national wheelchair curling players and teams to have high levels of practical application and contribution to competitive games as well as training and to assess the possibility to apply the program in practice. An additional purpose was to investigate the effect of psychological skill training on the psychological state of national wheelchair curling players using EEG analysis and provide basic brain physiological data to help increase competitiveness.

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저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

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