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문제 정의
- Depending on the cultivated areas, different names were probably given for some single cultivars of mangos which made it difficult for varietal identification. Therefore, it is needed to analyze genetic variability and relatedness among Myanmar mango accessions with the use of molecular markers together along with the analysis of their morphological characters. However, there are few reports of varietal identification and relationship based on their morphophysiological traits and genetic characteristics among mango cultivars in Myanmar.
제안 방법
- TSS (%) was evaluated with the aid of a portable hand refractometer. In addition, 8 different qualitative traits of mangoes such as fruit shape, fiber content, pulp color, pulp aroma, pulp texture, skin color, skin thickness and eating quality were analyzed. Fruit skin thickness (cm) was determined by using a vernier caliper.
- In this research, we mainly focused on fruit characters for morpho-physiological analysis of thirteen popular mango landraces cultivated in Kyauk-se district, central area of Myanmar and studied their genetic relatedness by microsatellites markers. It was found that there are over 50 different mango varieties around Kyauk-se region.
- Microsatellite screening and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was carried out with 10 µL reaction mixture containing 1 µL of 10 x PCR buffer, 0.8 µL of 2.5mM dNTPs, 0.3 µL of 5U Taq DNA polymerase, 0.5 µL of each 10µM forward and reverse primers, 0.5 µL of 50 ng/µL of template genomic DNA and 6.4µL of nuclease free water.
- Out of 24 microsatellite markers were screened, 12 SSR markers were selected for further analysis based on clarity, scorability and reproducibility of banding patterns. Details of the microsatellite markers used in this study were listed in Table 2.
- Although that study exhibited a broad genetic background and genetic distinctiveness of Myanmar mango and 8 varieties had the same names of the current study, there were only two genotypes that were collected from central region of Myanmar. The main objectives of this research work were to characterize and evaluate morphological fruits characteristics and to assess the genetic variability of 13 indigenous popular mango cultivars cultivated in Kyaukse district, Myanmar using microsatelliltes (SSR) markers. Characterization, evaluation and documentation system for Myanmar mango will be invaluable for manipulating management of mango landraces, production, genetic conservation and further breeding program.
대상 데이터
- A set of 24 SSR primers were used for initial screening of mango cultivars, of which 12 primers (Table 6) were selected for further analysis depending on the polymorphism of all varieties. It was found that there was a wide variation in the range of polymorphic bands produced by these primers.
- It was found that there was a wide variation in the range of polymorphic bands produced by these primers. Twelve SSR primers used in this study yielded a total 330 bands and 302 scorable polymorphic bands. Total number of alleles was 52 and average number of alleles for each primer was 4.
데이터처리
- 0). Analysis of variance techniques (ANOVA) was used to test the overall significance of the collected morphological data, and LSD test (0.05) was utilized to compare the differences among the treatment.
- The mean data of thirteen mango accessions was analyzed following ‘Descriptive Statistics’ for mean, standard error, standard deviation and coefficient of variation.
성능/효과
- According to the IPGRI descriptors, pulp TSS value (°Brix) was very low in NM, PBL, PL accessions (<10), that of PS, YK, PSP, MT was low (10.1-14), and AD, HT, MK, MSY, KK showed medium TSS value (14.1-18).
- According to the results of mean, standard error, standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV), it is obvious that there was a wide range of variation among thirteen mango accessions. The maximum coefficient of variation (CV%) was in pulp weight (58.
- Primer Mn 84 and MiIIHR 04 generated the highest number of bands (6 bands) followed by Mn19, Mn16, Mn 85, and MiL27 while MiSHRS 39 showed the lowest number of DNA bands (2 bands). Among all selected twelve SSR markers, only two markers, Mn 24 and MiL27 showed low polymorphic information content (PIC) with 0.45 and 0.42 whereas the remaining SSR produced high PIC values. MiSHRS 39 gave moderate polymorphism among all tested SSR markers.
- For quantitative trait, 10 descriptors for fruit weight (g), pulp weight (g), shell weight (g), stone weight (g), fruit length (cm), fruit width (cm), peel (%), pulp (%), stone (%), total soluble solids (TSS) (°Brix), were recorded.
- In this study, Sein Ta Lone cultivars showed the highest TSS contents (19.33 °Brix) among accessions representing as the best quality of fruit in all thirteen cultivars.
- It was discovered that mango peels of all thirteen varieties were between 11% and 22% of the total fruit weight and it was consistent with the other previous studies in which mango peels represented in the range of 7% to 24% of the whole fruit weight (Berardini et al. 2005) and 7.27% to 15.21% of mango peels in 10 different clones of langra’ mangoes in India (Anu et al. 2015).
- According to the results of mean, standard error, standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV), it is obvious that there was a wide range of variation among thirteen mango accessions. The maximum coefficient of variation (CV%) was in pulp weight (58.61%) followed by fruit weight (48.62%) shell weight (37.71%) and stone weight (34.87%) indicating wide genetic variability in these traits whereas minimum coefficient of variation was found in peel % (the ratio of peel weight to total fruit weight) (11.62%) followed by fruit width (11.64%) among thirteen Myanmar mango accessions. Thant HM et al.
- Twelve SSR primers used in this study yielded a total 330 bands and 302 scorable polymorphic bands. Total number of alleles was 52 and average number of alleles for each primer was 4.33 after amplification of total genomic DNA from thirteen mango varieties. Generally, each primer could amplify 2 to 6 DNA bands and effective number of alleles was between 1.
- 32%). Wide difference in fruit weight from 143.3 g (Aung Din varieties) to 686.7 g (Mya Kyauk cultivars) was found among thirteen varieties and CV% for fruit weight was recorded as (48.62%) in this study. Similarly, the average weight of fruit per cultivar was greatly varied from 108.
후속연구
- Investigation of considerable genetic variation between mango genotypes in Kyaukse region and identification of their relatedness has been exploited and it attributed a great insight for further genetic conservation, efficient utilization and proper selection of the better cultivars in Myanmar. Further assessment of genetic study for the remaining inter- and intra-cultivars of mango landraces in Myanmar is a prerequisite for the improvement of mango breeding program and germplasm management.
- The possibility of difference in morpho-physiological characterization from one cultivar to another might be due to their difference in genetic heterogeneity. These evaluation results of fruit quality and assessment will be useful for selection of better mango cultivars and germplasm management.
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