[논문]Destructive and Non-destructive Tests of Bamboo Oriented Strand Board under Various Shelling Ratios and Resin Contents

Maulana, Sena; Gumelar, Yuarsa; Fatrawana, Adesna; Maulana, Muhammad Iqbal; Hidayat, Wahyu; Sumardi, Ihak; Wistara, Nyoman Jaya; Lee, Seung Hwan; Kim, Nam Hun; Febrianto, Fauzi

doi:10.5658/wood.2019.47.4.519

Destructive and Non-destructive Tests of Bamboo Oriented Strand Board under Various Shelling Ratios and Resin Contents 원문보기

목재공학 = Journal of the Korean wood science and technology, v.47 no.4, 2019년, pp.519 - 532

Maulana, Sena (Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Dramaga Campus) , Gumelar, Yuarsa (Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Dramaga Campus) , Fatrawana, Adesna (Forestry Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Khairun University) , Maulana, Muhammad Iqbal (Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Dramaga Campus) , Hidayat, Wahyu (Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Lampung University) , Sumardi, Ihak (School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology) , Wistara, Nyoman Jaya (Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Dramaga Campus) , Lee, Seung Hwan (Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University) , Kim, Nam Hun (Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University) , Febrianto, Fauzi (Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, IPB Dramaga Campus)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of shelling ratio and resin content on the properties of bamboo oriented strand board (BOSB) from betung (Dendrocalamus asper) and to determine the correlation between the results of dynamic and static bending tests. Strands were steam-treated at $126^{\circ}C$ for 1 h under 0.14 MPa pressure and followed by washing with 1% NaOH solution. Three-layer BOSB with the core layer perpendicular to the surface was formed with shelling ratios (face:core ratio) of 30:70; 40:60; 50:50; 60:40 and binded with 7% and 8% of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin with the addition of 1% of wax. The evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of BOSB was conducted in accordance with the JIS A 5908:2003 standard and the results were compared with CSA 0437.0 standard for commercial OSB (Grade O-1). Non-destructive testing was conducted using Metriguard Model 239A Stress Wave Timer which has a wave propagation time from 1 to $9,999{\mu}s$ and a resolution of $1{\mu}s$. BOSB with 8% resin content showed better physical and mechanical properties than those with 7% resin content. The increase of the face layer ratio improved the strength of BOSB in parallel direction to the grain. The results suggested that shelling ratio of 50:50 could be used as a simple way to reduce PF resin requirements from 8% to 7% and to meet the requirements of CSA 0437.0 standard. The results of non-destructive and destructive tests showed a strong correlation, suggesting that non-destructive test can be used to estimate the bending properties of BOSB.

주제어

표/그림 (8)

그림 Fig. 1. Slenderness ratio and aspect ratio of betung bamboo strands.
표 Table 1. Physical properties of BOSB manufactured at various shelling ratio and resin content
그림 Fig. 2. The MOR values of BOSB manufactured under different shelling ratio and resin content in: (a) parallel direction to the grain, and (b) perpendicular direction to the grain.
그림 Fig. 3. The MOEs values of BOSB manufactured under different shelling ratio and resin content in: (a) parallel direction to the grain, and (b) perpendicular direction to the grain.
그림 Fig. 4. The IB values of BOSB manufactured under different shelling ratio and resin content.
그림 Fig. 5. The MOEd values of BOSB manufactured under different shelling ratio and resin content in: (a) parallel direction to the grain, and (b) perpendicular direction to the grain.
그림 Fig. 6. Correlation between MOEd and MOEs values of BOSB in: (a) and (b) binded with 7% PF, (c) and (d) binded with 8% PF.
그림 Fig. 7. Correlation between MOEd and MOR values of BOSB in: (a) and (b) binded with 7% PF, (c) and (d) binded with 8% PF.

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제안 방법

57 g cm^-3. Bamboo culms were converted into strands as the target length, width, and thickness of 70, 25, and 0.5 mm, respectively, by using a sharp knife. Samples of one hundred strands were randomly taken to determine strand geometry as slenderness ratio (ratio between strand length and thickness) and aspect ratio (ratio between strand length and width) which was calculated according to a method described by Maloney (1993).
However, scientific reports on the non-destructive test of BOSB bonded with PF resin are still limited. Consequently, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of shelling ratio and resin content on the physical and mechanical properties of BOSB and to determine the correlation between the results of dynamic and static bending tests.
The design of the experiment was completely randomized with two factors: resin content (two levels) and shelling ratio (four types), resulting in a total of eight possible treatment combinations. Each treatment was carried out in three replications.
The physical properties such as density, moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling were evaluated. The evaluated mechanical properties were internal bonding (IB) and bending strengths in parallel and perpendicular directions to the grain including static modulus of elasticity (MOEs) and modulus of rupture (MOR). Non-destructive testing as dynamic MOE (MOEd) test was also conducted in accordance with Yang et al.
All samples were conditioned at 25 to 30 °C and 60 to 65% RH for 2 weeks prior to the testing. The physical properties such as density, moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling were evaluated. The evaluated mechanical properties were internal bonding (IB) and bending strengths in parallel and perpendicular directions to the grain including static modulus of elasticity (MOEs) and modulus of rupture (MOR).

대상 데이터

Twenty-five culms of 4-year-old betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) were collected from Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Their average density was 0.

데이터처리

Means within a column followed by the same capital letter are not significantly different at 5% significance level using Duncan’s multiple range test.
The data obtained were analyzed statistically by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test to determine significant difference of variables within each factor and the interaction between the factors (Steel and Torrie, 1995).
The linear regression was calculated for all specimens to show the relationship between the results of non-destructive and destructive tests. Non-destructive testing has shown high correlation between dynamic and static in other composite materials (Fagan and Bodig, 1985; Pellerin and Morschauser, 1974; Ross, 1984; Ross and Pellerin, 1988).

이론/모형

The evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of BOSB was conducted in accordance with the JIS A 5908: 2003 standard (JIS, 2003). All samples were conditioned at 25 to 30 °C and 60 to 65% RH for 2 weeks prior to the testing.

성능/효과

2019). However, the results of this study showed that when using 7% PF resin in BOSBs manufactured with shelling ratios of 50:50 could meet the entire requirement of CSA O437.0 (Grade O-1) standard for OSB panels. The results provided a valuable finding, because the shelling ratio of 50:50 reduced the consumption of PF resin by 1%.
3). Statistical analysis showed that resin content and shelling ratio significantly affected the MOEs, while the correlation between shelling ratio and resin content was not significantly affected the MOEs value. The results showed that the MOR and MOE values of BOSB manufactured using 8% PF resin with shelling ratios of 40:60; 50:50; and 60:40 met the entire requirement of CSA O437.
The result showed that BOSBs manufactured met the target density with homogeneous values, ranging from 0.70-0.71 g cm^-3 (Table 1). The moisture content of boards also has homogeneous valued, ranging from 10.
0 (2011) (Grade O-1) standard for OSB panels, showing overall value of less than 15%. The results of the statistical analysis showed that resin content gave a big significant effect on water absorption and thickness swelling values. The dimensional stability of BOSB manufactured with 8% PF resin was superior than using 7% PF resin.
0 (Grade O-1) standard for OSB panels. The results provided a valuable finding, because the shelling ratio of 50:50 reduced the consumption of PF resin by 1%.
2). The results showed that resin content and shelling ratio significantly affected MOR, while the correlation between resin content and shelling ratio was not significantly affected the MOR. The MOEs values in parallel and perpendicular directions to the grain ranged from 3,102-7,438 MPa and 1,094-3,738 MPa, respectively (Fig.
(2013) suggested the possibility using stress wave testing to determine mechanical properties of Brazilian commercial OSB panel. The results showed that resin content and shelling ratio significantly affected the MOEd, while the correlation between resin content and shelling ratio did not significantly affect the MOEd. The value of MOEd in parallel and perpendicular directions to the grain increased with increasing resin content.
Statistical analysis showed that resin content and shelling ratio significantly affected the MOEs, while the correlation between shelling ratio and resin content was not significantly affected the MOEs value. The results showed that the MOR and MOE values of BOSB manufactured using 8% PF resin with shelling ratios of 40:60; 50:50; and 60:40 met the entire requirement of CSA O437.0 (Grade O-1) standard for OSB panels (SBA 2005). However, when using 7% PF resin, only the MOR and MOE values of BOSBs manufactured with shelling ratio of 50:50 that met the requirement of CSA O437.
(2018) reported on the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of bamboo fiber-based composites. The results showed the positive linear relations between density and dimensional stability at hot- and cold pressing, indicating that the width swelling ratio, thickness swelling ratio and water absorption ratio decreased with an increase in the density of the composites. In addition, bamboo was also fast growing, abundant in its native range and lightweight.
(2008) reported that the increase of face to core ratio improved MOE parallel direction to the grain. The study also showed that the increase of face to core ratio from 54:46 to 66:34 increased the MOE in parallel direction to the grain by 3.7%. Maulana et al.

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