Baek, Ji Hyun
(Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine)
,
Heo, Jung-Yoon
(Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine)
,
Fava, Maurizio
(Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School)
,
Mischoulon, David
(Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School)
,
Choi, Kwan Woo
(Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine)
,
Na, Eun Jin
(Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine)
,
Cho, Hana
(Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute)
,
Jeon, Hong Jin
(Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine)
Background: To investigate the neurobiological evidence supporting the adaptogenic effects of Korean Red Ginseng in reducing the harmful consequences of stress using a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Method: Sixty-three subjects with high stress levels were randomized to receive an orally ad...
Background: To investigate the neurobiological evidence supporting the adaptogenic effects of Korean Red Ginseng in reducing the harmful consequences of stress using a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Method: Sixty-three subjects with high stress levels were randomized to receive an orally administered, double-blind, 6-week treatment with Korean Red Ginseng (n = 32) or placebo (n = 31). All participants underwent a comprehensive psychological evaluation using Beck Depression Inventory and Stress Response Inventory, cognitive evaluation using the continuous performance test, biological evaluation by measuring blood levels of lipids, catecholamines, inflammation markers, and heart rate variability at baseline and after 6 weeks. Results: At baseline, both groups showed no significant differences in age, sex, years of education, Beck Depression Inventory, and Stress Response Inventory. After 6 weeks, triglyceride levels were significantly increased within the normal limit in the Korean Red Ginseng group (F = 4.11, p = 0.048), and the epinephrine level was decreased in this group (F = 4,35, p = 0.043). The triglyceride increase was significantly associated with epinephrine decrease (B = 0.087, p = 0.041), suggesting that Korean Red Ginseng may stabilize the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, we detected a significant group by time effect in the visually controlled continuous performance test, suggesting positive effects of Korean Red Ginseng on cognition. Conclusion: Korean Red Ginseng might help to stabilize the sympathetic nervous system and improve cognition in individuals with high stress.
Background: To investigate the neurobiological evidence supporting the adaptogenic effects of Korean Red Ginseng in reducing the harmful consequences of stress using a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Method: Sixty-three subjects with high stress levels were randomized to receive an orally administered, double-blind, 6-week treatment with Korean Red Ginseng (n = 32) or placebo (n = 31). All participants underwent a comprehensive psychological evaluation using Beck Depression Inventory and Stress Response Inventory, cognitive evaluation using the continuous performance test, biological evaluation by measuring blood levels of lipids, catecholamines, inflammation markers, and heart rate variability at baseline and after 6 weeks. Results: At baseline, both groups showed no significant differences in age, sex, years of education, Beck Depression Inventory, and Stress Response Inventory. After 6 weeks, triglyceride levels were significantly increased within the normal limit in the Korean Red Ginseng group (F = 4.11, p = 0.048), and the epinephrine level was decreased in this group (F = 4,35, p = 0.043). The triglyceride increase was significantly associated with epinephrine decrease (B = 0.087, p = 0.041), suggesting that Korean Red Ginseng may stabilize the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, we detected a significant group by time effect in the visually controlled continuous performance test, suggesting positive effects of Korean Red Ginseng on cognition. Conclusion: Korean Red Ginseng might help to stabilize the sympathetic nervous system and improve cognition in individuals with high stress.
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문제 정의
Notwithstanding these limitations, this study provides biological evidence that may be associated with an adaptogenic effect of KRG. In this randomized, double-blind RCT, KRG decreased epinephrine levels, which was associated with increased, but still normal, triglyceride levels.
제안 방법
Because epinephrine is involved in triglyceride hydrolysis, we additionally evaluated the correlation between epinephrine and triglyceride levels after adjusting for age and BMI (Table 5). The epinephrine level was significantly associated with triglyceride levels (β = -0.
Fourth, all study participants had very stressful professions, so their response to KRG may vary from that of individuals with less stressful jobs. Finally, cognitive function was not evaluated using a comprehensive test that evaluated a wide range of cognitive function.
All study clinicians and participants remained blinded to the assignment for the duration of the study. Participants received treatment (four capsules per day taken twice daily) of either 2 g/day of KRG (LAX-101) or placebo for 6 weeks. We selected the dosage of 2 g/day based on the previous study [16].
이론/모형
The BDI [9] is a popular measure to evaluate the severity and patterns of depressive symptoms based on 21 questions. Each question is used to measure the symptom severity on a 4-point Likert scale. We used the standardized Korean translated version [10], which has high sensitivity and reliability.
The Profile of Mood States is a self-reported questionnaire comprising 65 questions that evaluate six dimensions, including tension or anxiety, anger or hostility, vigor or activity, fatigue or inertia, depression or dejection, and confusion or bewilderment, using a 5-point scale. The Sheehan Disability Scale [14] was used to evaluate the degree of functional impairment. The Sheehan Disability Scale comprises three questions with responses measured using an 11-point Likert scale.
성능/효과
Considering that most nutraceuticals are consumed for a long time, additional studies are needed to determine the long-term effect of KRG. Fourth, all study participants had very stressful professions, so their response to KRG may vary from that of individuals with less stressful jobs. Finally, cognitive function was not evaluated using a comprehensive test that evaluated a wide range of cognitive function.
Therefore, it is premature to confirm the association between KRG and autonomic nervous system. Second, no significant difference was observed in subjective psychological distress between the KRG and placebo groups. As mentioned previously, strong placebo effects may occur in clinical trials of nutraceuticals, perhaps in part due to expectations on the part of study participants to receive nutraceutical therapy rather than placebo or other comparator [20].
The two groups showed no significant baseline differences in age, sex, education levels, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, alcohol intake and smoking status, BDI, or SRI (Table 1).
후속연구
In particular, changes in other biological markers, particularly inflammatory cytokines, may also take as long as 8-12 weeks to manifest. Considering that most nutraceuticals are consumed for a long time, additional studies are needed to determine the long-term effect of KRG. Fourth, all study participants had very stressful professions, so their response to KRG may vary from that of individuals with less stressful jobs.
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