[논문]두 개의 셔터 구멍이 적용된 원심식 비료 살포기의 살포패턴 분석

황석준; 박정현; 이주연; 김기덕; 신범수; 남주석

doi:10.14775/ksmpe.2019.18.10.008

두 개의 셔터 구멍이 적용된 원심식 비료 살포기의 살포패턴 분석
Spray Pattern Analysis for a Centrifugal Fertilizer Distributor with Two Shutter Holes 원문보기

한국기계가공학회지 = Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers, v.18 no.10, 2019년, pp.8 - 19

황석준 (강원대학교 바이오시스템기계공학과) , 박정현 (강원대학교 바이오시스템기계공학과) , 이주연 (강원대학교 바이오시스템기계공학과) , 김기덕 (강원대학교 바이오시스템기계공학과) , 신범수 (강원대학교 바이오시스템기계공학과) , 남주석 (강원대학교 바이오시스템기계공학과)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

In this study, the spray pattern of a centrifugal fertilizer distributor with two shutter holes was analyzed and an effective driving width that satisfies proper spray uniformity was derived. The centrifugal fertilizer distributor was mounted on a tractor with a rated power of 23.7 kW and static and dynamic spray pattern tests were performed according to the standard procedure proposed by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Standard ASAE S341.5. The height of the fertilizer distributor was 80 cm from the ground and the PTO (power take-off) shaft speed of the tractor was fixed at 540 rpm. The fertilizer scattered in space was collected using 275 evenly spaced collectors at shutter opening ratios of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The spray pattern was analyzed via the amount of sprayed fertilizer at each collector location and the coefficient of variation was used as an indicator of spray uniformity. Using the analyzed spray pattern, the effective driving width that satisfied less than 15% of the coefficient of variation was derived for different tractor driving patterns (race track mode, back and forth mode). From the results, spray uniformity increased as the shutter opening ratio decreased. The largest effective driving width was 8 m at a shutter opening ratio of 25% for both driving patterns.

주제어

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제안 방법

The dynamic test was conducted according to the same standard procedure as the static test. Also, the same experimental factors, spraying height, PTO shaft speed, collector shape, and collector arrangement as in the static test was applied (Fig. 5). Tractor travel speed was set to 1 m/s (transmission gear of L3), and the engine speed was fixed to the rated speed (2600 RPM).
In this study, as a preceding research to perform precision fertilization using a compact tractor, the spray pattern of the two shutter-type centrifugal fertilizer distributor was analyzed, and effective driving width to satisfy a proper spray uniformity was derived.
This study analyzed the spray pattern of the two shutter-type centrifugal distributor, and effective driving width was derived to satisfy proper spraying uniformity. Through static and dynamic spray pattern tests, the amount of sprayed fertilizer scattered in space was measured through three repeated test by setting shutter opening ratio (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) as the experimental factors.
This study analyzed the spray pattern of the two shutter-type centrifugal distributor, and effective driving width was derived to satisfy proper spraying uniformity. Through static and dynamic spray pattern tests, the amount of sprayed fertilizer scattered in space was measured through three repeated test by setting shutter opening ratio (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) as the experimental factors. The scattered fertilizer was collected using the evenly spaced 275 collectors, and the PTO shaft speed and the height of the fertilizer distributor were set at 540 RPM and 80 cm, respectively.

대상 데이터

7 kW at rated rotational speed of 2600 rpm. The tractor has four main transmission gears (1, 2, 3, and 4), and three sub gears (L, M, and H). It is compact and has high minimum ground clearance compared with products of similar engine rated power.

이론/모형

Static spray pattern test was conducted to analyze the spray pattern of the centrifugal fertilizer distributor when the tractor was stopped. The test was conducted in accordance with the standard procedure proposed by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE STANDARD S341.5)^[15]. The shutter opening ratio of the two holes (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) was set as the experimental factors.
To investigate the spray uniformity in lateral direction, coefficient of variation (CV) was derived using the result of dynamic spray pattern test. As shown in Equation (1), coefficient of variation for lateral direction can be obtained as a percentage of the standard deviation divided by the average, based on the application amount in each column.

성능/효과

1. When the shutter opening ratio is 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, the application rate of fertilizer is 533 g/s, 980 g/s, 2,134 g/s, 3,275 g/s, respectively. The application rate tended to be proportional to the shutter opening ratio.
2. In static spray pattern test, the R/L ratio were 1.57, 1.42, 1.54, and 1.56 at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of shutter opening ratio, respectively. Also, in dynamic spray pattern test, R/L ratios were 1.
3. In single path of tractor travel, coefficient of variation for total spraying width (1,590 cm) were 33.22%, 36.08%, 42.6%, 47.11% at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of shutter opening ratio, respectively. The spray uniformity was the best when the shutter opening ratio is 25%.
4. In the race track mode, conditions that satisfied CV closest to 15% were tractor driving width of 8 m at shutter opening ratio of 25% and tractor driving width of 7 m at shutter opening ratio of 50%. CV values were 12.
The CV for the total spraying width (1,590 cm) during single path of tractor travel is shown in Table 4. CV values were 33.22%, 36.08%, 42.6%, and 47.11% at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of shutter opening ratio, respectively. It was found that the spray uniformity was the best when the shutter opening ratio is 25%.

참고문헌 (15)

Kim, K. D., Lee, H. S., Hwang, S. J., Lee, Y. J., Nam, J. S., and Shin, B. S., "Analysis of Spray Characteristics of Tractor-mounted Boom Sprayer for Precise Spraying", Journal of Biosystems Engineering, Vol 42, No. 4, pp. 258-264, 2017.

원문보기 상세보기
Noh, H. K., "Development of a Nitrogen Application System for Nitrogen Deficiency in Corn", Journal of Biosystems Engineering, Vol 42, No. 2, pp. 98-103, 2017.

원문보기 상세보기
Hwang, S. J., Park, J. Y., Lee, J. Y., and Nam, J. S., "Sprayer Pattern Analysis of the Centrifugal Fertilizer Distributor for Uniform Application", Proceedings of the Conference of Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery, Vol 24, No. 1, pp. 454-455, 2019.
Ryu, K. H., Kim, Y. J., Cho, S. I., and Rhee, J. Y., "Development of Variable Rate Granule Applicator for Environment-Friendly Precision Agriculture(I): Concept Design of Variable Rate Pneumatic Granule Applicator and Manufacture of Prototype", Journal of Biosystems Eng., Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 305-314, 2006.

원문보기 상세보기
Kim, J. M., Shin, C. S., and Kim, T. H., "Survey for Uniform Application of Fertilizer Distributor", Proceedings of the Conference of Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery, Vol 22, No. 1, pp. 63, 2017.
Kim, J. M., Shin, C. S., and Kim, T. H., "Single Disc Fertilizer Distributor Uniformity Analysis", Proceedings of the Conference of Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery, Vol 22, No. 2, pp. 105, 2017.
Lee, C. K., Choi, Y., Jun, H. J., Lee, C. S., Kim, Y. J., Lee, S. K., and Oh, S. H., "Adaptability Analysis of Granule Fertilizer Applicator for Rapeseed Broadcasting", Journal of Biosystems Engineering, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 106-113, 2009.

원문보기 상세보기
Kweon, G. Y., Grift, T. E., Miclet, D., Virin, T., and Piron, E., "Analysis and Control of Uniformity by the Feed Gate Adaptation of a Granular Spreader", Journal of Biosystems Eng., Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 95-105, 2009.

원문보기 상세보기
Fulton, J. P., Shearer, S. A. Higgins, S. F., Darr, M. J., and Stombaugh, T. S., "Rate Response Assessment from Various Granular VRT Applicators", Transaction of the ASAE, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 2095-2103, 2005.

상세보기
Kim, Y. J., and Rhee, J. Y., "Development of Variable Rate Granule Applicator for Environment-Friendly Precision Agriculture(IV): Evaluation of Application Performance and Adjustment Method of Blow Head According to Discharging Rate", Journal of Biosystems Engineering, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 383-388, 2007.

원문보기 상세보기
Han, C. W., Park, H. J., Hong, Y. G., and Kweon., "Spread Pattern Analysis for High Uniformity of a Single Disc Fertilizer Applicator", Proceedings of the Conference of Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery, Vol 19, No. 2, pp. 7-8, 2014.
Han, C. W., Park, H. J., Lee, S. Y., Hong, Y. K., and Kweon, G. Y., "Analysis of Fertilizer Particle Motion on the Disc of a Single Disc Granule Fertilizer Applicator by Variable Feed Rates", Proceedings of the Conference of Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery, Vol 20, No. 2, pp. 109-110, 2015.
Han, C. W., Hong, Y. G., Kim, D. C., and Kweon, G. Y., "Particle Motion Analysis on the Disc of a Granule Fertilizer Spreader for Uniformity Control", Journal of Agriculture & Life Science, Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 225-237, 2016.
Han, C. W., Park, H. J., Lee, S. Y., Hong, Y. K., Lee, D. H., and Kweon, G. Y., "Pattern Analysis of a Single-disc Granule Spreader for Uniform Application of Fertilizer", Journal of Agriculture & Life Science, Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 321-332, 2015.

상세보기
ASAE Standard, 47th Ed. 2018. S341.5: Procedure for Measuring Distributor Uniformity and Calibrating Granular Broadcast Spreaders. St. Joseph, MI: ASABE.

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