Kim, Min Jung
(Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute)
,
Lee, Da-Hye
(Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute)
,
Ahn, Jiyun
(Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute)
,
Jang, Young-Jin
(Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute)
,
Ha, Tae-Youl
(Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute)
,
Do, Eunju
(Clinical Trial Convergence Commercialization Team, Korea Medicine Industry Support Center)
,
Jung, Chang Hwa
(Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute)
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In Oriental medicine, certain foods may be beneficial or detrimental based on an individual's constitution; however, the scientific basis for this theory is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body constitution, based on the Sasang type of ...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In Oriental medicine, certain foods may be beneficial or detrimental based on an individual's constitution; however, the scientific basis for this theory is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body constitution, based on the Sasang type of Korean traditional medical classification system, on the bioavailability of soy isoflavones of Cheonggukjang, a quick-fermented soybean paste. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A pilot study was conducted on 48 healthy Korean men to evaluate the bioavailability of isoflavone after ingestion of food based on constitution types classified by the Sasang typology. The participants were classified into the Taeeumin (TE; n = 15), Soyangin (SY; n = 15), and Soeumin (SE; n = 18) groups. Each participant ingested 50 g of Cheonggukjang per 60 kg body weight. Thereafter, blood was collected, and the soy isoflavone metabolites were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Ntrikinetic analysis of individual isoflavone-derived metabolites was performed. RESULTS: Our nutrikinetic analysis identified 21 metabolites derived from isoflavones in the blood samples from 48 healthy Korean men (age range, 21-29 years). Significant differences were observed in the time to maximum concentration (Tmax) and elimination half-life (t1/2) for nine metabolites among the three groups. The Tmax and t1/2 of the nine metabolites were higher in the SE group than in the other groups. Moreover, the absorption rates, as determined by the area under the plasma-level curve (AUC) values of intact isoflavone, were 5.3 and 9.4 times higher in the TE group than in the SY and SE groups, respectively. Additionally, the highest AUC values for phase I and II metabolites were observed in the TE group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that isoflavone bioavailability, following Cheonggukjang insgestion, is high in individuals with the TE constitution, and relatively lower in those with the SE and SY constitutions.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In Oriental medicine, certain foods may be beneficial or detrimental based on an individual's constitution; however, the scientific basis for this theory is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body constitution, based on the Sasang type of Korean traditional medical classification system, on the bioavailability of soy isoflavones of Cheonggukjang, a quick-fermented soybean paste. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A pilot study was conducted on 48 healthy Korean men to evaluate the bioavailability of isoflavone after ingestion of food based on constitution types classified by the Sasang typology. The participants were classified into the Taeeumin (TE; n = 15), Soyangin (SY; n = 15), and Soeumin (SE; n = 18) groups. Each participant ingested 50 g of Cheonggukjang per 60 kg body weight. Thereafter, blood was collected, and the soy isoflavone metabolites were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Ntrikinetic analysis of individual isoflavone-derived metabolites was performed. RESULTS: Our nutrikinetic analysis identified 21 metabolites derived from isoflavones in the blood samples from 48 healthy Korean men (age range, 21-29 years). Significant differences were observed in the time to maximum concentration (Tmax) and elimination half-life (t1/2) for nine metabolites among the three groups. The Tmax and t1/2 of the nine metabolites were higher in the SE group than in the other groups. Moreover, the absorption rates, as determined by the area under the plasma-level curve (AUC) values of intact isoflavone, were 5.3 and 9.4 times higher in the TE group than in the SY and SE groups, respectively. Additionally, the highest AUC values for phase I and II metabolites were observed in the TE group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that isoflavone bioavailability, following Cheonggukjang insgestion, is high in individuals with the TE constitution, and relatively lower in those with the SE and SY constitutions.
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문제 정의
In our previous study, we investigated the probable classification of Sasang constitution through metabolomics and lipidomics analysis from human blood, and have proposed several candidate metabolites representative of the Sasang constitution [22]. In this study, we aimed to investigate the change in the bioavailability of functional ingredients after the ingestion of food according to Sasang typology. To validate this hypothesis, we investigated the differences in the bioavailability of soy isoflavones after the intake of Cheonggukjang in the same cohort of participants used in the previous study.
제안 방법
There are some limitations to this study. First, the participant cohort was small and unsuitable for validating the association between diet and Sasang constitution-based system of classification. Therefore, current evidence on the bioavailability of isoflavones in Cheonggukjang is limited.
This human study was approved (KMISC-FD-22) by the Daegu Oriental Hospital of Daegu Hanny University (Daegu, South Korea). The analysis was only performed for three constitutions, i.e., TE, SE, and SY because the TY constitution is very rare. Among the Korean population, 20% of SY, 50% of TE, 30% of SE, and below 0.
The supernatant was dissolved in 50% aqueous methanol containing caffeine for ultraperformance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF) analysis. UPLC-MS analysis was performed using an Acquity UPLC system (Waters, Miliford, MA, USA) coupled to an Waters SYNAPT G2-Sir mass spectrometer (Waters Corp., Manchester, UK). Chromatographic separation of samples was performed on ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.
대상 데이터
O-desmethylangolensin (ODMA) was purchased from Plantech UK (Reading, Berkshire, UK). 2-hydroxygenistein (GFN99257) was purchased from ChemFaces (Wuhan, China). 3-hydroxydaidzein (1309) was purchased from Extrasynthese (Geray, France).
Daidzein 4’-glucuronide (D103490), daidzein 7-glucuronide (D103510), daidzein 4’-sulfate (D103520), genistein 7-glucuronide (G350015), genistein diglucuronide (G350055), genistein 4’-sulfate (G350045), daidzein 7-sulfate 4’-glucuronide (D103565), daidzein diglucuronide (D103575), genistein 7-glucuronide-4’-sulfate (G350050), and genistein 7-sulfate (G350045) were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Ontario, Canada).
Dihydrogenistein (sc-498873), equol 7-glucuronide (sc-219699), and equol 4’-sulfate (sc-219698) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
Genistein (G6776), daidzein (16587), and glycitein (G2785) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Daidzein 4’-glucuronide (D103490), daidzein 7-glucuronide (D103510), daidzein 4’-sulfate (D103520), genistein 7-glucuronide (G350015), genistein diglucuronide (G350055), genistein 4’-sulfate (G350045), daidzein 7-sulfate 4’-glucuronide (D103565), daidzein diglucuronide (D103575), genistein 7-glucuronide-4’-sulfate (G350050), and genistein 7-sulfate (G350045) were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Ontario, Canada).
데이터처리
All data (Cmax, Tmax, t1/2, and AUC) are expressed as mean ± SEM, and analyzed using one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) followed by comparison of Duncan’s multiple post-hoc analysis.
성능/효과
In conclusion, our results indicate that the overall bioavailability of isoflavone metabolites, after the ingestion of Cheonggukjang, was higher in the TE group than in the other two groups. Data on the bioavailability of functional ingredients according to Sasang typology might be useful for recommending appropriate diet for the prevention of disease, emphasizing on the functional aspects of oriental medicine.
Therefore, current evidence on the bioavailability of isoflavones in Cheonggukjang is limited. Second, the objective nature and scientific reproducibility of the Sasang constitution is controversial. Third, additional evidence is needed to ascertain if Sasang constitution can be used as a measure for assessing the bioavailability and constitution of dietary isoflavones observed in plasma after the ingestion of Cheonggukjang.
후속연구
Second, the objective nature and scientific reproducibility of the Sasang constitution is controversial. Third, additional evidence is needed to ascertain if Sasang constitution can be used as a measure for assessing the bioavailability and constitution of dietary isoflavones observed in plasma after the ingestion of Cheonggukjang.
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