선택한 단어 수는 입니다.
최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
선택한 단어 수는 30입니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
문제 정의
- The locations of the electrodes were decided in accordance with the guidelines reported by Cram [12]. In this study, as an experiment implemented immediately after rotator cuff repair, the extent of muscle activation was measured by reference voluntary contraction (%RVC) because the maximum isometric contraction could not be performed due to the risk of the re-rupture in the research subjects. To obtain the %RVC for measuring the muscle activity around the shoulder, the RMS of the standard motion was first measured followed by the RMS of a certain motion.
제안 방법
- In addition, the patients received a doctor’s prescription in accordance with the therapy guidelines after surgery and treatment by the resident doctor every day throughout hospitalization. After discharge from the hospital, they underwent treatment and management of the injury by the resident doctor once every 3~7 days.
- On the other hand, atrophy in the shoulder muscles may occur if the joint movement is limited by wearing a sling for more than four weeks after the rotor cuff repair to prevent re-rupture [16]. In this study, the effects of handgrip exercise, which can be applied to patients who passed two weeks after shoulder rotator cuff repair, on the shoulder muscle activation, and the cross-sectional area of the supraspinatus muscle was analyzed to provide basic clinical data for early intervention after a rotator cuff repair.
- In this study, the experiment was conducted by dividing the subjects into the control group, for which six weeks of general physiotherapy was performed, and the experimental group, for which handgrip exercise and the same general physiotherapy were conducted. Throughout the experimental period, management of the area of the injury appropriate for the guidelines for the management following rotator cuff repair was implemented at the hospital ward for all subjects of this study.
- After the protective film on the electrode was detached, the surface of the electrode covered with an electrolyte was attached in parallel to the running direction of the muscles at the center of the corresponding muscle by maintaining a distance of approximately 2 ㎝ between the electrodes. Measurements were made on the following six muscles: the anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, posterior deltoid, pectoralis major, upper trapezius, and infraspinatus muscles of the injured shoulder joint. The locations of the electrodes were decided in accordance with the guidelines reported by Cram [12].
- Ultrasound therapy was performed for five minutes by setting the frequency at 1㎒, the intensity at 3W/㎠ and irradiation format at a pulsed ultrasonic wave. The same general physiotherapy was applied to both the control group and experimental group six times per week for six weeks.
- This was set to one repetition with 10 repetitions composing a single set. The subjects underwent three sets of this handgrip exercise six times a week for six weeks in the physiotherapy room [15].
- The elbow joint bent at 90° and the wrist joint was in the neutral position before commencing the handgrip exercise. The subjects were asked to squeeze the dynamometer at 50% of the maximum grip power and maintain the hold for seven seconds, followed by relaxation for three seconds. This was set to one repetition with 10 repetitions composing a single set.
- To obtain the %RVC for measuring the muscle activity around the shoulder, the RMS of the standard motion was first measured followed by the RMS of a certain motion. The subjects were instructed to assume a comfortable seated posture with the legs spread naturally to the width of the shoulder, with the soles of the feet touching the floor, pushing the hip to the deep end of the chair, and straightening the back for the experiment. The subjects, after the shoulder abduction brace had been removed, were then instructed to grasp the dynamometer naturally with a weight of .
- [11] showed that the handgrip is strongly associated with the activation of the rotator cuff by redistributing the force from the deltoid muscle and rotator cuff. Therefore, this study examined the effects of handgrip exercise during the acute phase after rotator cuff repair when active exercise therapy could not be applied, on shoulder joint pain, joint range of motion, muscle activity, shoulder function, and cross-sectional area of the supraspinatus muscle in patients with mild and moderate injuries.
- In this study, the experiment was conducted by dividing the subjects into the control group, for which six weeks of general physiotherapy was performed, and the experimental group, for which handgrip exercise and the same general physiotherapy were conducted. Throughout the experimental period, management of the area of the injury appropriate for the guidelines for the management following rotator cuff repair was implemented at the hospital ward for all subjects of this study. In addition, the patients received a doctor’s prescription in accordance with the therapy guidelines after surgery and treatment by the resident doctor every day throughout hospitalization.
대상 데이터
- Patients who visited the plastic surgery department of the Hospital G, Busan, Korea were selected as the subjects of this study. In particular, among the patients who visited the hospital with shoulder pain and were diagnosed with rotator cuff rupture by plastic surgeons, patients for whom rotator cuff repair had been performed using an arthroscope were selected as subjects.
- No significant differences were observed between the experimental and control group, and accordingly, the two groups were found to be homogeneous. The experimental group was composed of eight males(57%) and six females (43%). Thirteen of the subjects had damage to the right side rotator cuff(93%), while one subject had damage to the left rotator cuff(7%).
- In particular, among the patients who visited the hospital with shoulder pain and were diagnosed with rotator cuff rupture by plastic surgeons, patients for whom rotator cuff repair had been performed using an arthroscope were selected as subjects. Thirty-three patients, who understood the intent of this study and consented voluntarily to participate in the study, were allocated randomly into two groups(17 in the control group and 16 in the experimental group). Five of these patients dropped out in the middle of the study: two due to a return to work and three due to rejection of the therapy.
- This study examined 28 subjects composed of 14 in the experimental group and 14 in the control group. The average age of the subjects was 60.
데이터처리
- Normal distribution was assessed using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the linearity was explored through scatter plots. An independent sample t-test was performed to confirm the general characteristics of the research subjects and the homogeneity of the subjects prior to the experiment. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA was performed for the extent of activation of the muscles around the shoulder.
- To examine the cross-sectional area of the supraspinatus muscle, an independent sample t-test was conducted by calculating the variation in each group with the significance level(α) set to .05.
- An independent sample t-test was performed to confirm the general characteristics of the research subjects and the homogeneity of the subjects prior to the experiment. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA was performed for the extent of activation of the muscles around the shoulder. To examine the cross-sectional area of the supraspinatus muscle, an independent sample t-test was conducted by calculating the variation in each group with the significance level(α) set to .
이론/모형
- 0 program. Normal distribution was assessed using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the linearity was explored through scatter plots. An independent sample t-test was performed to confirm the general characteristics of the research subjects and the homogeneity of the subjects prior to the experiment.
성능/효과
- An analysis of the variation in the value of the cross-sectional area of the supraspinatus muscle of the experimental group(pre: 558.25±157.17㎟, post: 616.24± 171.69㎟) and control group(pre: 553.37±238.02㎟, post: 543.63±129.29㎟) revealed a significant difference(p< .05)(Table 3).
- The measurement method of supraspinatus atrophy was the same as in the present study, and the area of the supraspinatus after successful arthroscopic repair increased by 17%. In this study, the cross-sectional area of the supraspinatus was increased by 18% with handgrip exercise, which was performed two to six weeks after the rotator cuff repair. This indicates that handgrip exercise is an excellent way to increase the supraspinatus cross-sectional area.
- In this study, there were significant differences in muscle activation of the anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, upper trapezius, and infraspinatus over time between the experimental and control groups. In particular, there was a significant difference in the upper trapezius and infraspinatus when the changes in muscle activation between the groups were compared.
- [31] measured the supraspinatus atrophy by MRI before and one year after surgery in 191 patients with a rotator cuff injury. The measurement method of supraspinatus atrophy was the same as in the present study, and the area of the supraspinatus after successful arthroscopic repair increased by 17%. In this study, the cross-sectional area of the supraspinatus was increased by 18% with handgrip exercise, which was performed two to six weeks after the rotator cuff repair.
- The muscle activation of the two groups over time showed a significant decrease in the anterior deltoid and upper trapezius, and a significant increase in pectoralis major and infraspinatus(p<.05).
- The results of this study showed that the supraspinatus cross-sectional area of the experimental group increased 18% after the handgrip exercise compared to that before the exercise, but the supraspinatus cross-sectional area of the control group decreased by 3%. Chung et al.
- Regarding the size of the damage, eight subjects had damage of less than 1㎝ (57%), and six subjects had damage sizes in the range of 1~3㎝(43%). The two groups were deemed homogeneous because the %RVC of the anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, posterior deltoid, pectoralis major, upper trapezius, and infraspinatus among the muscles around the damaged shoulder were similar in the experimental group and the control group(Table 1).
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