[국내논문]Occurrence and Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant and -Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from the Beef Production Chain in Korea원문보기
Lee, Haeng Ho
(School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University)
,
Lee, Gi Yong
(School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University)
,
Eom, Hong Sik
(School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University)
,
Yang, Soo-Jin
(School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University)
The emergence and persistence of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in livestock animals have been reported as a potential risk factor for transmission to humans. In this study, we investigated the nationwide prevalence and characteristics...
The emergence and persistence of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in livestock animals have been reported as a potential risk factor for transmission to humans. In this study, we investigated the nationwide prevalence and characteristics of MRSA and MSSA in the Korean beef production system, including retail markets, slaughterhouses, and cattle farms. From a total of 1,285 samples, only 5 MRSA strains were isolated: from a farmer (1 ST72 MRSA), a carcass sample from a slaughterhouse (1 ST72 MRSA), and beef cattle (3 ST5 MRSA). In addition, 11 MSSA strains were isolated from beef cattle (n=3), humans (1 farmer, 1 slaughterhouse worker, and 4 retail market workers), and carcass samples (n=1) and slaughterhouse environment (n=1). Although the prevalence of MRSA and MSSA in beef cattle was much lower than that reported in pigs, 5/5 MRSA and 2/11 MSSA strains displayed multiple drug resistance (MDR) phenotypes. Unlike the swine-associated MRSA, no correlation was found between tetracycline/zinc resistance and MDR phenotype. However, MRSA strains had an identical set of staphylococcal enterotoxins and exhibited enhanced levels of resistance to antimicrobial peptides (PMAP-36 and LL-37) compared to the MSSA strains. In conclusion, continued and systemic surveillance of livestock, meat products, and humans in close contact with livestock/meat products is necessary to prevent the transmission of MRSA and MSSA to humans.
The emergence and persistence of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in livestock animals have been reported as a potential risk factor for transmission to humans. In this study, we investigated the nationwide prevalence and characteristics of MRSA and MSSA in the Korean beef production system, including retail markets, slaughterhouses, and cattle farms. From a total of 1,285 samples, only 5 MRSA strains were isolated: from a farmer (1 ST72 MRSA), a carcass sample from a slaughterhouse (1 ST72 MRSA), and beef cattle (3 ST5 MRSA). In addition, 11 MSSA strains were isolated from beef cattle (n=3), humans (1 farmer, 1 slaughterhouse worker, and 4 retail market workers), and carcass samples (n=1) and slaughterhouse environment (n=1). Although the prevalence of MRSA and MSSA in beef cattle was much lower than that reported in pigs, 5/5 MRSA and 2/11 MSSA strains displayed multiple drug resistance (MDR) phenotypes. Unlike the swine-associated MRSA, no correlation was found between tetracycline/zinc resistance and MDR phenotype. However, MRSA strains had an identical set of staphylococcal enterotoxins and exhibited enhanced levels of resistance to antimicrobial peptides (PMAP-36 and LL-37) compared to the MSSA strains. In conclusion, continued and systemic surveillance of livestock, meat products, and humans in close contact with livestock/meat products is necessary to prevent the transmission of MRSA and MSSA to humans.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
가설 설정
1) Screened for sea, seb, sec, sed, and see gene.
제안 방법
In this study, we investigated the prevalence and genotypes of MRSA and MSSA throughout the beef production system in Korea, encompassing beef cattle farms, retail markets, and slaughterhouses. In addition, we examined genotypic and phenotypic factors associated with antimicrobial resistance and analyzed virulence characteristics of the MRSA and MSSA isolates.
대상 데이터
Seven different STs were assigned to the 16 S. aureus strains through MLST-analyses, with two non-typeable MSSA strains: BJFA-222 and BKFH-451 (Table 2). The three MRSA strains isolated from cattle were ST5 with SCCmec type II (ST5-SCCmec II), and two other MRSA strains each isolated from a farm-worker and a carcass sample were ST72-SCCmec type IV.
데이터처리
The statistical significance was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Statistical significance was determined at p-value <0.
이론/모형
, 2019) were synthesized with a purity of ≥95% (GL Biochen, Shanghai, China). In vitro survival assays against PMAP-36 and LL-37 were performed as described before using a 2 h microdilution method (Xiong et al., 2005). CAP susceptibility assays were performed with PMAP-36 (0.
성능/효과
Although the five MRSA strains differed in MLST, SCCmec, agr, and spa types (ST5-SCCmec II-agr II-spa t002 vs. ST72-SCCmec IV-agr I-spa t664), all MRSA strains carried an identical set of SE genes (Table 3). The six SE genes (seg, sei, sem, sen, seo, and seu) detected in the five MRSA strains were within enterotoxin gene cluster (egc) 2 locus (Table 4).
As presented in Table 2, MSSA strains exhibited 6 different ST types: ST1 (n=3, 27.3%), ST188 (n=2, 18.2%), ST7 (n=1, 9.1%), ST72 (n=1, 9.1%), ST2199 (n=1, 9.1%), and ST2416 (n=1, 9.1%), and two non-typeable strains. Similar to the diverse MLST types, the 11 MSSA strains had 8 different spa types and two different agr types.
Similar to the diverse MLST types, the 11 MSSA strains had 8 different spa types and two different agr types. Combined analyses of MLST, spa, and agr types in the MSSA strains revealed that the 11 MSSA strains were each genetically distinct, except the two ST1 MSSA strains, BSFA-4104 and BJSM-273. Although one ST72 MSSA strain (BJMH-426) and two ST72 MRSA strains (BKFH-321E and BKSM-133E) had identical MLST and agr types, differences in spa types were observed between the MSSA and MRSA strains (t664 vs.
In conclusion, our data provide important information on the occurrence of MRSA and MSSA in the beef production chain in Korea. The prevalence of bovine-associated MRSA and MSSA was much lower than that of swine-associated MRSA and MSSA in Korea and other Asian and European countries.
In vitro CAP susceptibility assays of all 16 strains revealed that MRSA strains tended to have significantly higher levels of resistance to PMAP-36 (p<0.05) and LL-37 (p<0.01) than MSSA strains.
Sixteen strains of MRSA (n=5, 0.39%) and MSSA (n=11, 0.86%) were cultured from 1,285 samples obtained from beef cattle farms, retail markets, and slaughterhouses over the twelve months of the sampling period (Table 1). The overall prevalence of MRSA was 0.
, 2014), suggesting geographical variation. The overall prevalence of MSSA in cattle farm in this study was 0.5%, indicating that the occurrence of S. aureus in beef cattle farm is very low, regardless of methicillin resistance. Interestingly, as shown in Table 1, the isolation rates of MSSA in samples from slaughterhouses and retail markets (0.
, 2019). The three ST5 MRSA strains were isolated from different bovine hosts on a single farm and had identical genotypes (spa type of t002, SCCmec II, and agr type II) and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, indicating colonization of beef cattle with a single clone of an ST5 MRSA strain. The two ST72 MRSA strains (BKFH-321E and BKSM-133E) each displayed resistance to three antimicrobial agents, while the ST5 MRSA strains exhibited an MDR phenotype to five antimicrobial agents (Table 2).
참고문헌 (35)
Aarestrup FM Hasman H 2004 Susceptibility of different bacterial species isolated from food animals to copper sulphate, zinc chloride and antimicrobial substances used for disinfection Vet Microbiol 100 83 89 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.01.013 15135516
Abdelhady W Bayer AS Seidl K Moormeier DE Bayles KW Cheung A Yeaman MR Xiong YQ 2014 Impact of vancomycin on sarA -mediated biofilm formation: Role in persistent endovascular infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus J Infect Dis 209 1231 1240 10.1093/infdis/jiu007 24403556
Carfora V Giacinti G Sagrafoli D Marri N Giangolini G Alba P Feltrin F Sorbara L Amoruso R Caprioli A Amatiste S Battisti A 2016 Methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in dairy sheep and in-contact humans: An intra-farm study J Dairy Sci 99 4251 4258 10.3168/jds.2016-10912 27060817
Cavaco LM Hasman H Stegger M Andersen PS Skov R Fluit AC Ito T Aarestrup FM 2010 Cloning and occurrence of czrc , a gene conferring cadmium and zinc resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 isolates Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54 3605 3608 10.1128/AAC.00058-10 20585119
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [CLSI] 2019 Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals. VET08 CLSI Wayne, PA, USA
Collery MM Smyth DS Tumilty JJG Twohig JM Smyth CJ 2009 Associations between enterotoxin gene cluster types egc1 , egc2 and egc3 , agr types, enterotoxin and enterotoxin-like gene profiles, and molecular typing characteristics of human nasal carriage and animal isolates of Staphylococcus aureus J Med Microbiol 58 13 25 10.1099/jmm.0.005215-0 19074649
Enright MC Day NP Davies CE Peacock SJ Spratt BG 2000 Multilocus sequence typing for characterization of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible clones of Staphylococcus aureus J Clin Microbiol 38 1008 1015 10.1128/JCM.38.3.1008-1015.2000 10698988
Gilot P Lina G Cochard T Poutrel B 2002 Analysis of the genetic variability of genes encoding the RNA III-activating components agr and trap in a population of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from cows with mastitis J Clin Microbiol 40 4060 4067 10.1128/JCM.40.11.4060-4067.2002 12409375
Graveland H Wagenaar JA Bergs K Heesterbeek H Heederik D 2011 Persistence of livestock associated MRSA CC398 in humans is dependent on intensity of animal contact PLOS ONE 6 e16830 10.1371/journal.pone.0016830 21347386
Harmsen D Claus H Witte W Rothganger J Claus H Turnwald D Vogel U 2003 Typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a university hospital setting by using novel software for spa repeat determination and database management J Clin Microbiol 41 5442 5448 10.1128/JCM.41.12.5442-5448.2003 14662923
Hennekinne JA De Buyser ML Dragacci S 2012 Staphylococcus aureus and its food poisoning toxins: Characterization and outbreak investigation FEMS Microbiol Rev 36 815 836 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00311.x 22091892
Kang KM Park JH Kim SH Yang SJ 2019 Potential role of host defense antimicrobial peptide resistance in increased virulence of health care-associated MRSA strains of sequence type (ST) 5 versus livestock-associated and community-associated mrsa strains of ST72 Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 62 13 18 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.11.012 30711040
Kim YJ Oh DH Song BR Heo EJ Lim JS Moon JS Park HJ Wee SH Sung K 2015 Molecular characterization, antibiotic resistance, and virulence factors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from imported and domestic meat in Korea Foodborne Pathog Dis 12 390 398 10.1089/fpd.2014.1885 25789540
Kondo Y Ito T Ma XX Watanabe S Kreiswirth BN Etienne J Hiramatsu K 2007 Combination of multiplex PCRs for staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type assignment: Rapid identification system for mec , ccr , and major differences in junkyard regions Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51 264 274 10.1128/AAC.00165-06 17043114
Larsen J Clasen J Hansen JE Paulander W Petersen A Larsen AR Frees D 2016 Copresence of tet(K) and tet(M) in livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 398 is associated with increased fitness during exposure to sublethal concentrations of tetracycline Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60 4401 4403 10.1128/AAC.00426-16 27161637
Lim SK Nam HM Park HJ Lee HS Choi MJ Jung SC Lee JY Kim YC Song SW Wee SH 2010 Prevalence and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in raw meat in Korea J Microbiol Biotechnol 20 775 778 20467252
Lina G Piemont Y Godail-Gamot F Bes M Peter MO Gauduchon V Vandenesch F Etienne J 1999 Involvement of panton-valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus in primary skin infections and pneumonia Clin Infect Dis 29 1128 1132 10.1086/313461 10524952
Moon DC Tamang MD Nam HM Jeong JH Jang GC Jung SC Park YH Lim SK 2015 Identification of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Korea and molecular comparison between isolates from animal carcasses and slaughterhouse workers Foodborne Pathog Dis 12 327 334 10.1089/fpd.2014.1868 25786036
Moon JS Lee AR Kang HM Lee ES Kim MN Paik YH Park YH Joo YS Koo HC 2007 Phenotypic and genetic antibiogram of methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis in Korea J Dairy Sci 90 1176 1185 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)71604-1 17297092
Nam HM Lee AL Jung SC Kim MN Jang GC Wee SH Lim SK 2011 Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Korea Foodborne Pathog Dis 8 231 238 10.1089/fpd.2010.0661 21034263
Nemeghaire S Argudin MA Haesebrouck F Butaye P 2014 Epidemiology and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage isolates from bovines BMC Vet Res 10 153 10.1186/1746-6148-10-153 25011427
Ng LK Martin I Alfa M Mulvey M 2001 Multiplex pcr for the detection of tetracycline resistant genes Mol Cell Probes 15 209 215 10.1006/mcpr.2001.0363 11513555
Osman KM Amer AM Badr JM Helmy NM Elhelw RA Orabi A Bakry M Saad AS 2016 Antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation and mecA characterization of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and non- S. aureus of beef meat origin in Egypt Front Microbiol 7 222 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00222 26973606
Ouhara K Komatsuzawa H Kawai T Nishi H Fujiwara T Fujiue Y Kuwabara M Sayama K Hashimoto K Sugai M 2008 Increased resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptide ll-37 in methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus J Antimicrob Chemother 61 1266 1269 10.1093/jac/dkn106 18367458
Park JY Fox LK Seo KS Mcguire MA Park YH Rurangirwa FR Sischo WM Bohach GA 2011 Detection of classical and newly described staphylococcal superantigen genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine intramammary infections Vet Microbiol 147 149 154 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.06.021 20667668
Park KH Chong YP Kim SH Lee SO Choi SH Lee MS Jeong JY Woo JH Kim YS 2015 Community-associated MRSA strain ST72-sccmeciv causing bloodstream infections: Clinical outcomes and bacterial virulence factors J Antimicrob Chemother 70 1185 1192 10.1093/jac/dku475 25433004
Pauly N Wichmann-Schauer H Ballhausen B Torres Reyes N Fetsch A Tenhagen BA 2019 Detection and quantification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in fresh broiler meat at retail in germany Int J Food Microbiol 292 8 12 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.11.025 30553180
Pompilio A De Nicola S Crocetta V Guarnieri S Savini V Carretto E Di Bonaventura G 2015 New insights in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius pathogenicity: Antibiotic-resistant biofilm formation by a human wound-associated strain BMC Microbiol 15 109 10.1186/s12866-015-0449-x 25994406
Price LB Stegger M Hasman H Aziz M Larsen J Andersen PS Pearson T Waters AE Foster JT Schupp J Gillece J Driebe E Liu CM Springer B Zdovc I Battisti A Franco A Zmudzki J Schwarz S Butaye P Jouy E Pomba C Porrero MC Ruimy R Smith TC Robinson DA Weese JS Arriola CS Yu F Laurent F Keim P Skov R Aarestrup FM 2012 Staphylococcus aureus CC398: Host adaptation and emergence of methicillin resistance in livestock MBio 3 e00305 11 10.1128/mBio.00305-11 22354957
Scheenstra MR van den Belt M Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven JLM Schneider VAF Ordonez SR van Dijk A Veldhuizen EJA Haagsman HP 2019 Cathelicidins PMAP-36, LL-37 and CATH-2 are similar peptides with different modes of action Sci Rep 9 4780 10.1038/s41598-019-41246-6 30886247
Song JW Yang SJ Shin S Seo KS Park YH Park KT 2016 Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitic milk in Korea J Food Prot 79 1725 1732 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-16-067 28221858
Turner NA Sharma-Kuinkel BK Maskarinec SA Eichenberger EM Shah PP Carugati M Holland TL Fowler VG 2019 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus : An overview of basic and clinical research Nat Rev Microbiol 17 203 218 10.1038/s41579-018-0147-4 30737488
Vanderhaeghen W Cerpentier T Adriaensen C Vicca J Hermans K Butaye P 2010 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398 associated with clinical and subclinical mastitis in belgian cows Vet Microbiol 144 166 171 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.12.044 20092969
Weese JS Hannon SJ Booker CW Gow S Avery BP Reid-Smith RJ 2012 The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in feedlot cattle Zoonoses Public Health 59 144 147 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01428.x 21824380
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.