[논문]A study on water quality change by land use change using HSPF

Kim, Tae Geun; Choi, Kyoung-sik

doi:10.4491/eer.2019.105

A study on water quality change by land use change using HSPF 원문보기

Environmental engineering research, v.25 no.1, 2020년, pp.123 - 128

Kim, Tae Geun (Department of Environmental Engineering, Cheongju University) , Choi, Kyoung-sik (Department of Energy Chemical Engineering, Silla University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Non-point source pollutant load reductions were calculated using the Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) model under the assumption that landuse pattern was changed according to land purchases. Upon the simulation of non-point pollutant and areas with high land purchase ratios to select a buffer zone, the Namgang dam Reach 11, Imha dam Reach 10, and the Reach 136 watershed of the main river were found to rank high for the construction of buffer zones. Assuming that the forms of the purchased lands were changed to wetlands, biological oxygen demand (BOD) loads were changed through the HSPF model. No changes of BOD were present in the Namgang dam and the Imha dam watersheds. BOD loads in Reach 136 according to landuse change were analyzed through a flow duration analysis based on the total maximum daily loads of the United States. The flow duration analyses undertaken to examine changes in BOD of main river Reach 136 watershed indicated a shift of 0.64 kg/d from 3.16 to 2.52 during high flow. The change of BOD under the conditions of moist, mid-range and dry were 11.9%, 9% and 4.5%. At the low flow condition, the variation range in the BOD load was from 0.58 kg/d to 0.41 kg/d.

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문제 정의

This study used non-point source pollution loads of each watershed units of the Nakdong river basin determined in previous research [20] and the data of land purchases along the study area from 2006 to 2015 to designate buffer zones. The purpose of this study is to simulate the BOD reduction according to the buffer zone setting using the HSPF model.

제안 방법

However, TP concentration was very low in this area and the change of TP with the model would not be expected to occur on the presence or absence of buffer zoned. For these reasons, it was decided to study only BOD among the water quality parameters in this study.
In order to calculate non-point source pollutant load reductions brought on by the creation of buffer zones, i.e., the alteration of landuse pattern, which is the purpose of the study, areas in which large purchases of land are possible and watersheds that are subject to large loads of non-point pollutants must be identified and applied to the HSPF model. The geoprocessing expansion function of Arc-view was used to overlap a map outlining land purchases along the Nakdong river basin to calculate the area of land purchases within the basin.
Considering that the third ranking areas were mostly mountain areas that were difficult to assess changes in water quality, Reach 136, an area in the main river, was additionally selected rather than an area that was upstream from the dam. The 3 selected watersheds including Reach 11 of the Namgang dam watershed, Reach 10 of the Imha dam watershed, and Reach 136 of the main river were applied to the HSPF model to simulate the water quality according to the creation of buffer zones. Before land use conversion, annual averages of BOD values of Namgang dam Reach 11, Imha dam Reach 10 and Reach 136 were 0.
The existing purchased lands were assumed to have been formed as wetlands and forest lands among the five different land cover codes (Urban or Built-up land, Agricultural land, Forest land, Wetland, Water) of the HSPF model and each of the three areas was applied to the HSPF model.
This study used non-point source pollution loads of each watershed units of the Nakdong river basin determined in previous research [20] and the data of land purchases along the study area from 2006 to 2015 to designate buffer zones. The purpose of this study is to simulate the BOD reduction according to the buffer zone setting using the HSPF model.

대상 데이터

Three areas were tied as having the third highest scores, 4 areas were tied as having the 6th highest scores, and 6 areas were tied as having the 10th highest scores. Namgang dam Reach 11 and Imha dam Reach 10 watersheds, which had the highest ranks, were selected to be designated as buffer zones. Considering that the third ranking areas were mostly mountain areas that were difficult to assess changes in water quality, Reach 136, an area in the main river, was additionally selected rather than an area that was upstream from the dam.
In the previous study [19], the verifications of the model were performed with the parameters such as flow rate, biological oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). The flow data from 15 stations were used for the verification of flow and the water quality data of 26 sites within Nakdong river basin were verified in the model. The coefficients of determination, R² of flow rate were satisfied with the parameters including the seasonal patterns.

이론/모형

BOD reductions were analyzed with the flow duration. The flow duration analyses were performed using the TMDLs method of the United States to estimate the BOD. The flow duration analysis was conducted upon applying the five flow duration categories typically: high flows (0-10%), moist conditions (10-40%), mid-range conditions (40-60%), dry conditions (60-90%) and low flows (90-100%) as order of flow.

성능/효과

As shown in Table 5, main river Reach 136 watershed having large amounts of forest lands presented larger measurements of non-point source pollutant loads, and this indicated that non-point source pollutant loads were not directly linked to the status of land use. Although the areas of purchased lands contributed to the reduction of non-point source pollutant loads, the results of this study indicated that a simple increase in the ratio of buffer zones did not necessarily result in the improvements to water quality. Based on these results, the locations and the distances of buffer zones to a river may also be considered as important factors.
17 kg/d in the case of the main river Reach 136 and no differences in the cases of the Namgang dam Reach 11 and the Imha dam Reach 10. In light of the fact that the model presents results in the form of annual averages, changes in the values during the summer season, a period in which non-point source pollutant loads are greatest and the effects of rainfall are the highest, were determined through flow duration analyses.
Based on these results, the locations and the distances of buffer zones to a river may also be considered as important factors. With respect to the methods of reducing non-point source pollutants by designating buffer zones, the results of this study indicated that the length of a buffer zone to a river must be considered to yield an effective buffer effect of a riverine area within a watershed. In consideration of the difficulties associated with ascertaining the appropriate conditions used to designate buffer zones, the establishment of buffer zones in their optimal locations is expected not to be an easy project.

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원문보기 상세보기
Chung SL, Lee DH. Remediation of PCE-contaminated groundwater using permeable reactive barrier system with M0M-Bentonite. J. Soil Groundwater Environ. 2012;17:10-13.
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원문보기 상세보기
Nakdongriver Management Committee. A decision framework for prioritizing riparian area construction. 2016. p. 224-225.

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A study on water quality change by land use change using HSPF 원문보기

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A study on water quality change by land use change using HSPF 원문보기

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