[논문]W-Station을 활용한 고밀도 초미세먼지 모니터링 연구: 제주도 사례

이종원; 박문수; 원완식; 손석우

doi:10.11629/jpaar.2020.16.2.031

W-Station을 활용한 고밀도 초미세먼지 모니터링 연구: 제주도 사례
A study on the monitoring of high-density fine particulate matters using W-station: Case of Jeju island 원문보기

Particle and aerosol research = 한국입자에어로졸학회지, v.16 no.2, 2020년, pp.31 - 47

이종원 (옵저버 주식회사) , 박문수 (한국외국어대학교 대기환경연구센터) , 원완식 (난양기술대학교 기계항공공학부) , 손석우 (서울대학교 지구환경과학부)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Although interest in air quality has increased due to the frequent occurrence of high-concentration fine particulate matter recently, the official fine particulate matter measuring network has failed to provide spatial detailed air quality information. This is because current measurement equipment has a high cost of installation and maintenance, which limits the composition of the measuring network at high resolution. To compensate for the limitations of the current official measuring network, this study constructed a spatial high density measuring network using the fine particulate matter simple measuring device developed by Observer, W-Station. W-Station installed 48 units on Jeju Island and measured PM2.5 for six months. The data collected in W-Station were corrected by applying the first regression equation for each section, and these measurements were compared and analyzed based on the official measurements installed in Jeju Island. As a result, the time series of PM2.5 concentrations measured in W-Station showed concentration characteristics similar to those of the environmental pollution measuring network. In particular, the results of comparing the measurements of W-Station within a 2 km radius of the reference station and the reference station showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.79, 0.81, 0.67, respectively. In addition, for W-Station within a 1 km radius, the coefficient of determination was 0.85, 0.82, 0.68, respectively, showing slightly higher correlation. In addition, the local concentration deviation of some regions could be confirmed through 48 high density measuring networks. These results show that if a network of measurements is constructed with adequate spatial distribution using a number of simple meters with a certain degree of proven performance, the measurements are effective in monitoring local air quality and can be fully utilized to supplement or replace formal measurements.

주제어

표/그림 (11)

그림 Figure 1. Exterior and interior of W-Station.
그림 Figure 2. (a) AirKorea (blue) and W-Stations analyzed in this study. W-Stations are denoted in three different colors: ones within 1-km (green), 2-km (purple) and over 2-km (pink) radius of the reference AirKorea stations. (b, c) W-Stations used in 1:1 comparison (green dots with a photo) in Jeju city and Seogwipo city. The three reference stations are AirKorea-YD at Yeon-dong, AirKorea-ID at Ido-dong, and AirKorea-DD at DongHong-dong. And pink circle shows a 1-km radius at the AirKorea Station.
그림 Figure 3. Time series of hourly PM_2.5 concentrations over 180-day long measurement period: (a) 3 AirKorea stations (AirKorea-YD, AirKorea-ID, and AirKorea-DD), and (b) 48 W-Stations. (c) shows the average value of AirKorea stations and W-Stations over 40 days. And the standard deviation of w-station is the error bar. The time series of hourly PM2.5 concentrations between AirKorea and W-Stations within 2-km radius: (d) AirKorea-YD versus 3W-Stations in Fig. 2b, (e) AirKorea-ID versus 6 W-Stations in Fig. 2b, and (f) AirKorea-DD versus 4 W-Stations in Fig. 2c. All available observations are used
그림 Figure 4. Comparison of hourly PM_2.5 concentrations between AirKorea and the nearest W-Station: (a) AirKorea-YD versus W-Station at 617-m distance in Fig. 2b, (b) AirKorea-ID versus W-Station at 254-m distance in Fig. 2b, and © AirKorea-DD versus W-Station at 954-m distance in Fig. 2c. All available observations are used. Dotted line is a linear regression line.
표 Table 1. Same as Table 1 but for comparison between AirKorea and the nearest W-Station shown in Fig. 4.
그림 Figure 5. Comparison of hourly PM_2.5 concentrations between AirKorea and W-Stations within 2-km radius: (a) AirKorea-YD versus 3 W-Stations in Fig. 3d, (b) AirKorea-ID versus 6 W-Stations in Fig. 3e, and (c) AirKorea-DD versus 4 W-Stations in Fig. 3f. All available observations are used.
표 Table 2. Statistical relationship of hourly PM_2.5 concentrations between AirKorea and area-averaged W-Station measurements shown in Fig. 4. The reference stations are AirKorea-YD at Yeon-dong, AirKorea-ID at Ido-dong, and AirKorea-DD at DongHong-dong. See Fig. 2 for their geographical locations.
그림 Figure 6. The regression coefficient R² (red) is measured as a function of distance between AirKorea and any W-Station.
그림 Figure 7. Hourly PM_2.5 concentrations averaged over 180-day long measurement period: (a) Jeju city and (b) Seogwipo city.
그림 Figure 8. The number of PM_2.5 events in hours: (a) 'Good': less than or equal to 15 ㎍ m^-3, (b) 'Ordinary': more than 15 ㎍ m^-3 and less than or equal to 35 ㎍ m^-3, (c) 'Bad': more than 35 ㎍ m^-3 and less than or equal to 75 ㎍ m^-3, and (d) 'Very bad': more than 75 ㎍ m^-3. Note that color scheme differs in each plot.
표 Table 3. The number of PM_2.5 events in hours:(a) 'Good': less than or equal to 15 ㎍ m^-3, (b) 'Ordinary': more than 15 ㎍ m^-3 and less than or equal to 35 ㎍ m^-3, (c) 'Bad': more than 35 ㎍ m^-3 and less than or equal to 75 ㎍ m^-3, and (d) 'Very bad': more than 75 ㎍ m^-3.

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	기상/대기질 간이측정기 W-Station의 특징은?	본 연구에 사용된 측정기는 (주)옵저버에서 개발한 기상/대기질 간이측정기 W-Station이다(그림 1). W-Station은 다양한 센서를 탑재했음에도 소형화를 통해 작은 크기로 제작되었다(135*147 mm). 기상 센서는 한국기상산업기술원에서 시행하는 기상측기 검정을 통과하였으며, 대기질 측정은 환경부에서 시행하는 초미세먼지 간이측정기 성능인증에서 1등급을 부여 받았다. 입자 크기가 2.5 μm 이하인 물질의 측정성능 평가에서 1등급 기준인 반복재현성 80% 초과, 상대정밀도 80% 초과, 자료획득률 80% 초과, 정확도(결정계수) 0.8 초과의 성능을 보였다.W-Station 내부에는 공기 순환을 위한 팬이 있어서 측정기 아래로부터 공기를 빨아들이고, 초미세먼지 센서를 지난 공기는 사방으로 흘러나간다. W-Station 은 초미세먼지 뿐만 아니라 기온, 기압, 습도, 강수유무 등을 동시에 측정한다.
	국내 초미세먼지 농도 측정 방식은?	국내 초미세먼지 농도는 환경부 및 각 지방자치단 체에서 운영하는 대기오염측정망 측정소에서 매시간 측정된다. 환경부에서는 교외대기측정망, 국가배 경농도측정망을 운영하고, 각 지방자치단체에서는 도시대기측정망과 도로변대기측정망을 운영한다(The Ministry of Environment, 2018).
	측정망을 확대하기위해, 기존과 동일한 장비를 사용하지 않고, 저가 초미 세먼지 센서 또는 간이측정기를 사용하는 이유는?	시공간에 대한 고밀도 초미세먼지 정보를 제공하기 위해 무엇보다 측정망의 확대가 필수이다. 기존 장비와 동일한 장비를 이용한 측정망 확대가 가장 효과적이지만, 장비 구입, 설치, 유지 보수에 대한 막대한 비용으로 인해 현실적으로 큰 제약이 있다 (Ropkins and Colvile, 2000). 이에 대한 대안으로서 공간 고해상도 측정망을 구성하는 데에 저가 초미 세먼지 센서 또는 간이측정기를 활용하는 방안이제시되고 있다(Kamionka et al.

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