[논문]Effect of Kinetic Degrees of Freedom on Hierarchical Organization of Multi-element Synergies during Force Production and Releasing Tasks

Kim, Kitae; Song, Junkyung; Park, Jaebum

doi:10.5103/kjsb.2020.30.2.131

Effect of Kinetic Degrees of Freedom on Hierarchical Organization of Multi-element Synergies during Force Production and Releasing Tasks 원문보기

한국운동역학회지 = Korean journal of sport biomechanics, v.30 no.2, 2020년, pp.131 - 144

Kim, Kitae (Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University) , Song, Junkyung (Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University) , Park, Jaebum (Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of degrees of freedom on the multi-synergies in two hierarchies of human hand system during force production and releasing tasks. Method: In this study, the constrained movements of the aiming and releasing actions using both hands and fingers during archery-like shooting were implemented as experimental tasks. The participants produced a pulling force holding the customized frame (mimicking an archery bow, with a set of force transducers) and kept it consistently for about 5 seconds, and released fingers as quickly as possible in a self-paced manner within the next 5 seconds. An analytical method based on the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis was used to quantify the stability index (synergy index) in two hierarchies including two hands (upper hierarchy) and individual fingers (lower hierarchy). Results: The results confirmed that the positive synergy pattern showed simultaneously at the upper and lower hierarchies, and the kinetic degrees of freedom were associated with the increment of hierarchical synergy indices and the performance indices. Also, the synergy indices of both hierarchies showed significant positive correlations with the performance accuracy during the task. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the human control system actively uses extra degrees of freedom to stabilize task performance variables. Further increasing the degree of freedom at one level of hierarchy induces positive interactions across hierarchical control levels, which in turn positively affects the accuracy and precision of task performance.

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표/그림 (7)

그림 Figure 1. An illustration of the experimental equipment and conditions.
그림 Figure 2. Normalized absolute error (AE) (a) and the variable error (VE) (b) from the nine participants are presented as means and standard errors for each finger combination (IM, IMR, and IMRL).
그림 Figure 3. Normalized force RMS error according to the reference force (RMSE_F) (a) and the target angle error according to the zero angle (RMSE_θ) (b) at the steady-state force production were presented for each condition.
그림 Figure 5. Z-transformed synergy indices for M_TOT stabilization of upper hierarchy (UH_ ΔV_M) and lower hierarchy (LH_ΔV_M) for the IM condition (white bars), IMR condition (gray bars), and IMRL condition (black bars) at each corresponding axis were presented.
그림 Figure 5. Z-transformed synergy indices for MTOT stabilization of upper hierarchy (UH_ ΔVM) and lower hierarchy (LH_ΔVM) for theIM condition (white bars), IMR condition (gray bars), and IMRL condition (black bars) at each corresponding axis were presented.Values are means ± standard errors across the participants
그림 Figure 6. Correlation between the synergy indices of F_TOT and M_TOT stabilization for upper hierarchy (UH_ΔV_F, UH_ΔV_M^X, and UH_ΔV_M^Y) vs. x-axis component of AE (a~c), and synergy indices of lower hierarchy (LH_ΔV_F, LH_ΔV_M^X, and LH_ΔV_M^Z) vs. x-axis component of AE (d~f) were presented.
그림 Figure 7. Correlation between the synergy indices of F_TOT and M_TOT stabilization for upper hierarchy vs. y-axis component of AE (a~c), and synergy indices of lower hierarchy vs. y-axis component of AE (d~f) were presented.

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