[논문]고용형태에 따른 근로자의 위험 및 건강에 대한 비교

오창석; 전희원

doi:10.12811/kshsm.2020.14.1.111

고용형태에 따른 근로자의 위험 및 건강에 대한 비교
Comparison of Occupational Danger and Physical Health Problems of Workers according to the Form of Employment 원문보기

보건의료산업학회지 = The Korean journal of health service management, v.14 no.1, 2020년, pp.111 - 122

오창석 (영산대학교 의료경영학과) , 전희원 (연세대학교 대학원 보건행정학과)

초록
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목적 : 본 연구에서는 간접고용이 직접고용의 고용형태가 위험과 건강에 얼마나 차이를 나타내는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 연구는 안전보건공단 산업안전보건 연구원에서 2017년에 실시한 5차 근로환경조사(Korean Working Conditions Survey: KWCS)자료를 바탕으로 조사하였다. 결과 : 보건업에서 위험 요인 노출의 경우 파견, 용역에 비해 직접고용의 위험 노출이 더 높게 나타났다. 반면 건설업에서는 직접고용보다 파견과 용역에서 위험 노출이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 고용형태에 따른 건강영향의 교차분석을 실시하였다. 교차분석의 결과 직접고용과 외주에 따라 업무가 건강에 위해하지 않음과 위해함의 비율에 대한 차이는 유의하게 나타났고, 직접고용에 비해 외주의 경우 위험도는 2.18배 높게 나타났다. 결론 : 파견과 용역의 고용형태는 직접고용에 비교하여 근로자가 더 위험에 노출되어 있는 것으로 답변하였다. 또한 직접고용에 비해 외주는 근로자의 건강위해에 2배 가까운 위험도를 나타냈다. 이를 해결하기 위해 파견과 용역의 파트너에게 위험하거나 힘든 일을 전가하는 것이 아닌 사업의 전략적 파트너로서 간주할 필요가 있다. 즉 파견, 용역 근로자의 안전보건을 위해 계약에서의 원청업체의 능동적이고 적극적인 협력 및 지원이 필요하다. 이 연구를 통해 위험을 둘러싼 근로 환경과 규범이 재구성되어, 모든 근로자에게 더 안전하고 건강한 직장환경이 조성되기를 기대한다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Objectives: The study aims to compare indirect form of employment with direct form of employment on the variables of occupational danger and physical health. Methods: I studied based on the data of 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) which was performed by Occupational Safety & Health Research Institute of Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency in 2017. SAS 9.4 was used for statistical analysis of the final data. Results: Based on the verification result, the hazard is higher for direct employment than for dispatch or subcontract in case of exposure to risks in the health and social welfare industry. Based on cross tabulation, significant differences were found in the proportions of harmful and safe tasks in direct employment and those in outsourcing in the physical health industry. It was found that the risk of hazard is 2.18 times higher in outsourcing jobs than in direct employment. Conclusions: It is necessary to consider a dispatch and subcontract partner as a strategic partner and not simply hand over dangerous or hard tasks to them. Active and aggressive cooperation along with support from the employer enterprise built in the contract is necessary for the safety and health of dispatch or subcontract laborers.

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문제 정의

This study aims to present the differences between employees’ exposure to occupational danger and physical health of the dispatch and subcontracted workers, which is defined as indirect employment, compared to that of direct employment. The study also aims to understand the differences between exposure to risks, health conditions, safety, psychological conditions, and satisfaction between direct and indirect employees in the health and social services industry. Further cross tabulation of health problems according to different forms of employment, naturally leading to the risk of health conditions of different forms of employments.
This study aims to present the differences between employees’ exposure to occupational danger and physical health of the dispatch and subcontracted workers, which is defined as indirect employment, compared to that of direct employment.

제안 방법

The study analyzed the differences in physical health problems, exposure to risks, occupational danger, change of mood, and satisfaction with the working environment between indirect and direct employment, that is outsourcing in the form of employment. Also, the risk was analyzed by a cross analysis of health issues according to the form of employment.Based on the results of this study, there was a meaningful difference between the risk factors according to the form of employment based on the results of comparison analysis for the average exposure to risks, occupational danger, satisfaction with working environment, and physical health problems according to the form of employment in each type of occupation.
Also, the risk was analyzed by a cross analysis of health issues according to the form of employment.Based on the results of this study, there was a meaningful difference between the risk factors according to the form of employment based on the results of comparison analysis for the average exposure to risks, occupational danger, satisfaction with working environment, and physical health problems according to the form of employment in each type of occupation. Examining post verification results in detail, in case of exposure to risks in health and social welfare industry, the exposure to risks in direct employment is higher than dispatch and subcontracted employment.
4 was used for statistical analysis of the final data. Frequency analysis, square contingency analysis, and technical statistics were used to identify demographic characteristics of those surveyed. A covariate analysis (ANCOVA) that controlled age and size of organization was conducted to verify the differences in key variables according to form of employment.
The study analyzed the differences in physical health problems, exposure to risks, occupational danger, change of mood, and satisfaction with the working environment between indirect and direct employment, that is outsourcing in the form of employment. Also, the risk was analyzed by a cross analysis of health issues according to the form of employment.
This study selected categories related to- risks, health conditions, safety from KWCS categories, and set the first analysis sample target as being Korean born, a paid worker who works more than 4 days a week among a total number of 50,205 workers. Those who were not sure where their salary came from or where they worked, and refused to answer, were exempted;　consequently, a total of 28,038 were initially selected.

대상 데이터

For statistical verification, analysis covered 5,873 workers who were employed in at least five by types of employment (direct employment, dispatch, subcontracting) based on the Korean Standard Industry Classification from the first selection. Type of occupation included 3 major jobs, 1,856 people in the construction industry, 1,476 people in business facilities management, and business support services, and 2,541 in the health and social welfare services.

데이터처리

Frequency analysis, square contingency analysis, and technical statistics were used to identify demographic characteristics of those surveyed. A covariate analysis (ANCOVA) that controlled age and size of organization was conducted to verify the differences in key variables according to form of employment. ANCOVA was used to test for differences in form of employment.

이론/모형

Age contained both actual age recorded and size of the organization to consider the scale of organization. The Bonferroni method was used for post-hoc analysis.
This study was designed based on the 5th KWCS (Korean Working Conditions Survey) conducted by the Institute for Industrial Safety and Health at Korea Health and Safety Corporation in 2017. In order to increase credibility, the study was approved by the institutional review board (IRB) at the IRB Center in Young-san University (YSUIRB-201910-HR-057-02).

성능/효과

Mood change for 2 weeks: An average of 5 questions were asked with regards to moods such as ‘I was exciting and happy ,’ ‘I was calm and relaxed,’ ‘I was lively and energetic,’ ‘I felt refreshed,’ and ‘I had interesting things in my daily life.
86 percent in indirect employment stated this. The results of square contingency indicated significant differences in the proportion of work without health issues and outsourced employees showed 2.18 times higher risk compared to that of direct employment employees. Cross examination of the health effects according to form of employment has shown that health effects are not independent.
Outsourced laborers were verified by variables combining the employment patterns of dispatch and subcontracted employees. The results of the square contingency indicated significant differences in the proportion of the work in terms of harming health, for direct employment and indirect employment, and the odds ratio (risk) was 2.18 times higher for indirect employment compared to direct employment.

후속연구

Risk is not a fixed object or a state of being vulnerable to danger, but a matter of social norms surrounding the cause. This study hopefully expects to reconstruct the working environment and norms surrounding risks, creating a safer and healthier working environment for all employees.

참고문헌 (19)

http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/1/3/2/index.board
K.S. Moon, J.Y. Ahn, T.I Jang, S.Z. Oah(2017), Is the Risk Unloaded on Dispatch and Service Supplier, Jounal of the Korea Society of Safety, Vol.32(1);90-98.
Ministry of Labor(2008), Reference Materials for Dispatch, Subcontract Classification.
K.G. Abraham, S.K. Taylor(1993), Firms' Use of Outside Contractors : Theory and Evidence (No. w4468), National Bureau of Economic Research.Vol.14(3);394-424.
M. Sharpe(1997), Outsourcing, Organizational Competitiveness, and Work, Journal of Labor Research, Vol. 18(4);535-549.

상세보기
http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/View/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CDA0002584137
H.M. Park(2016), Euljiro Committee Joint State Audit: In KEPCO, the Number of Accident Casualties of Irregular Workers were 39 Times to that of regular workers, Environment TV News, Retrieved from http://www.greenpostkorea.co.kr/news/article.html?no68536.
K.Y. Rhee(2014), Analysis of Health Inequality by the Type of Employment on Health among Employees- Pathway of the Effect via the Exposure of Hazardous Factors, Journal of Korea Safety Management & Science, Vol. 16(2);81-90.
S.C. Shin, M.C. Kim(2007), The Effect of Occupation and Employment Status upon Perceived Health in South Korea, Health and Social Science, Vol. (22);205-224.
J.W. Park, M.S. Jung(2008), Precarious Worker"s Employment Stability and Health Status Difference using Generalized Estimating Equation Model, Korea Journal of Social Issues Vol. 9(2);77-103.
J.S. Lee, J.K. Ahn(2016), A Study on Risk-exposure Degree in Working Conditions: Comparative Analysis by Employment Type, Korean Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 26(1);147-173.
K.D. Plessis, D. Cronin, T. Corney, E. Green(2013), Australian Blue-Collar Men's Health and Well-being: Contextual Issues for Workplace Health Promotion Interventions, Health Promotion Practice, Vol. 14(5);715-720.

상세보기
J.C.E. Quick, L.E. Tetrick(2003), Handbook of Occupational Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.
S. Leka, J. Houdmont(2010), Occupational health psychology (Eds.), John Wiley & Sons.
R. Niemela, S. Rautio, M. Hannula, K. Reijula(2002), Work Environment Effects on Labor Productivity: An Intervention Study in a Storage Building, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Vol. 42(4); 328-335.

상세보기
S.H. Kang, J.K. Ahn(2013). Training Effects on Wage and Employment Security by the Non-Standard Worker Types, Labor Economic Review, Vol. 36(1);63-91.
J.Y. Ahn, S.M. Jung(2012). Wage Gap between Regular and Irregular Employees According to Employment Type: Analysis by industry, Korea Labor Institute, pp.1-203.
J.H Jeon (2019), New risk, Labor outsourcing and the cross-over of risk, Culture Science, Vol.(98);36-63.
H.S. Lee, J.W. Kim, S.H. Kim, S.K. Hwang(2012), The Effect of Worker's Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention of Hospital Welfare, The Korean Journal of Health Service Management, Vol 6(3);107-115.

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고용형태에 따른 근로자의 위험 및 건강에 대한 비교
Comparison of Occupational Danger and Physical Health Problems of Workers according to the Form of Employment 원문보기

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고용형태에 따른 근로자의 위험 및 건강에 대한 비교 Comparison of Occupational Danger and Physical Health Problems of Workers according to the Form of Employment 원문보기

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고용형태에 따른 근로자의 위험 및 건강에 대한 비교
Comparison of Occupational Danger and Physical Health Problems of Workers according to the Form of Employment 원문보기

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