[논문]A new species of marine algae from Korea based on morphology and molecular data: Gelidium palmatum sp. nov. (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta)

Boo, Ga Hun; Kim, Kyeong Mi

doi:10.4490/algae.2020.35.3.6

A new species of marine algae from Korea based on morphology and molecular data: Gelidium palmatum sp. nov. (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) 원문보기

Algae, v.35 no.1, 2020년, pp.33 - 43

Boo, Ga Hun (Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University) , Kim, Kyeong Mi (Department of Taxonomy, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Two species of the agar-yielding genus Gelidium, G. galapagense and G. isabelae, have previously been reported from Korea but their occurrence has not been confirmed with molecular data. We intensively collected samples of Gelidium from Jeju Island, where the two species were reported, and the southern coast of Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on cox1 and rbcL sequences revealed that only a single species occurred in Korea. The Korean species was distantly related to G. galapagense and G. isabelae from the Galápagos Islands, and formed a clade with G. microdonticum, G. millarianum, and G. pakistanicum. A new species, G. palmatum, is described for those specimens that were previously recognized as either G. galapagense or G. isabelae from Korea. G. palmatum is small in size (up to 0.7 cm), with compressed, lanceolate axes, irregular, digitate to palmate branches, abundant rhizines in the medulla, tetrasporangial sori without sterile margins, and rounded bilocular cystocarps borne subapically on palmate branchlets.

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문제 정의

The objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence of G. galapagense and G. isabelae in Korea and to provide a phylogeny to clarify the identities of Korean species. We intensively collected specimens that were morphologically similar to the descriptions of Korean G.

제안 방법

2006). Sequences of the forward and reverse strands were determined for all taxa, and the electropherograms were edited using MEGA7 (Kumar et al. 2016) and checked manually. Newly generated sequences were deposited in GenBank.
Newly generated sequences were deposited in GenBank. Sequences were aligned using the MUSCLE algorithm in MEGA7 with default parameters and the alignment was manually adjusted. Three outgroup species representing three other genera in the Gelidiaceae (Boo et al.

대상 데이터

Isotypes. CNU059009, CNU059010, CNU059011, and CNU059013 in CNUK, Korea.
For anatomical observation, plants were sectioned using razor blades and were stained with 1% aqueous aniline blue. Photographs were taken with a DP-71 camera (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) mounted on a BX-51 microscope (Olympus). Holotype, isotype and paratype specimens are housed at the Herbarium of the Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (CNUK) (Thiers 2019).
Specimens were collected in the intertidal zone at Goheung and Wando on the southern coast of Korea, and at Jeju Island (Supplementary Table S1). They were mounted on herbarium sheets and subsamples were dehydrated in silica gels for DNA sequencing.

이론/모형

The BI analyses were performed for individual datasets with MrBayes v.3.2.1 (Ronquist et al. 2012) using the Metropolis-coupled Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MC3) with the GTR + G + I model.
Phylogenies of cox1 and rbcL datasets were reconstructed using maximum likelihood (ML) and bayesian inference (BI). The best-fitting nucleotide substitution model was selected using jModelTest v2.1.10 (Darriba et al. 2012) with Akaike Information Criteria. The ML analyses were performed using the Pthreads version of RAxML v8.

성능/효과

Five rbcL sequences from Korean Gelidium palmatum formed a distinct clade that also contained G. ‘millarianum’ from Hong Kong (100% ML, 1.0 BPP).
G. palmatum formed a strongly supported clade with G. microdonticum, G. millarianum, G. pakistanicum, G. ‘isabelae’ from Western Australia, G. ‘isabelae’ from South Africa, G. ‘isabelae’ from Spain, and G. ‘millarianum’ from Taiwan (99% ML, 1.0 BPP).
G. palmatum was distinct enough to be segregated from other species of Gelidium; pairwise divergences of G. palmatum were 2.7-3.2% with G. millarianum, 4.8-5.0% with G. pakistanicum, 5.1-5.4% with G. microdonticum, 2.6-3.5% with G. ‘isabelae’ from Spain, and 3.5-3.7% with G. ‘isabelae’ from Western Australia.
In conclusion, our study reveals that the Korean reports of two Gelidium species with type localities in the Galápagos Islands result from misidentifications due to their small size and simple morphology.
The rbcL phylogeny (Fig. 4) confirmed the strong monophyly of the genus Gelidium (100% ML, 1.0 BPP). Five rbcL sequences from Korean Gelidium palmatum formed a distinct clade that also contained G.
Three outgroup species representing three other genera in the Gelidiaceae (Boo et al. 2016b), Capreolia implexa Guiry & Womersley, Gelidiophycus freshwateri G. H. Boo, J. K. Park & S. M. Boo, and Ptilophora spongiophila G. H. Boo, L. Le Gall, I. K. Hwang, K. A. Miller & S. M. Boo, were included in the alignment.

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