[논문]원위치 X-ray CT 촬영이 가능한 암석의 수리-역학 실험용 삼축셀 개발

장리; 염선; 신휴성

doi:10.7843/kgs.2020.36.9.45

원위치 X-ray CT 촬영이 가능한 암석의 수리-역학 실험용 삼축셀 개발
Development of Triaxial Cells Operable with In Situ X-ray CT for Hydro-Mechanical Laboratory Testing of Rocks 원문보기

韓國地盤工學會論文集 = Journal of the Korean geotechnical society, v.36 no.9, 2020년, pp.45 - 55

장리 (한국건설기술연구원 극한환경연구센터) , 염선 (한국건설기술연구원 극한환경연구센터) , 신휴성 (한국건설기술연구원 미래융합연구본부)

초록
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X-ray CT는 암석시편의 공극 및 균열과 같은 내부 미세구조와 손상들의 정량적 분석에 활용되어 왔다. 원위치 CT는 외력 등 다양한 외적 요인에 영향을 받고 있는 암석 시편의 내외부 변화 과정을 관찰할 수 있게 해준다. 이의 확인을 위해, 암반/지반재료 특성분석에 활용한 원위치 X-ray CT 기술에 관한 최신 연구동향을 파악하였으며, 원위치 CT이미징이 가능한 암석의 수리-역학적 실험용 삼축셀을 개발하였다. 직경 25~50 mm 화강암 및 사암 코아시편의 원위치 CT이미징이 성공적으로 진행되었으며, 34~105 ㎛ 범위의 픽셀피치의 해상도를 취득할 수 있었다. 본 사전검토 촬영 실험을 통해 마이크로미터 스케일에서 암석의 내부구조 변화의 원위치 CT관찰이 가능한 것을 파악하였다. 요오드화 칼륨 용액은 CT이미지의 대비를 증가시키고 암석의 수리-역학 실험에서 주입유체로 사용할 수 있다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is very useful for the quantitative evaluation of internal structures, particularly defects in rock samples, such as pores and fractures. In situ CT allows 3D imaging of a sample subjected to various external treatments such as loading and therefore enables observation of changes that occur during the loading process. We reviewed state-of-the-art of in situ CT applications for geomaterials. Two triaxial cells made using relatively low density but high strength materials were developed aimed at in situ CT scanning during hydro-mechanical laboratory testing of rocks. Preliminary results for in situ CT imaging of granite and sandstone samples with diameters ranging from 25 mm to 50 mm show a resolution range of 34~105 ㎛ per pixel pitch, indicating the feasibility of in situ CT observations for internal structural changes in rocks at the micrometer scale. Potassium iodide solution was found to improve the image contrast, and can be used as an injection fluid for hydro-mechanical testing combined with in situ CT scanning.

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표/그림 (7)

그림 Fig. 1. Schematic representation of in situ industrial CT scanning. Cylinder represents sample (scanning object), the line segments in the water blue represents fluid flow, and the dashed arrows signify mechanical loading
$Fig. 2. 3D reconstruction of CT showing the progressive damage in the coal specimen subjected to axial compressive load under 15 MPa confining pressure. The green color represents fracture networks, and line drawings represent fractures in a cross section (after Ju et al., 2018)$ 그림 Fig. 2. 3D reconstruction of CT showing the progressive damage in the coal specimen subjected to axial compressive load under 15 MPa confining pressure. The green color represents fracture networks, and line drawings represent fractures in a cross section (after Ju et al., 2018)
$Fig. 3. Triaxial cell made from (a) steel and (b) engineering plastic designed for a hydraulic fracturing test coupled with in situ CT scanning; (c) and (d) show 2D cross-sectional images of a 50-mm-diameter Pocheon granite sample containing fractures corresponding to the steel and EP triaxial cells in (a) and (b), respectively (Modified from Zhuang et al., 2018a)$ 그림 Fig. 3. Triaxial cell made from (a) steel and (b) engineering plastic designed for a hydraulic fracturing test coupled with in situ CT scanning; (c) and (d) show 2D cross-sectional images of a 50-mm-diameter Pocheon granite sample containing fractures corresponding to the steel and EP triaxial cells in (a) and (b), respectively (Modified from Zhuang et al., 2018a)
그림 Fig. 4. Cross-sectional CT image of a transversely isotropic Berea sandstone sample installed inside the EP cell and subject to a vertical stress of 30 MPa. Scanning condition: SOD of 183.3 mm, voltage of 150 kVp, and current of 0.2 mA
그림 Fig. 5. Hydro-mechanical laboratory testing of rocks in an X-ray scanning chamber. (a) Triaxial cell, (b) schematic diagram of the testing system. The blue curves represent fluid flow in the sample
$Fig. 6. Comparison of cross-sectional CT images obtained for a Pocheon granite sample containing a single hydraulic fracture: (a) ex situ scanning with an SOD of 85.1 mm, voltage of 160 kVp and current of 0.16 mA, (b) in situ scanning inside the triaxial cell with an SOD of 152.9 mm, voltage of 160 kVp and current of 0.18 mA$ 그림 Fig. 6. Comparison of cross-sectional CT images obtained for a Pocheon granite sample containing a single hydraulic fracture: (a) ex situ scanning with an SOD of 85.1 mm, voltage of 160 kVp and current of 0.16 mA, (b) in situ scanning inside the triaxial cell with an SOD of 152.9 mm, voltage of 160 kVp and current of 0.18 mA
$Fig. 7. Comparison of CT images obtained for fractured granite specimens via water injection: (a) and (c) before, (b) and (d) after saturation with 50% concentration KI solution. The original hydraulic fracture in (a) that is almost invisible to the unaided eye is marked by arrows$ 그림 Fig. 7. Comparison of CT images obtained for fractured granite specimens via water injection: (a) and (c) before, (b) and (d) after saturation with 50% concentration KI solution. The original hydraulic fracture in (a) that is almost invisible to the unaided eye is marked by arrows

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제안 방법

In this study, we first review state-of-the-art of in situ CT applications for study of geomaterials. Then, we introduced two triaxial cells designed for laboratory experimental investigation of hydro-mechanical behavior of rocks, coupled with in situ CT scanning.
In this study, we first review state-of-the-art of in situ CT applications for study of geomaterials. Then, we introduced two triaxial cells designed for laboratory experimental investigation of hydro-mechanical behavior of rocks, coupled with in situ CT scanning. A preliminary attempt for in situ CT imaging of granite and sandstone are presented.

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	X-ray CT는 어떻게 활용되는가?	X-ray CT는 암석시편의 공극 및 균열과 같은 내부 미세구조와 손상들의 정량적 분석에 활용되어 왔다. 원위치 CT는 외력 등 다양한 외적 요인에 영향을 받고 있는 암석 시편의 내외부 변화 과정을 관찰할 수 있게 해준다.
	원위치 CT는 무엇을 관찰할 수 있는가?	X-ray CT는 암석시편의 공극 및 균열과 같은 내부 미세구조와 손상들의 정량적 분석에 활용되어 왔다. 원위치 CT는 외력 등 다양한 외적 요인에 영향을 받고 있는 암석 시편의 내외부 변화 과정을 관찰할 수 있게 해준다. 이의 확인을 위해, 암반/지반재료 특성분석에 활용한 원위치 X-ray CT 기술에 관한 최신 연구동향을 파악하였으며, 원위치 CT이미징이 가능한 암석의 수리-역학적 실험용 삼축셀을 개발하였다.
	원위치 CT이미징에 CT 이미지의 대비를 증가시키고 암석의 수리-역학 실험에서 주입 유체로 사용한 것은 무엇인가?	본 사전검토 촬영 실험을 통해 마이크로미터 스케일에서 암석의 내부구조 변화의 원위치 CT관찰이 가능한 것을 파악하였다. 요오드화 칼륨 용액은 CT이미지의 대비를 증가시키고 암석의 수리-역학 실험에서 주입유체로 사용할 수 있다.

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