Effect of Timed Artificial Insemination Protocols on the Pregnancy Rate Per Insemination and Pregnancy Loss in Dairy Cows and Korean Native Cattle under Heat Stress원문보기
Uhm, Hyun-Boem
(College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University)
,
Jeong, Jae-Kwan
(College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University)
,
Kang, Hyun-Gu
(College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University)
,
Kim, Ill-Hwa
(College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University)
We aimed to determine the effect of timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols on the pregnancy rate per insemination and pregnancy loss compared with AI performed at detected estrus in dairy cows and Korean Hanwoo cattle under heat stress. In dairy cattle, 1,250 sets of data that underwent AI du...
We aimed to determine the effect of timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols on the pregnancy rate per insemination and pregnancy loss compared with AI performed at detected estrus in dairy cows and Korean Hanwoo cattle under heat stress. In dairy cattle, 1,250 sets of data that underwent AI during heat stress (temperature-humidity index ≥ 72) were categorized according to their TAI protocols or as controls: 1) PGF2α-36 h-estradiol benzoate (EB)-36 h-TAI (PG-EB group, n = 113); 2) GnRH-7 days-PGF2α-56 h-GnRH-16 h-TAI (Ovsynch group, n = 455); or 3) GnRH-6 days-Ovsynch (G6G group, n = 136). The remaining cows underwent AI at detected estrus (AIDE group, n = 546). The probability of pregnancy per AI 45 days after AI was higher (P < 0.01) in the PG-EB (odds ratio [OR]: 1.68), Ovsynch (OR: 1.48), and G6G (OR: 1.79) groups than in the AIDE group. However, the prevalence of pregnancy loss between 30 and 45 days after AI did not differ among the groups. In Hanwoo cattle, 617 sets of data inseminated artificially under heat stress were categorized into AIDE (n = 281), PG-EB (n = 194), and combined Ovsynch or G6G (n = 142) groups. The probability of pregnancy per AI 45 days after AI and the prevalence of pregnancy loss between 30 and 45 days after AI did not differ among the groups. Thus, implementation of a TAI protocol (PG-EB, Ovsynch, or G6G) in dairy cows under heat stress improves the pregnancy rate per AI versus AIDE, whereas there is no beneficial effect of TAI on the pregnancy rate of Hanwoo cattle under heat stress.
We aimed to determine the effect of timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols on the pregnancy rate per insemination and pregnancy loss compared with AI performed at detected estrus in dairy cows and Korean Hanwoo cattle under heat stress. In dairy cattle, 1,250 sets of data that underwent AI during heat stress (temperature-humidity index ≥ 72) were categorized according to their TAI protocols or as controls: 1) PGF2α-36 h-estradiol benzoate (EB)-36 h-TAI (PG-EB group, n = 113); 2) GnRH-7 days-PGF2α-56 h-GnRH-16 h-TAI (Ovsynch group, n = 455); or 3) GnRH-6 days-Ovsynch (G6G group, n = 136). The remaining cows underwent AI at detected estrus (AIDE group, n = 546). The probability of pregnancy per AI 45 days after AI was higher (P < 0.01) in the PG-EB (odds ratio [OR]: 1.68), Ovsynch (OR: 1.48), and G6G (OR: 1.79) groups than in the AIDE group. However, the prevalence of pregnancy loss between 30 and 45 days after AI did not differ among the groups. In Hanwoo cattle, 617 sets of data inseminated artificially under heat stress were categorized into AIDE (n = 281), PG-EB (n = 194), and combined Ovsynch or G6G (n = 142) groups. The probability of pregnancy per AI 45 days after AI and the prevalence of pregnancy loss between 30 and 45 days after AI did not differ among the groups. Thus, implementation of a TAI protocol (PG-EB, Ovsynch, or G6G) in dairy cows under heat stress improves the pregnancy rate per AI versus AIDE, whereas there is no beneficial effect of TAI on the pregnancy rate of Hanwoo cattle under heat stress.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
문제 정의
In addition, the effects of the implementation of TAI protocols on reproductive outcomes have not been documented in Hanwoo cattle that are subjected to heat stress. Therefore, the objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effect of TAI protocols (PG-EB, Ovsynch, or G6G) on the pregnancy rate per AI and the incidence of pregnancy loss, in compared with AI performed at detected estrus in dairy cows and Hanwoo cattle under heat stress.
제안 방법
Drinking water was provided ad libitum. All the barns in which this study was conducted were equipped with fans and shade during the hot months of the year (May to October). The mean milk yields for the farms were 10,203-11,192 kg per cow per year.
In the first part of the study, 1,250 sets of data (inseminations of 442 primiparous and 808 multiparous cows) from 507 dairy cows inseminated artificially under condition of heat stress (THI ≥72) were categorized according to which of the three TAI protocols they underwent or as controls.
In the second part of the study, 617 sets of data (122 from heifer inseminations and 495 from cow inseminations) from 406 Hanwoo cattle that were inseminated artificially under conditions of heat stress (THI ≥72) were categorized into AIDE (n = 281), PG-EB (n = 194), or combined Ovsynch or G6G (combined n = 142) groups.
In this retrospective study, we compered the effects of TAI protocols, such as PG-EB, Ovsynch, or G6G, on the pregnancy rate per AI and incidence of pregnancy loss, with AIDE in dairy cows and Hanwoo cattle during periods of heat stress. The results show that all of the PG-EB, Ovsynch, or G6G protocols improved the probability of pregnancy per AI compared with AIDE in heat-stressed dairy cows, whereas there were no beneficial effects of the TAI protocols on the probability of pregnancy per AI in Hanwoo cattle.
The probability of pregnancy per AI 45 days after AI in dairy cows under heat stress was analyzed by logistic regression using the LOGISTIC procedure. The logistic regression model included treatment group (AIDE, PG-EB, Ovsynch, and G6G), herd size, parity, peri- or postpartum disorders (including dystocia, retained placenta, ketosis, abomasal displacement, or clinical endometritis), and AI year, and the interactions between these variables. The same analysis was applied to the probability of pregnancy per AI 45 days after AI in Hanwoo cattle under heat stress.
The same analysis was applied to the probability of pregnancy per AI 45 days after AI in Hanwoo cattle under heat stress. The logistic regression model included treatment group (AIDE, PG-EB, and Ovsynch or G6G), herd size, parity, and AI year, and the interactions between these variables. Backward stepwise regression was used in all models, and elimination was performed according to the Wald statistic criterion when P > 0.
대상 데이터
The retrospective study was performed in 10 dairy and 13 Hanwoo farms located in Seasan city, Chungnam province. Each dairy farm contained 35 to 126 milking cows.
데이터처리
A comparison of the monthly mean maximum THI during 2015-2019 was carried out using an analysis of variance, followed by Duncan’s multiple range tests.
Backward stepwise regression was used in all models, and elimination was performed according to the Wald statistic criterion when P > 0.11.
이론/모형
The incidence of pregnancy loss between 30 and 45 days after AI was compared between the AIDE, PG-EB, Ovsynch, and G6G groups of dairy cows, and between the AIDE, PGEB, and Ovsynch or G6G groups of Hanwoo cattle, using the Fisher’s exact test.
The probability of pregnancy per AI 45 days after AI in dairy cows under heat stress was analyzed by logistic regression using the LOGISTIC procedure. The logistic regression model included treatment group (AIDE, PG-EB, Ovsynch, and G6G), herd size, parity, peri- or postpartum disorders (including dystocia, retained placenta, ketosis, abomasal displacement, or clinical endometritis), and AI year, and the interactions between these variables.
성능/효과
In these analyses, the probability of pregnancy per AI 45 days after AI and the probability of pregnancy loss between 30 and 45 days of gestation after AI in each treatment group were compared in both dairy cows and Hanwoo cattle under conditions of heat stress.
In this retrospective study, we compered the effects of TAI protocols, such as PG-EB, Ovsynch, or G6G, on the pregnancy rate per AI and incidence of pregnancy loss, with AIDE in dairy cows and Hanwoo cattle during periods of heat stress. The results show that all of the PG-EB, Ovsynch, or G6G protocols improved the probability of pregnancy per AI compared with AIDE in heat-stressed dairy cows, whereas there were no beneficial effects of the TAI protocols on the probability of pregnancy per AI in Hanwoo cattle. In addition, the TAI protocols did not affect the incidence of pregnancy loss between 30 and 45 days after AI in either dairy or Hanwoo cattle.
참고문헌 (50)
Al-Katanani YM, Webb DW, Hansen PJ. Factors affecting seasonal variation in 90-day nonreturn rate to first service in lactating Holstein cows in a hot climate. J Dairy Sci 1999; 82: 2611-2616.
Al-Katanani YM, Paula-Lopes FF, Hansen PJ. Effect of season and exposure to heat stress on oocyte competence in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85: 390-396.
Bello NM, Steibel JP, Pursley JR. Optimizing ovulation to first GnRH improved outcomes to each hormonal injection of Ovsynch in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89: 3413-3424.
Bernabucci U, Lacetera N, Baumgard LH, Rhoads RP, Ronchi B, Nardone A. Metabolic and hormonal acclimation to heat stress in domesticated ruminants. Animal 2010; 4: 1167-1183.
Burke JM, Spiers DE, Kojima FN, Perry GA, Salfen BE, Wood SL, Patterson DJ, Smith MF, Lucy MC, Jackson WG, Piper EL. Interaction of endophyte-infected fescue and heat stress on ovarian function in the beef heifer. Biol Reprod 2001; 65: 260-268.
Cartmill JA, Ei-Zarkouny SZ, Hensley BA, Rozell TG, Smith JF, Stevenson JS. An alternative AI breeding protocol for dairy cows exposed to elevated ambient temperatures before or after calving or both. J Dairy Sci 2001; 84: 799-806.
Cook N, Oetzel G, Nordlund K. Modern techniques for monitoring high-producing dairy cows. 1. Principles of herdlevel diagnoses. In Practice 2006; 28: 510-515.
De la Sota RL, Burke JM, Risco CA, Moreira F, DeLorenzo MA, Thatcher WW. Evaluation of timed insemination during summer heat stress in lactating dairy cattle. Theriogenology 1998; 49: 761-770.
De Rensis F, Marconi P, Capelli T, Gatti F, Facciolongo F, Franzini S, Scaramuzzi RJ. Fertility in postpartum dairy cows in winter or summer following estrus synchronization and fixed time AI after the induction of an LH surge with GnRH or hCG. Theriogenology 2002; 58: 1675-1687.
De Rensis F, Garcia-Ispierto I, Lopez-Gatius F. Seasonal heat stress: Clinical implications and hormone treatments for the fertility of dairy cows. Theriogenology 2015; 84: 659-666.
Dirandeh E, Rezaei Roodbari A, Colazo MG. Double-Ovsynch, compared with presynch with or without GnRH, improves fertility in heat-stressed lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology 2015; 83: 438-443.
Ealy AD, Arechiga CF, Bray DR, Risco CA, Hansen PJ. Effectiveness of short-term cooling and vitamin E for alleviation of infertility induced by heat stress in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1994; 77: 3601-3607.
El-Tarabany MS, El-Tarabany AA. Impact of maternal heat stress at insemination on the subsequent reproductive performance of Holstein, Brown Swiss, and their crosses. Theriogenology 2015; 84: 1523-1529.
Garcia-Ispierto I, Lopez-Gatius F, Santolaria P, Yaniz JL, Nogareda C, Lopez-Bejar M, De Rensis F. Relationship between heat stress during the peri-implantation period and early fetal loss in dairy cattle. Theriogenology 2006; 65: 799-807.
Garcia-Ispierto I, De Rensis F, Perez-Salas JA, Nunes JM, Prades B, Serrano-Perez B, Lopez-Gatius F. The GnRH analogue dephereline given in a fixed-time AI protocol improves ovulation and embryo survival in dairy cows. Res Vet Sci 2019; 122: 170-174.
Gernand E, Konig S, Kipp C. Influence of on-farm measurements for heat stress indicators on dairy cow productivity, female fertility, and health. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102: 6660-6671.
Jeong JK, Kang HG, Hur TY, Kim IH. Synchronization using $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ and estradiol with or without GnRH for timed artificial insemination in dairy cows. J Reprod Dev 2013; 59: 97-101.
Karami Shabankareh H, Zandi M, Ganjali M. First service pregnancy rates following post-AI use of hCG in Ovsynch and Heatsynch programmes in lactating dairy cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 45: 711-716.
Mitlohner FM, Galyean ML, McGlone JJ. Shade effects on performance, carcass traits, physiology, and behavior of heatstressed feedlot heifers. J Anim Sci 2002; 80: 2043-2050.
Morton JM, Tranter WP, Mayer DG, Jonsson NN. Effects of environmental heat on conception rates in lactating dairy cows: Critical periods of exposure. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90: 2271-2278.
Negron-Perez VM, Fausnacht DW, Rhoads ML. Management strategies capable of improving the reproductive performance of heat-stressed dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102: 10695-10710.
Peters MW, Pursley JR. Fertility of lactating dairy cows treated with Ovsynch after presynchronization injections of $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ and GnRH. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85: 2403-2406.
Pursley JR, Mee MO, Wiltbank MC. Synchronization of ovulation in dairy cows using $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ and GnRH. Theriogenology 1995; 44: 915-923.
Putney DJ, Drost M, Thatcher WW. Embryonic development in superovulated dairy cattle exposed to elevated ambient temperatures between days 1 to 7 post insemination. Theriogenology 1988; 30: 195-209.
Ravagnolo O, Misztal I, Hoogenboom G. Genetic component of heat stress in dairy cattle, development of heat index function. J Dairy Sci 2000; 83: 2120-2125.
Romano JE, Thompson JA, Kraemer DC, Westhusin ME, Forrest DW, Tomaszweski MA. Early pregnancy diagnosis by palpation per rectum: Influence on embryo/fetal viability in dairy cattle. Theriogenology 2007; 67: 486-493.
Roth Z, Meidan R, Braw-Tal R, Wolfenson D. Immediate and delayed effects of heat stress on follicular development and its association with plasma FSH and inhibin concentration in cows. J Reprod Fertil 2000; 120: 83-90.
Santos JEP, Thatcher WW, Chebel RC, Cerri RLA, Galvao KN. The effect of embryonic death rates in cattle on the efficacy of estrus synchronization programs. Anim Reprod Sci 2004; 82-83: 513-535.
Sartori R, Sartor-Bergfelt R, Mertens SA, Guenther JN, Parrish JJ, Wiltbank MC. Fertilization and early embryonic development in heifers and lactating cows in summer and lactating and dry cows in winter. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85: 2803-2812.
Schrock GE, Saxton AM, Schrick FN, Edwards JL. Early in vitro fertilization improves development of bovine ova heat stressed during in vitro maturation. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90 : 4297-4303.
Schuller LK, Burfeind O, Heuwieser W. Impact of heat stress on conception rate of dairy cows in the moderate climate considering different temperature-humidity index thresholds, periods relative to breeding, and heat load indices. Theriogenology 2014; 81: 1050-1057.
Toni F, Vincenti L, Ricci A, Schukken YH. Postpartum uterine diseases and their impacts on conception and days open in dairy herds in Italy. Theriogenology 2015; 84: 1206-1214.
Wiltbank MC, Sartori R, Herlihy MM, Vasconcelos JLM, Nascimento AB, Souza AH, Ayres H, Cunha AP, Keskin A, Guenther JN, Gumen A. Managing the dominant follicle in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology 2011; 76: 1568-1582.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.