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[국내논문] 창업자의 개인적 특성과 사회적기업가정신이 사회적기업 창업의도에 미치는 영향
The Impact of Entrepreneurial Personal Characteristics and Social Entrepreneurship on Social Entrepreneurial Intention 원문보기

벤처창업연구= Asia-Pacific journal of business and venturing, v.15 no.5, 2020년, pp.157 - 174  

조혜정 (동서엔지니어링) ,  김미리 (서강대학교 경영학부)

초록
AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

본 연구는 사회적기업을 창업하는데 있어서 창업자의 개인적 특성과 사회적기업가정신이 사회적기업 창업의도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 개인적 특성과 사회적기업가정신의 관계에서 성별의 조절효과를 규명하고자 한다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 사회적기업가정신에 영향을 미치는 개인적 특성을 도덕적 책무, 자기효능감, 감성지능으로 규명하고 사회적기업가정신과 사회적기업 창업의도에 대한 선행연구들을 검토하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 도덕적 책무, 자기효능감, 감성지능은 모두 사회적기업가정신에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 사회적기업가정신은 사회적기업 창업의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 개인적 특성과 사회적기업가정신의 관계에서 남녀의 조절효과를 분석한 결과, 남녀차이에 따른 도덕적 책무와 사회적기업가정신 간의 관계를 나타내는 경로계수 값에서 차이가 나타난 것으로 조사되었다. 하지만, 자기효능감과 감성지능은 사회적기업가정신의 관계에서 성별에 따른 조절효과가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서, 본 연구가 사회적기업의 창업 교육에 있어서 창업자의 개인적 특성을 고려한 사회적기업가정신을 향상시키는 참고자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of personal characteristics and social entrepreneurship on social entrepreneurship intention, and to determine whether the moderating effect of gender influences on the relationship between personal characteristics and social entrepreneurship. In o...

주제어

질의응답

핵심어 질문 논문에서 추출한 답변
Austin et al이 제시한 기존의 기업가정신과 사회적기업가정신의 차이점은? (2006)은 기존의 기업가정신과 구분되는 특징을 다음 3가지로 구분하였다. 첫째, 기업가정신은 개인적인 이익 추구화가 목적이지만 사회적기업가정신은 사회적 가치 창출을 목적으로 하고 있다. 둘째, 기업가정신의 성과는 재무적 성과(자산 및 자본 수익률, 매출 증가율)를 중점으로 측정되지만, 사회적 기업가정신의 성과는 표준화되지 않고 조직마다 다르게 측정된다. 셋째, 기업가정신은 예상되는 재무적 성과가 보일 때 자원 동원이 어렵지 않으나, 사회적기업가정신은 재무적 성과가 확실치 않음에 따라 사회적 가치 창출에 관심 있는 사람이나 기업의 후원을 받는 자원 동원이 쉽지 않다. 이를 바탕으로, 사회적기업가정신은 혁신적이며, 창조적인 활동을 통한 사회적 가치를 추구하는 활동 혹은 비영리조직을 포함한 사업 그리고 정부 부서 내에서 활동하는 것으로 정의되었다.
사회적기업의 창업 수가 증가하게 된 배경은? 국내 사회적기업의 도입, 확산 등과 같은 산업계 관심은 사회 불평등 해소, 일자리 창출, 취약계층의 소외 등의 문제를 해결하기 위하여 시작되었다. 2007년에 제정된 “사회적기업육성법”에 따라 사회적기업 창업자에게 세제 혜택, 인건비 지원, 교육훈련 등을 지원해줌으로써 사회적기업의 창업 수가 증가하였다. 또한, 2010년부터는 자치단체를 중심으로 지역형 예비 사회적기업 제도가 도입되면서 사회적기업의 창업 지원 확대가 이루어지고, 사회적기업의 창업이 활성화뿐만 아니라 예비 창업자들의 디딤돌 역할을 하였다(방하남, 2010; 이연호 외, 2011; 김덕호·정문기, 2017; 한국사회적기업진흥원, 2017).
국내 사회적기업의 도입, 확산 등과 같은 산업계의 관심이 시작된 이유는 무엇인가? 국내 사회적기업의 도입, 확산 등과 같은 산업계 관심은 사회 불평등 해소, 일자리 창출, 취약계층의 소외 등의 문제를 해결하기 위하여 시작되었다. 2007년에 제정된 “사회적기업육성법”에 따라 사회적기업 창업자에게 세제 혜택, 인건비 지원, 교육훈련 등을 지원해줌으로써 사회적기업의 창업 수가 증가하였다.
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