[논문]Effects of Motor Imagery Training and Balance Training on Static Balance: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Gim, Mina; Choi, Junghyun; Ga, Heayoung

doi:10.20540/jiaptr.2020.11.1.1999

Effects of Motor Imagery Training and Balance Training on Static Balance: A Quasi-Experimental Study 원문보기

Journal of international academy of physical therapy research, v.11 no.1, 2020년, pp.1999 - 2004

Gim, Mina (Department of Physical Therapy, Wonkwang Health Science University) , Choi, Junghyun (Department of Physical Therapy, Namseoul University) , Ga, Heayoung (Department of Physical Therapy, Namseoul University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Background: Although studies on physical motor learning through motor imagery training have been conducted in various fields, studies on its effectiveness are still considered insufficient. Objective: To investigate the effect of motor imagery training and balance training on static balance of asymptomatic adults in their 20s. Design: A quasi-experimental study. Methods: Thirty-six adults in their 20s who passed the tandem stance test were randomized to the motor imagery training group (MIG, n=12), motor imagery with balance training group (MIBG, n=12), and balance training group (BG, n=12). Each group underwent their respective interventions three times a week for four weeks, and changes in static balance were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. Results: Trace length was significantly lower in the MIBG than in the MIG and BG (P<.05), and a significant reduction in trace length in the MIBG was observed after the intervention as compared to the baseline (P<.05). Furthermore, a significantly lower velocity was observed in the MIBG than in the MIG and BG (P<.05), and a significant reduction of velocity in the MIBG was more observed after the intervention compared to the baseline (P<.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that motor imagery training enhance static balance in healthy college students.

주제어

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문제 정의

¹¹ Although research on physical motor learning through motor imagery training is ongoing in multiple fields, studies on its effects are considered inadequate. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of motor imagery training and balance training on the static balance of asymptomatic adults in their 20s.
This study aims to investigate the effect of motor imagery training and balance training on the static balance of university students. In this study, we assessed the changes in static balance ability after a 4-week intervention using the HUR BT4 balance platform (HUR Labs, Tampere, Finland).

제안 방법

Balance training was conducted in 30-minute sessions (three times a week for 4 weeks). We modified the Otago exercise program developed by Gardner et al ²¹ such that the exercise was performed on an unstable base of support.
Individuals who cannot maintain this posture for at least 10 seconds are at a higher risk of falls and functional decline. In this study, the tester utilized the standard protocol, where the tester demonstrated a tandem stance position (heel-toe) and instructed the participants to maintain a tandem stance position for at least 10 seconds without taking a step or using support. No practice trials were allowed.
This study aims to investigate the effect of motor imagery training and balance training on the static balance of university students. In this study, we assessed the changes in static balance ability after a 4-week intervention using the HUR BT4 balance platform (HUR Labs, Tampere, Finland). The results showed that the significant main effects of trace length (TL) and velocity were observed in both groups, and post-hoc test confirmed that the motor imagery with balance training group (MIBG) had significantly lower TL and velocity than the motor imagery training group (MIG) and balance training group (BG).
Motor imagery training was conducted in 30-minute sessions (three times a week for 4 weeks). The interventions were performed in a quiet indoor space to help participants focus on the training.
The eligibility of the selected 36 participants in this study was assessed through a screening. Participants who passed the screening were randomized to the motor imagery training group (MIG, n=12), motor imagery with balance training group (MIBG, n=12), and balance training group (BG, n=12). Regarding the participants’ group allocation, we prepared 36 sealed envelopes containing a piece of paper showing “A (MIG)”, “B (MIBG)”, or “C (BG)” (12 each).
Static balance, the dependent variable of this study, was measured at the baseline before beginning the 4-week intervention and again after completing the 4-week intervention. Static balance was measured using the HUR BT4 balance platform (HUR Labs, Tampere, Finland), based on which, the changes after intervention were examined. The Romberg test was used, where participants took off their shoes, stepped onto the equipment, and spread their heels by 2 cm with their feet pointed at 15° laterally with both hands naturally placed on their pants.
Static balance, the dependent variable of this study, was measured at the baseline before beginning the 4-week intervention and again after completing the 4-week intervention. Static balance was measured using the HUR BT4 balance platform (HUR Labs, Tampere, Finland), based on which, the changes after intervention were examined.
The combined motor imagery training and balance training was conducted in 30-minute sessions (three times a week for 4 weeks). After physically performing a warm-up exercise for 5 minutes, the balance training program shown in Table 2 was performed for 10 minutes with the number of reps cut in half.
The interventions were performed in a quiet indoor space to help participants focus on the training.
Subsequently, they comfortably sat on a chair, and their eyes were covered with a blindfold. The researcher explained the existing balance training program with the number of reps reduced by half for 10 minutes, and the participants were instructed to perform motor imagery training. Finally, they physically performed 5 minutes of cool-down exercise.

대상 데이터

4. The required sample size was calculated to be 30, and with potential 20% withdrawal rate, we determined that 36 participants were required. Thus, this study had an appropriate sample size.
Thirty-six students of N University based on Cheonan, South Chungcheong Province without musculoskeletal, neural, or orthopedic disability that may affect their balance maintenance¹² were enrolled (Table 1). The sample size was calculated using the G*Power software.

데이터처리

The normal distribution of all the data was validated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test, and the general characteristics of the subjects were calculated by descriptive statistics. The main effects and interactions of group and time for dependent variables were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and Bonferroni was used as a post-hoc test. The significance level was set at α=.

이론/모형

0. The normal distribution of all the data was validated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test, and the general characteristics of the subjects were calculated by descriptive statistics. The main effects and interactions of group and time for dependent variables were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and Bonferroni was used as a post-hoc test.

성능/효과

In this study, we assessed the changes in static balance ability after a 4-week intervention using the HUR BT4 balance platform (HUR Labs, Tampere, Finland). The results showed that the significant main effects of trace length (TL) and velocity were observed in both groups, and post-hoc test confirmed that the motor imagery with balance training group (MIBG) had significantly lower TL and velocity than the motor imagery training group (MIG) and balance training group (BG). Regarding time, a significant reduction in TL and velocity in the MIBG was more observed after the intervention compared to the baseline.

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