[논문]Chemical Properties of Artificially Buried Wood in an Intertidal Zone during the Deterioration Period

SEO, Sujin; KIM, Taekjoon; LEE, Jae-Won

doi:10.5658/wood.2020.48.6.896

Chemical Properties of Artificially Buried Wood in an Intertidal Zone during the Deterioration Period 원문보기

목재공학 = Journal of the Korean wood science and technology, v.48 no.6, 2020년, pp.896 - 906

SEO, Sujin (Department of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University) , KIM, Taekjoon (National Research Institute of Maritime Cultural Heritage) , LEE, Jae-Won (Department of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Wood deterioration experiments were carried out for 6 months in an intertidal zone of South Korea to monitor the changes in the chemical properties of two types of species, Korean red pine and sawtooth oak. The results of FT-IR spectra and XRD patterns have shown that the chemical properties of the wood did not change significantly during the 6-month burial period. However, the brightness of the surface decreased after burial; the value of the sawtooth oak sample was lower than that of the Korean red pine sample owing to an accumulation of inorganic compounds in cell lumen as observed by ICP analysis. Among the inorganic compounds, sodium and sulfur concentrations increased significantly over the burial period compared with the control. Further, the maximum moisture content decreased from 199% to 136% in the Korean red pine and 62% to 60% for the sawtooth oak. Nevertheless, the major chemical composition of both the wood species did not change significantly during the 6-month burial period, whereas, the crystallinity decreased with an increasing burial period owing to an accumulation of inorganic compounds in the lumen.

주제어

표/그림 (8)

그림 Fig. 1. Site for artificially deterioration experiment of wood.
그림 Fig. 2. Maximum moisture contents of the control and the buried wood samples.
그림 Fig. 3. FT-IR spectra of the control and the buried wood.
표 Table 1. Change of chemical composition of the wood depending on burial period (unit: %)
표 Table 2. Change of inorganic compounds in the wood during burial period (unit: %)
표 Table 3. Color change of the wood during burial period
그림 Fig. 4. Color differences (ΔE*) of the wood depending on burial period (a: Korean red pine, b: sawtooth oak).
그림 Fig. 5. Light microscopic image of the buried wood samples (a: cross section of the Korean red pine sample after 3 months (× 20), b: cross section of the Korean red pine sample after 6 months (× 40), c: cross section of the sawtooth oak sample after 3 months (× 20), d: cross section of the sawtooth oak sample after 6 months (× 40).

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가설 설정

The a* and b* values decreased slightly with increased burial. In this study, the color change of the wood surface can be explained by chemical reactions and the accumulation of inorganic compound in the wood surface during burial (Sandak et al., 2014). The difference in color change (ΔE*) between the cross section and the tangential section are shown in Fig.

제안 방법

In this study, a wood deterioration experiment was performed in an intertidal zone to monitor the changes in the chemical and structural properties of two wood species: Korean red pine and sawtooth oak. These were selected as they were founded to be the types used for wooden ships that were excavated during the 1970s.
, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and ICP) to determine the degree of deterioration; however, it is difficult to perform various analyses with limited samples. In this study, the deterioration process of Korean red pine and sawtooth oak samples buried for 6 months in an intertidal zone was investigated using various analytical methods. The results of light microscopy, XRD, FT-IR, and chemical composition analysis revealed that there was no significant deterioration of the two wood species during 6 months.
The color change of thewood in the field is caused by oxidation, decomposition, and condensation of lignin or extract by ultraviolet rays (Kim, 2017). In this study, the deterioration process of wood was carried out in the intertidal zone, thus the color change was caused by inorganic compounds rather than the effect of ultraviolet rays. The darkening of wood in a wet environment is due to the reaction between the iron compounds present in the water and the tannins in oak (Komorowicz et al.
These were selected as they were founded to be the types used for wooden ships that were excavated during the 1970s. Korean red pine and sawtooth oak samples buried for 6 months in the intertidal zone and were removed both after 3 months and 6 months to analyze the chemical properties by using inductively coupled plasma atomic-emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), XRD, and the wet chemical method. Based on this information, the degree of deterioration according to the burial period could be predicted.
The FT-IR analysis was performed using a Nicolet 6700 spectrometer (Thermo Scientific, USA) to confirm any structural changes in the samples after burial. Each sample was ground and pelletized with potassium bromide (KBr).

대상 데이터

24 samples of each wood species were buried at a depth of 30 cm in the intertidal zone of Hwaseong City in Gyeonggi–do, South Korea (Fig. 1).
Korean red pine (Pinus densifloraS. et Z.) and sawtooth oak (Quercus acutissima Carr.) were used as test wood blocks and each sample was prepared to a size of 100 mm (length) × 30 mm (radial) × 30 mm (tangential).

데이터처리

A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the significant differences between mean values using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software version 23 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Duncan’s test was conducted to determine the correlation between the variables used, and the differences were considered significant at a p-value of <0.

이론/모형

Each sample was cut into 5 mm and the maximum moisture content was determined by following the Korean standard KSF 2199 (2016). The maximum moisture content (MC_max) was calculated according to the following equation (1), which expresses the percentage ratio of the difference between the mass at maximum moisture content (W_w) and the anhydrous mass (W_d) over the anhydrous mass as follows:
, 2008). The ash content of each sample was measured using a modification of the TAPPI Standard Method (T211- om-02). The sample was heated to 775°C±25°C in a muffle furnace for 6 h.
The crystallinity was determined by using a multi-purpose X-ray diffractometer (X’pert Pro, Panalitical, the Netherlands) with a 2θ range of 5-50° at 40 kV and 30 mA. The crystallinity intensity (CrI) of each sample was calculated using the Segal method (Segal et al., 1959).

성능/효과

The difference in color change (ΔE*) between the cross section and the tangential section are shown in Fig. 4. In both wood species, the change in the cross section was faster than that of tangential section after 3 months. On the other hand, the color change in the tangential section increased with increased burial.
The change of the crystallinity of the wood samples was investigated. The crystallinity value of Korean red pine and sawtooth oak are 45.55% and 48.06%, which decreased to 41.9% and 45.19%, respectively, after 6 months of burial due to the accumulation of inorganic compounds in the lumen. The variation of the crystallinity value of the two wood species over the burial period was consistent with the inorganic compounds analysis (Table 2), which agree with the typical characteristics of waterlogged wood (Rémazeilles et al.
In this study, the deterioration process of Korean red pine and sawtooth oak samples buried for 6 months in an intertidal zone was investigated using various analytical methods. The results of light microscopy, XRD, FT-IR, and chemical composition analysis revealed that there was no significant deterioration of the two wood species during 6 months. Inorganic components were accumulated in the lumen of the samples, which decreased their maximum moisture content; however, this decrease differed between the Korean red pine and sawtooth oak samples due to the different cell types.

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