[논문]Bluetooth Low-Energy Current Sensor Compensated Using Piecewise Linear Model

Shin, Jung-Won

doi:10.46670/jsst.2020.29.5.283

Bluetooth Low-Energy Current Sensor Compensated Using Piecewise Linear Model 원문보기

Journal of sensor science and technology = 센서학회지, v.29 no.5, 2020년, pp.283 - 292

Shin, Jung-Won (School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National Unversity)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Current sensors that use a Hall element and Hall IC to measure the magnetic fields generated in steel silicon core gaps do not distinguish between direct and alternating currents. Thus, they are primarily used to measure direct current (DC) in industrial equipment. Although such sensors can measure the DC when installed in expensive equipment, ascertaining problems becomes difficult if the equipment is set up in an unexposed space. The control box is only opened during scheduled maintenance or when anomalies occur. Therefore, in this paper, a method is proposed for facilitating the safety management and maintenance of equipment when necessary, instead of waiting for anomalies or scheduled maintenance. A Bluetooth 4.0 low-energy current-sensor system based on near-field communication is used, which compensates for the nonlinearity of the current-sensor output signal using a piecewise linear model. The sensor is controlled using its generic attribute profile. Sensor nodes and cell phones used to check the signals obtained from the sensor at 50-A input currents showed an accuracy of ±1%, exhibiting linearity in all communications within the range of 0 to 50 A, with a stable output voltage for each communication segment.

주제어

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문제 정의

In this study, the installation of a BLE-based current sensor system in a location unexposed to the surrounding environment was proposed. Unlike previously developed portable current measurement devices, the proposed system utilizes software to compensate for the offset andnonlinearity of the Bluetooth current sensor, without any additional equipment.

제안 방법

After installing the proposed sensor in various environments, to evaluate the accuracy of the measured output displayed on the smartphone, we compared the outputs of the proposed sensor and the power supply. We evaluated the accuracies of the same measurements in both the sensor PCB and application.
Experiments were conducted based on the theoretical backgrounds of the current sensor and the currently used methods. A voltage of ±15 V was supplied to drive the current sensor; in addition, DC (KIKUSUI PWR1600L) and AC (KAST S2307180) devices were used to provide the wire current flows for the measurements, and a stable current was therefore supplied.
Therefore, a suitable magnetic material must be selected, based on the current measurement environment (Table 3). Silicon steel was selected as the core material for the proposed current sensor, owing to its high magnetic permeability, magnetic flux density, and saturation characteristics, as well as its low coercivity and temperaturechange characteristics. Steel frames based on magnetic materials are divided into a winding coil and laminated layer according to the stratification method used.
9(a) and (b)). Simultaneously, to measure the ideal output values for the input current and output voltage of the sensor, PCB, and application, and to evaluate the accuracy of the measurements for each input voltage, we increased the input voltage in 5 A increments from 0 to 50 A, and compared the voltage measured at each part by the sensor, PCB, and application. To measure and monitor the output voltage values in the DC and AC areas, the output for each input value was measured at three positions using the smartphone app screen and two digital multimeters.
A simple circuit is used for converting the analog signal (current) into a digital signal. This study also uses a successive approximation (SA) method that satisfies the requirements of both the cost and speed. Differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL), which are indicators of ADC nonlinearity based on a 10-bit resolution, exhibit good performance.
Compared to the rest of the area, this value was also stable within 1%. To evaluate the Bluetooth sensor for comparison, this study measured the current flowing through the wire under the same load conditions. The current input into the Bluetooth sensor, the current flowing through the PCB, and the value measured by the Bluetooth sensor and displayed on the tablet computer all showed stable output values with an error of within 1%.
A voltage of ±15 V was supplied to drive the current sensor; in addition, DC (KIKUSUI PWR1600L) and AC (KAST S2307180) devices were used to provide the wire current flows for the measurements, and a stable current was therefore supplied. To inspect the linearity of the Bluetooth current sensor for a 4 V output at a rating of 50 A, we increased the current in steps of 5 A; compared the information displayed in the BLE sensor, PCB output stage, and screen of the cell-phone application; and, evaluated the measurement accuracy. Here, two multimode (KEYSIGHT 34461A) measuring devices were connected to measure the output signals of the BLE sensor and PCB separately.
Simultaneously, to measure the ideal output values for the input current and output voltage of the sensor, PCB, and application, and to evaluate the accuracy of the measurements for each input voltage, we increased the input voltage in 5 A increments from 0 to 50 A, and compared the voltage measured at each part by the sensor, PCB, and application. To measure and monitor the output voltage values in the DC and AC areas, the output for each input value was measured at three positions using the smartphone app screen and two digital multimeters. Fig.

대상 데이터

In this study, a Hall element with an HG-302A (AKM) sensor, which is 2.35 mm wide, 2.7 mm long, and 0.95 mm thick, was produced. The operating temperature range of the Hall sensors varies from -40 ℃ to 125 ℃.
1. In this study, an OPA2374 (Texas Instruments) op-amp was used. The expression is defined as [16]:
Steel frames based on magnetic materials are divided into a winding coil and laminated layer according to the stratification method used. The core of the current sensor produced in this study is a directional steel core. Because the steel core is an air-gap type, the magnetic permeability is high when the magnetic field is generated in a form consistent with the direction of the steel core.

후속연구

In the case of silicon steel, which is the material used for the cores, the sensitivity within the low current range is improved, whereas the coverage area is low because of the low saturation. In the future, we plan to conduct a primary study on this part to show that it results in betterperforming current sensors through hysterical curves and a magnetic field analysis using the core characteristics. When the rated value of a circuit other than the same circuit is measured, the data are verified by receiving the compensation table according to the temperature interval and using the output value of the ideal table to compensate the measured output voltage approximating the partially linear model.

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