Hollister, Jonathan M.
(Department of Library, Archives, & Information Studies, Pusan National University)
,
Lee, Jisue
(Department of Library & Information Science, Chonnam National University)
,
Elkins, Aaron J.
(School of Library & Information Studies, Texas Woman's University)
,
Latham, Don
(School of Information, Florida State University)
Mental health experts warn the combination of overwhelming amounts of information, economic instability, political discontent, social injustice, and the high infection and death rates of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are negatively impacting mental health in ways that may worsen the pandemic and int...
Mental health experts warn the combination of overwhelming amounts of information, economic instability, political discontent, social injustice, and the high infection and death rates of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are negatively impacting mental health in ways that may worsen the pandemic and intensify our primal fear of death. Terror Management Theory (TMT) argues that self-esteem and cultural worldviews serve as defenses against the terror of our own mortality. This theory anchor paper introduces TMT to Library and Information Science (LIS) via a selected literature review on TMT's use in the field of Psychology and an extensive discussion on the conceptual connections to LIS supported with empirical research from related disciplines and contexts. The implications, applications, and usefulness of TMT for LIS research, education, and practice are discussed in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and other contexts, and a research agenda is proposed.
Mental health experts warn the combination of overwhelming amounts of information, economic instability, political discontent, social injustice, and the high infection and death rates of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are negatively impacting mental health in ways that may worsen the pandemic and intensify our primal fear of death. Terror Management Theory (TMT) argues that self-esteem and cultural worldviews serve as defenses against the terror of our own mortality. This theory anchor paper introduces TMT to Library and Information Science (LIS) via a selected literature review on TMT's use in the field of Psychology and an extensive discussion on the conceptual connections to LIS supported with empirical research from related disciplines and contexts. The implications, applications, and usefulness of TMT for LIS research, education, and practice are discussed in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and other contexts, and a research agenda is proposed.
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문제 정의
Due to TMT’s substantial bibliography, space constraints, and out of consideration for the reader, this selected literature review highlights relevant research on TMT from its major field of origin, Psychology, and some of its related sub-fields. Applications of TMT in other related fields and research contexts will be discussed throughout Section 4.
A problem is that media consumers may regard some media platforms as epistemic authorities even though the platforms are not qualified to be regarded as such (Jäger and Malfatti, 2020). Part of the mission of the LIS field is to inculcate media and information literacies in the general populace, and having another lens through which to examine what motivates people to seek information and the psychosocial factors that affect their acceptance of information benefits the field. Commentary on the discussion regarding the precise nature of the relationship between information literacy and media literacy (Addison and Meyers 2013; Jacobson and Mackey 2013; Leaning 2019; Lee and So 2014) is outside the scope of this paper, so the terms ‘media literacy’ and ‘information literacy’ will be used to reflect their usage in the research in which this paper is based.
This section identifies connections and discusses some potential implications of and applications for Terror Management Theory in Library and Information Science supported by empirical research from related fields and contexts. To add theoretical and practical weight, examples and connections to the COVID-19 pandemic will be weaved throughout the discussion given the inspiration and goals of this paper.
가설 설정
Hirschberger, Ein-Dor and Almakias (2008) found that mortality salience made people more likely to make a charitable donation to someone who did not have a visible disability, but they were less likely to sign an organ donation card or to help someone in a wheelchair. The hypothesis was these visible reminders of mortality had a negative effect on people’s prosocial behavior.
제안 방법
Like those anchor papers, the purpose of this theory anchor paper is to introduce TMT to the LIS community through an accessible and detailed description of the theory and an extensive discussion of the conceptual connections to LIS supported by empirical research from related fields to identify and explore TMT’s potential implications and applications for research, practice, and education in LIS. As such, this paper establishes an anchoring point for TMT in LIS and identifies important areas for future work in a variety of Library and Information Science research, practice, and education contexts.
Generally speaking, whatever individual behaviors a person is likely to engage in are heightened by mortality salience, and whatever worldview one holds is likely to be defended more aggressively in response to mortality salience, although there are exceptions. By necessity, this section will focus on select studies to illustrate the various approaches taken to testing the effects of TMT. Most studies have investigated emotions, behaviors, and attitudes.
The approach to this theory paper is based on the anchor papers for other theories and methodological approaches that have been imported into Library and Information Science, such as competency theory (Gross 2005); semiotics (Raber and Budd 2003; Warner 1990), phenomenology (Budd 2004), diffusion of innovations (Chatman 1986; Marshall 1990), sense-making (Dervin 1983, 1998), and others. Like those anchor papers, the purpose of this theory anchor paper is to introduce TMT to the LIS community through an accessible and detailed description of the theory and an extensive discussion of the conceptual connections to LIS supported by empirical research from related fields to identify and explore TMT’s potential implications and applications for research, practice, and education in LIS. As such, this paper establishes an anchoring point for TMT in LIS and identifies important areas for future work in a variety of Library and Information Science research, practice, and education contexts.
Relatedly, a threatening situation, such as a pandemic, would seem to be a case where people would be willing to expend energy to obtain as much information as possible, so is the Principle of Least Effort (Zipf 1949) at all evident? Similarly, it might seem that people would want a complete picture of the situation, so to what extent (if any) do they engage in satisficing (Simon 1976). Research could help to answer these questions, and TMT might provide a way of explaining counterintuitive results. Information seeking behavior that might appear to indicate the Principle of Least Effort and satisficing at work, but a consideration of TMT might suggest that people are going immediately to trusted sources because these sources are produced and consumed by the people in the group they closely identify with and from which they derive their self-esteem.
대상 데이터
(2020) finds differences in health outcomes based on news show viewership. Their study focuses on the viewership of two shows on Fox News, Hannity and Tucker Carlson Tonight; both are popular with U.S conservatives and both initially downplayed potential risks of COVID-19. However, Carlson’s show began to warn viewers about COVID-19 in early February, while Hannity did not until later in February.
이론/모형
Considering the above, this paper seeks to introduce a theory from the field of Psychology that may have useful implications and applications for Library and Information Science: Greenberg, Pyszczynski, and Solomon’s (1986) Terror Management Theory. In brief, Terror Management Theory (TMT) argues that humankind’s awareness of death, or mortality salience, creates a sense of existential fear, hence terror, against which humans must uphold and bolster their self-esteem in light of the criteria of their cultural worldview (Greenberg, Pyszczynski and Solomon 1986; Pyszczynski, Solomon and Greenberg 2015).
To introduce Terror Management Theory to LIS scholars, this theory anchor paper includes an introduction and description of TMT; a selected literature review focusing on the use of TMT in Psychology; a discussion on the implications and potential applications of TMT for Library and Information Science based on related applications of TMT; and a proposed research agenda. Given the inspiration for this paper, the discussion on TMT’s connection to LIS will use COVID-19 as a running example to provide timely real-world context. The approach to this theory paper is based on the anchor papers for other theories and methodological approaches that have been imported into Library and Information Science, such as competency theory (Gross 2005); semiotics (Raber and Budd 2003; Warner 1990), phenomenology (Budd 2004), diffusion of innovations (Chatman 1986; Marshall 1990), sense-making (Dervin 1983, 1998), and others.
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