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문제 정의
- This study examined the effects of breathing exercises via joint mobilization and general stretching on improving the lung function and spinal alignment of women in their 20s and 30s, who were diagnosed with straight neck syndrome. The results showed that the four-week intervention positively affected both the experimental and control groups in terms of improving the lung function and spinal alignment of straight-necked patients.
- This study examined the effects of breathing exercises via joint mobilization on the lung function and spinal alignment of straight-necked women.
제안 방법
- Thus, 25 people, 14 in the experimental group and 11 in the control group, participated in the experiment until the end. After the measurements were taken, the experimental group was assigned to carry out breathing exercises via joint mobilization, while the control group was assigned general stretching exercises. The intervention was conducted three times a week for 30 minutes each, for four weeks, for both groups.
- The first measurement was taken before the intervention; the second measurement was taken after four weeks of intervention to observe its effect on the participants; the third measurement was taken after another four weeks to observe its sustained effect. Each intervention was performed by two physical therapists with more than three years of experience The research involved four assistants for the intervention: two per group and two assistants for the measurements. The research was carried out over eight weeks.
- In this study, the participants’ age, height, weight, and foot size were measured and compared with their general physical traits.
- In this study, to identify the changes in spinal alignment between the experimental and control groups, the cranial rotational angle (CRA) and cranial vertebral angle (CVA) were measured using the X-ray cervical lateral view test. While there were no significant interactions between the groups and time in the cranial rotational angle, a significant main effect was observed with time.
- This is because proper alignment of the spine is essential for stretching. Next, the breathing of the participants was checked to determine if their upper diaphragm, lower diaphragm, and abdominal diaphragm were functioning well. The exercise regimen used in previous studies [21] was modified for this research.
- The cervical lateral view was filmed using X-rays (Dong Gang Med, Korea) to measure the cranial rotation angle and cranial spine angle. The measurement was taken while the subjects were standing.
- Information on their general characteristics and medical traits was collected after they signed the consent forms. The experimental group and control group both had their general health traits, lung function, and spinal alignment measured before the experiment. The same person took the measurements using the same method in both groups.
- The intervention was conducted three times a week for 30 minutes each, for four weeks, for both groups. The first measurement was taken before the intervention; the second measurement was taken after four weeks of intervention to observe its effect on the participants; the third measurement was taken after another four weeks to observe its sustained effect. Each intervention was performed by two physical therapists with more than three years of experience The research involved four assistants for the intervention: two per group and two assistants for the measurements.
- Subsequently, calf stretching was done twice, for 30 seconds each, followed by shoulder joint circling five times, for 5 seconds each. The intervention lasted 30 minutes, consisting of five minutes of warm-up, 20 minutes of the main exercise regimen, and five minutes of cooling down. Table 2 lists the experimental method in the control group.
- After the measurements were taken, the experimental group was assigned to carry out breathing exercises via joint mobilization, while the control group was assigned general stretching exercises. The intervention was conducted three times a week for 30 minutes each, for four weeks, for both groups. The first measurement was taken before the intervention; the second measurement was taken after four weeks of intervention to observe its effect on the participants; the third measurement was taken after another four weeks to observe its sustained effect.
- The intervention was performed for 30 minutes. The session consisted of five minutes of warm-up, 20 minutes of the main exercise regimen, and five minutes of cooling down. Table 1 lists the experimental method in the experimental group.
- Furthermore, there is a lack of research examining the positive effects of joint mobilization on the lung function and spinal alignment. Therefore, this study examined the effects of breathing exercises via joint mobilization on the lung function and spinal alignment of working women in their 20s and 30s with straight neck syndrome. The sustained effects of the exercises were analyzed for eight weeks following the program.
- These were then analyzed to determine if the cranial rotation angle had decreased. To calculate the curve of the neck, the angle connecting the ear and the horizontal line of the C7 spine were measured and analyzed to determine if the cranial vertebral angle had increased.
- To identify the changes to the front of the head on the cervical lateral view of the X-ray, the angles were measured for the side of the eye, the canthus and the ear’s tragus, and the spinous process of the C7 spine.
대상 데이터
- For this study, 30 women who had been diagnosed with functional straight neck syndrome by a neurosurgeon were selected as participants. All were free of neurosurgical and orthopedic issues and did not suffer from significant joint degeneration.
- The experiment started with 30 women in their 20s and 30s with straight neck syndrome. One participant in the experimental group and four in the control group dropped out from the experiment for personal reasons and health issues.
- The participants were selected based on excluding those with neurological, neurosurgical, and orthopedic diseases; those who are pregnant or possibly pregnant; those participating in other research or rehabilitation programs; and those undergoing musculoskeletal treatment such as manual therapy or chuna therapy. Thirty patients with straight neck syndrome were enrolled in this study [19]. Measures were taken to guarantee the validity of the clinical trials.
- The participants’ ages ranged from 20 to 30 years, and all were workers at the ‘C’ Hospital located in Seoul. This study was carried out from February to April 2020, and was conducted with the approval of the Namseoul University Bioethics Institute (NSU-202002-005). The participants were selected based on excluding those with neurological, neurosurgical, and orthopedic diseases; those who are pregnant or possibly pregnant; those participating in other research or rehabilitation programs; and those undergoing musculoskeletal treatment such as manual therapy or chuna therapy.
- During the experiment period, one participant in the experimental group and four participants in the control group were eliminated due to personal injuries and health issues. Thus, 25 people, 14 in the experimental group and 11 in the control group, participated in the experiment until the end. After the measurements were taken, the experimental group was assigned to carry out breathing exercises via joint mobilization, while the control group was assigned general stretching exercises.
- One participant in the experimental group and four in the control group dropped out from the experiment for personal reasons and health issues. Thus, 25 subjects participated until the end of the experiment. Table 3 lists the general characteristics of the participants.
데이터처리
- The Schapiro-Wilk test was performed on all the data to verify their normality. A repeated two way-ANOVA was conducted for two variables (group and time) to compare the differences in the lung function and the spinal alignment for each group (a group that performed breathing exercises via joint mobilization and a group that conducted general stretching exercises) over time (before the intervention, after four weeks, and after eight weeks). One-way ANOVA was carried out to check the main effects on time and the interaction effects between the two factors.
- A Scheffe test was run for post verification. An independent sample T-test was conducted to examine the differences between the two groups according to time. The statistical significance level was set at ⍺ = .
- A repeated two way-ANOVA was conducted for two variables (group and time) to compare the differences in the lung function and the spinal alignment for each group (a group that performed breathing exercises via joint mobilization and a group that conducted general stretching exercises) over time (before the intervention, after four weeks, and after eight weeks). One-way ANOVA was carried out to check the main effects on time and the interaction effects between the two factors. A Scheffe test was run for post verification.
이론/모형
- 0 (IBM, USA) was used to analyze the data measured. The Schapiro-Wilk test was performed on all the data to verify their normality. A repeated two way-ANOVA was conducted for two variables (group and time) to compare the differences in the lung function and the spinal alignment for each group (a group that performed breathing exercises via joint mobilization and a group that conducted general stretching exercises) over time (before the intervention, after four weeks, and after eight weeks).
- The regimen was based on modifying the exercises in Walther’s Applied Musculoskeletal Neurology[20], the main teaching material for this field.
성능/효과
- A significant main effect for the group with time was noted. A post-hoc test of the group and time, where a significant main effect appeared, revealed both groups to show significant differences in time after four weeks of intervention and after four weeks of the maintenance period, compared to that before the intervention. There was no difference in time between the two groups.
- There appeared to be a significant main effect on time. A post-hoc test of the time where there was a significant main effect revealed more statistically significant differences in the experimental group after four weeks of intervention and four weeks of maintenance, compared to that before the intervention.
- The experimental group showed significant differences in the slow vital capacity (SVC) test, which measures the expiratory reserve volume, inspiratory reserve volume, single respiratory volume, and the expiratory and inspiratory capacity, after four weeks of intervention and also showed the sustained effects of the regimen after four weeks of maintenance, compared to that before the intervention. This is similar to the results of previous studies [24-27], which concluded that stimulation of the deeper joints and muscles improved the body’s simultaneous contraction capacity, abdominal pressure, and body rigidity, which in turn led to a decrease in the level of dynamic stress in the subjects’ daily life and enhanced their stable breathing ability.
- A significant main effect was observed with time, but there was no significant difference in the group. The post-hoc test of the time in which a significant main effect occurred showed significant differences in both groups after four weeks of intervention and four weeks of maintenance, compared to that before the intervention. No difference was observed between the two groups.
- This study examined the effects of breathing exercises via joint mobilization and general stretching on improving the lung function and spinal alignment of women in their 20s and 30s, who were diagnosed with straight neck syndrome. The results showed that the four-week intervention positively affected both the experimental and control groups in terms of improving the lung function and spinal alignment of straight-necked patients. This suggests that both exercises may be combined for an even more effective treatment of straight neck syndrome.
- There were no significant interaction effects observed between the group and time regarding changes in FVC after the intervention. When a significant main effect appeared, statistically significant differences in both the experimental and control groups were observed after the four-week intervention and the four weeks of maintenance, compared to that before the intervention.
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