[논문]시설 고추재배지에서 꽃노랑총채벌레 집합페로몬과 식물 휘발성 유인제 효능의 한계성

김철영; 권기면; 김용균

doi:10.5656/ksae.2021.10.0.042

시설 고추재배지에서 꽃노랑총채벌레 집합페로몬과 식물 휘발성 유인제 효능의 한계성
Limitation in Attraction Efficacy of Aggregation Pheromone or Plant Volatile Lures to Attract the Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Infesting the Hot Pepper, Capsicum annuum, in Greenhouses 원문보기

한국응용곤충학회지 = Korean journal of applied entomology, v.60 no.4, 2021년, pp.369 - 377

김철영 (안동대학교 식물의학과) , 권기면 ((주) 생물이용연구소) , 김용균 (안동대학교 식물의학과)

초록
AI-Helper

꽃노랑총채벌레(Frankliniella occidentalis) 방제 전략 가운데 하나로 대량유살 기술이 제기되었다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 이 해충에 적용되는 상용유인제의 효능을 시설 고추재배지를 중심으로 분석하였다. 총채벌레 모니터링에 사용되는 점착트랩의 경우 청색과 황색 색상에 따른 유인력 차이는 크지 않았다. 그러나 트랩의 위치는 큰 변수로서 기주에 가까이 위치할수록 포획 밀도가 높았다. 또한 상하 위치도 중요한 변수로서 기주 작물 수관 부위에서 가장 높은 포획 밀도를 보였다. 이를 기준으로 황색 점착 트랩을 설치한 경우 전체 총채벌레 밀도의 약 1%를 유살하였다. 이러한 낮은 유살 능력을 높이기 위해 상용유인제를 황색트랩에 추가하였다. 집합페로몬 또는 식물 휘발성 유인제(4-methoxybenzaldehyde) 성분의 두 가지 상용유인제 추가 처리는 황색트랩 단독 처리에 비해 크게 유인력을 증가시키지 못하였다. 그러나 Y-튜브 실내 행동분석은 집합페로몬과 식물 휘발성 유인제(methyl isonicotinate)들이 각각 꽃노랑총채벌레에 대해서 높은 유인력을 가지고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 반면에 이들 유인물질 은 기주 고추 꽃보다 꽃노랑총채벌레에 대해서 상대적으로 낮은 유인력을 나타냈다. 이는 꽃이 없는 시설 대파(Allium fistulosum) 재배지에서는 상용유인제 추가 처리가 황색트랩 단독 처리보다 꽃노랑총채벌레에 대하여 높은 유인력을 가지는 것을 미뤄 이 곤충의 꽃에 대한 높은 선호성을 뒷받침하였다. 본 연구는 꽃노랑총채벌레에 사용되는 상용유인제들의 한계성을 지적하며 추후 고추 꽃을 중심으로 새로운 유인물질의 탐색에 대한 기초자료를 제공한다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Mass trapping of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, has been considered as an option to control this pest. This study applied the commercial lures to the hot pepper-cultivating greenhouses and assessed the enhancement of the attracting efficiency by adding to sticky traps. There was no color difference in the attracting efficiency between blue and yellow sticky traps. However, the installation position of the traps was crucial in the greenhouses. The more thrips were captured within host cropping area than outside areas of the crop. In vertical trap position, it was the most optimal to install the traps at the crop crown. Using these installation parameters, the yellow sticky traps captured approximately 1% population of the thrips. To enhance the trapping efficiency, the commercial lures containing aggregation pheromone or 4-methoxybenzaldehyde were added to the yellow sticky traps. However, these commercial lures did not significantly enhance the trapping efficiency compared to the yellow sticky trap alone. In contrast, Y-tube olfactometry assays confirmed the high efficiency of the aggregation pheromone or another plant volatile (methyl isonicotinate) to attract the thrips. Interestingly, these lure components had lower attracting efficiencies compared to the hot pepper flowers. The high attractive efficiency of the flowers was supported by the observation that the commercial lure was effective to enhance the trapping efficiency of the yellow sticky trap against F. occidentalis in Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) field without any flowers. This study indicates the limitation of the commercial lures in application to hot pepper fields for the mass trapping of F. occidentalis. It also suggests active volatile component(s) from hot pepper flowers to attract F. occidentalis.

주제어

표/그림 (7)

그림 Fig. 1. Optimal conditions of sticky trap to monitor F. occidentalis infesting hot pepper cultivated in greenhouses. (A) Comparison of blue and yellow trap colors. Three traps per greenhouse (1,000 m²) were weekly monitored for three consecutive weeks. (B) Vertical position of yellow trap installation. A long (3 m) strip of the sticky traps were hung from the roof to the ground. Three strips were installed in a greenhouse (100 m²) and weekly monitored for three consecutive weeks. (C) Trap (yellow) distance from cropping area in a greenhouse (100 m²). Traps were installed in difference distances from the edge of the cropping area. Each trap was weekly monitored for four consecutive weeks. (D) Effect of trap (yellow) location within a cropping area in a greenhouse (1,000 m²) compared to traps installed out of cropping area. Three traps in each location were weekly monitored for three consecutive weeks. Different letters above standard deviation bars represent significant difference among means at Type I error = 0.05 (LSD test). 'NS' stands for no significance.
그림 Fig. 3. Optimal concentration of methyl isonicotinate (MIN) to attract F. occidentalis and its application to field conditions. (A) Y-tube choice test to determine optimal concentration of MIN. Test solution was applied in a volume of 10 μL. (B) Influence of the addition of the optimal lure to yellow sticky trap to attract the thrips in a greenhouse cultivating hot pepper. Three traps per greenhouse (1,000 m²) were weekly monitored for three consecutive weeks. Asterisk above standard deviation bar represents significant difference among means at Type I error = 0.05 (LSD test). 'NS' stands for no significance.
그림 Fig. 2. Efficiencies of two commercial lures to enhance yellow sticky trap to attract F. occidentalis in two greenhouses culti-vating pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) and hot pepper (Capsicum annuum). Traps were installed within cropping area. Three traps were weekly monitored for three consecutive weeks. 'CON' represents control yellow sticky trap without lures. 'AP' represents a commercial aggregation pheromone added to the sticky trap. 'PV' represents a commercial lure containing 4-methoxyben-zaldehyde added to the sticky trap. Asterisk above standard deviation bar represents significant difference among means at Type I error = 0.05 (LSD test). 'NS' stands for no significance.
표 Table 1. Estimation of trapping efficiency using yellow sticky trap against F. occidentalis in a greenhouse (100 m2) culturing 50 hot pepper plant
그림 Fig. 4. Optimal mixture ratio of two aggregation pheromone components (LMB and NMB) to attract F. occidentalis and its application to field conditions. Y-tube olfactometry was used to assess the attractiveness with 20 adults per replication. (A) Effect of different mixture ratios on attracting young (< 2 days old after adult emergence) adults. (B) Effect of adult ages in each sex on olfactory behavior in Y-tube. ‘TAE’ represents time (h) after emergence. ‘No choice’ indicates the adults which did not reach to lure. (C) Influence of the addition of three different aggregation pheromone components to yellow sticky trap on enhancing the trap efficiency of the yellow sticky trap in a greenhouse cultivating hot pepper. Three traps per greenhouse (1,000 m²) were weekly monitored for three consecutive weeks. Asterisk beside standard deviation bar represents significant difference among means at Type I error = 0.05 (LSD test). 'NS' stands for no significance.
그림 Fig. 5. Preference of F. occidentalis for hot pepper flowers using olfactometry analysis. (A) Preference of flowers to leaves of hot peppers. Three cultivars of hot peppers are 'A' for Noggwang, 'B' for Color Speed, and 'C' for Hanrimggwariput. (B) Preference test of the thrips among three cultivar flowers. Bioassay used a round arena (10 × 4 cm). Each test used 20 adults and was replicated three times. (C) Comparison of flower (C cultivar) with two lures optical to attract F. occidentalis adults using Y-tube test. 'MIN' and 'LMB:NMB' represent methyl isonicotinate and aggregation pheromone, respectively. Asterisk beside standard deviation bar represents significant difference among means at Type I error = 0.05 (LSD test). 'NS' stands for no significance.
그림 Fig. 6. Efficiencies of two commercial lures to enhance yellow sticky trap to attract Thrips tabaci (‘Tt’), F. occidentalis (‘Fo’), and F. intonsa (‘Fi’) in a greenhouse cultivating Welsh onion (Allium fastulosum). Traps were installed within cropping area. Three traps were weekly monitored for three consecutive weeks. 'CON' represents control yellow sticky trap without lures. 'AP' represents a commercial aggregation pheromone added to the sticky trap. 'PV' represents a commercial lure containing 4-methoxyben-zaldehyde added to the sticky trap. Asterisk above standard deviation bar represents significant difference among means at Type I error = 0.05 (LSD test). 'NS' stands for no significance.

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