[논문]Nutritional condition in the dry period is related to the incidence of postpartum subclinical endometritis in dairy cattle

Taniguchi, Asako; Nishikawa, Tatsuya; Morita, Yasuhiro

doi:10.5713/ajas.20.0198

Nutritional condition in the dry period is related to the incidence of postpartum subclinical endometritis in dairy cattle 원문보기

Animal bioscience, v.34 no.4, 2021년, pp.539 - 545

Taniguchi, Asako (Okayama Prefectural Federation Agricultural Mutual Aid Association) , Nishikawa, Tatsuya (Okayama Prefectural Federation Agricultural Mutual Aid Association) , Morita, Yasuhiro (Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Objective: Endometritis is a major disease, that causes infertility in cattle, and is usually categorized as clinical or subclinical endometritis (SCE). The nutritional condition during the dry period is important for recovery after the last stage of the lactation period, and for postpartum production and reproduction. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between nutritional and metabolic characteristics in the dry period, and the risk of postpartum SCE. Methods: Multiparous Holstein dairy cows (n = 25, raised in a tied stall) were used. Endometrial cytological analysis was performed around 30 days post-partum, with 5% to 14% polymorphonuclear (PMN) as a cut-off point to define SCE. Serum levels of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), blood urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were measured in the cows at the dry period to evaluate energy status, protein metabolism, and mineral metabolism. Results: The incidence of SCE in the cows was 60.0% (n = 15/25) and the mean PMN% in postpartum cows diagnosed as SCE was 8.05%±2.6%. Overall, 17 and 8 samples were collected from the cows in the far-off and close-up periods, respectively. The serum concentration of BHBA in the far-off period and serum glucose concentration in the closeup period were correlated with postpartum PMN% (r = 0.62, p<0.01; r = -0.74, p<0.05, respectively). Serum levels of calcium and magnesium in the dry period were associated with the incidence of postpartum SCE (healthy vs SCE cows, p<0.05). Conclusion: Blood levels of glucose, BHBA, calcium, and magnesium in dry periods could be useful parameters for predicting the risk of postpartum SCE. The present study also suggests that management in the close-up period is essential for promoting recovery from calving fatigue.

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표/그림 (4)

표 Table 1. Status of postpartum endometrial infection and results of metabolic blood parameters in the dry periods
그림 Figure 1. Relationship between postpartum PMN% and serum glucose (a), non-esterified fatty acids (b), and β-hydroxybutyric acid (c) concentration in the respective dry periods. Open circles show samples of the close-up period and closed circles shows samples of the far-off period.
표 Table 2. Correlation coefficient between postpartum percentage of polymorphonuclear and parameters from blood analysis
그림 Figure 2. Comparison between normal cattle and subclinical endometritis (SCE) cattle in terms of postpartum blood parameters in the dry periods. (a) Body condition score (BCS), (b) Glucose, (c) non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), (d) β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), (e) total cholesterol (T-Chol), (f) blood urea nitrogen (BUN), (g) aspartate aminotransferase (AST), (h) γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), (i) calcium (Ca), and (j) phosphorus (P), and (k) magnesium (Mg). Serum concentrations of calcium and magnesium differed significantly between normal and SCE cattle (Student's t-test, * p<0.05). Total cholesterol also showed a tendency for significance (Student's t-test, † p<0.1).

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제안 방법

Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Glu, NEFA, BHBA, and BCS were evaluated as parameters for the energy status, Tchol, BUN, AST, and GGT were evaluated as parameters for protein metabolism, and Ca, Mg, and P were evaluated as parameters for mineral metabolism. The CBC was evaluated using an automatic hematology analyzer (Celltak Alpha, MEK6450, NIHON KOHDEN, Tokyo, Japan).

대상 데이터

Multiparous, healthy, Holstein dairy cows (n = 25; average age, 4.32 years) raised in Okayama Prefecture, Japan (mainly around 35°1′N 134°0′E, Tsuyama City), were selected in the present study. All cows were managed with tiestall housing, following the recommendations of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and Fishery in Japan; they were fed nutritionally adequate fodder (containing maize and whole crop rice silage [19], multiple types of hay (sudan grass, orchard grass, oats grass, timothy grass, and alfalfa), grain and soy mixed concentrate, beet pulp, and fatty and amino acid supplementation) as per the National Research Council (NRC) 2001 guidelines [20] for multiparous cows of 700 kg body weight, with approximately 35 kg (early and middle lactation) and 25 kg (middle to late lactation) milk yield per day per cow in each farm.

데이터처리

The correlation coefficient between post parturition PMN% and parameters from blood analysis in the closeup and faroff periods was determined using the Pearson’s productmoment correlation test. Blood metabolic parameters were compared between nonSCE (normal, PMN%<5) cows and SCE cows using the Student’s ttest.

성능/효과

We set 5% to 14% as the cutoff PMN% for defining the SCE; 5% PMN is considered adequate for diagnosing SCE at 21 to 62 DPP [9, 10] while 14% PMN% is used as the CE threshold [11]. Cytological samples in PMN%<4, 5<PMN%<14, 15< PMN% were categorized as normal, SCE, and CE, respectively. All cows except for those diagnosed with CE were analyzed in this study.
In conclusion, blood parameters of the energy status (Glu and NEFA in the closeup period, and BHBA in the faroff period) and mineral status (Ca and Mg) in the dry periods could be useful parameters for predicting the risk of onset of postpartum uterine infections. These parameters would also provide concentration management strategies for the prevention of uterine dysfunction in nutritional aspects.
01) (Table 2; Figure 1). In the closeup period, the serum concentration of Glu had a significantly negative correlation with postpartum PMN% (r = –0.74, p<0.05), while NEFA, AST, and Ca levels were negatively correlated with PMN% (r = –0.41, –0.43, –0.51, respectively).

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