[논문]Evanescent-field Q-switched Yb:YAG Channel Waveguide Lasers with Single- and Double-pass Pumping

Bae, Ji Eun; Choi, Sun Young; Krankel, Christian; Hasse, Kore; Rotermund, Fabian

doi:10.3807/copp.2021.5.2.180

[국내논문] Evanescent-field Q-switched Yb:YAG Channel Waveguide Lasers with Single- and Double-pass Pumping 원문보기

Current optics and photonics, v.5 no.2, 2021년, pp.180 - 185

Bae, Ji Eun (Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) , Choi, Sun Young (Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) , Krankel, Christian (Zentrum fur Lasermaterialien, Leibniz-Institut fur Kristallzuchtung) , Hasse, Kore (Institut fur Laser-Physik, Universitat Hamburg) , Rotermund, Fabian (Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

A femtosecond-laser inscribed Yb:YAG surface channel waveguide (WG) laser with single-walled carbon nanotubes deposited on the top surface of the WG was passively Q-switched by evanescent field interaction. Q-switched operation of the 14-mm-long compact Yb:YAG WG laser was achieved near 1031 nm with two different pumping schemes (single- and double-pass pumping) with an output coupling transmission of 91%. The Q-switched pulse characteristics depending on the absorbed pump power were investigated for both pumping geometries and analyzed in detail based on theoretical modeling. The best performances (energy/pulse duration) for each configuration were 204.4 nJ/75 ns at a repetition rate of 1.87 MHz, and 201.1 nJ/81 ns at 1.75 MHz for single- and double-pass pumping, respectively.

Keyword

표/그림 (6)

그림 FIG. 1. Experimental laser systems. (a) Optical microscope image of the surface channel WG with a track separation of 25 μm, and a schematic setup of the surface-coated SWCNT-SA Q-switched Yb:YAG WG lasers pumped in (b) single and (c) double pass.
그림 FIG. 2. Measured laser output powers of the (a) CW and (b) Q-switched operation with single-and double-pass pumping.
그림 FIG. 3. Laser emission spectra measured in Q-switched operation for single- and double-pass pumping (inset: beam profiles).
그림 FIG. 4. Calculation of fundamental laser mode confinement. (a) Calculated electric field distribution on the SWCNT-SA coated Yb:YAG surface channel WG and (b) its vertical cross-section view at the electric field maximum.
그림 FIG. 5. Q-switched laser performance for the two pumping types: (a) pulse repetition rate, (b) pulse duration and (c) pulse peak power (dots, experiments; lines, theoretical fits).
그림 FIG. 6. Observed pulses in the time domain. (a, b) Q-switched pulse train and (c, d) the shortest pulses measured at the maximum output power for single- and double-pass pump schemes.

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가설 설정

2. Measured laser output powers of the (a) CW and (b) Q-switched operation with single-and double-pass pumping.

제안 방법

In this work, we report the first evanescent-field Q switched Yb:YAG WG lasers and analyze their laser perfor- mance, depending on the pumping scheme for Q-switched, as well as for CW operation. SWCNTs were deposited on the top surface of the channel WG for evanescent field cou-pling with the guided laser beam.
2(a). For the calculation of the absorbed power, the incident pump power measured before the focusing lens was corrected by the lens’ transmission and the Fresnel losses at the WG incoupling facet before it was multiplied by the absorption efficiency of the WG under lasing conditions. The slope efficiencies were measured to be 30.
75 MHz for the single and double-pass pumping, respectively. The experimental results were systematically analyzed for both cases by comparing them with theoretical modeling. Yb:YAG is a very suitable gain medium to realize efficient WG lasers with a compact cavity design, thanks to its high absorption and emission cross sections.

이론/모형

4). The electric field distribution was solved numerically based on electromagnetic wave equations using the finite element method for the given two-dimensional structure with refractive index profiles. A side-view of the SWCNT-SA-coated Yb:YAG WG is schematically illustrated in Fig.
The theoretical modeling of the passive Q switching was based on numerical solutions of the rate equations for a quasi-three-level gain material with a fast SA, including intensity-dependent nonlinear absorption [25]. The results of the absorbed pump-power-dependent theoretical analysis are plotted in Fig.

성능/효과

8% into account, the pulse characteristics tend to be fairly similar to the experimental results for both cases. From these results, we are able to predict that the evanescent field interaction between the SWCNT-SA coated on the WG and the guided beam acquires a modulation depth of approximately 0.4% for the entire propagation of the WG, which is sufficient for Q switched operation. The acceptable discrepancy between theoretical results and experiments might be attributed to the surface WG structures and additional losses like scatter-ing in the cavity.

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