[논문]UAS, CRP 및 지상 LiDAR 융합기반 와형석조여래불의 3차원 재현과 고증 연구

오성종; 이용창

doi:10.22640/lxsiri.2021.51.1.111

[국내논문] UAS, CRP 및 지상 LiDAR 융합기반 와형석조여래불의 3차원 재현과 고증 연구
A Study on the 3D Reconstruction and Historical Evidence of Recumbent Buddha Based on Fusion of UAS, CRP and Terrestrial LiDAR 원문보기

지적과 국토정보 = Journal of cadastre & land informatix, v.51 no.1, 2021년, pp.111 - 124

오성종 (인천대학교 도시융.복합학과) , 이용창 (인천대학교 도시과학대학 도시공학과)

초록
AI-Helper

최근, 2019년 4월 15일에 있었던 노트르담 대성당 화재로 문화재 복원 및 재현에 대해 2008년 숭례문 화재사건 이후 관심이 다시 한 번 집중되고 있다. 특히, 기존에 활용되던 LiDAR 및 광파기 측량 등을 활용한 문화재 실측을 다양한 3차원 재현 기술을 활용하여 복원 및 재현하려는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 운주사의 와형석조여래불을 대상으로 최근 4차 산업혁명 시대에서 핵심기술로 자리매김한 UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)의 무인항공영상와 기존에 사진측량에 활용되던 근접영상(CRP) 및 지상 LiDAR 스캐닝을 활용하여 데이터를 획득하고, 이들을 3가지 융합모델로 SfM기반의 3차원 재현을 실시, 모델의 재현도 및 정확도를 비교·분석하였다. 아울러, 3가지의 모델 중 가장 우수한 융합모델을 활용하여 11세기 초 고려시대의 불교 천문학적 고증이 녹아있는 와형석조여래불을 실세계 좌표기반으로 북극성과의 연관성을 확인한다. 본 연구를 통해 문화재의 단순한 외형적인 3차원 재현뿐 아니라 문화재에 담긴 역사적 고증을 확인함으로써 문화재의 종류 및 형태에 따라 고증까지 함께 재현하는 방안을 모색하였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Recently, Interest in the restoration and 3D reconstruction of cultural properties due to the fire of Notre Dame Cathedral on April 15, 2019 has been focused once again after the 2008 Sungnyemun fire incident in South Korea. In particular, research to restore and reconstruct the actual measurement of cultural properties using LiDAR(Light Detection and ranging) and conventional surveying, which were previously used, using various 3D reconstruction technologies, is being actively conducted. This study acquires data using unmanned aerial imagery of UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), which has recently established itself as a core technology in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, and the existing CRP(Closed Range Photogrammetry) and terrestrial LiDAR scanning for the Recumbent Buddha of Unju Temple. Then, the 3D reconstruction was performed with three fusion models based on SfM(Structure-from-Motion), and the reproducibility and accuracy of the models were compared and analyzed. In addition, using the best fusion model among the three models, the relationship with the Polar Star(Polaris) was confirmed based on the real world coordinates of the Recumbent Buddha, which contains the astronomical history of Buddhism in the early 11th century Goryeo Dynasty. Through this study, not only the simple external 3D reconstruction of cultural properties, but also the method of reconstructing the historical evidence according to the type and shape of the cultural properties was sought by confirming the historical evidence of the cultural properties in terms of spatial information.

Keyword

표/그림 (13)

그림 Figure 1. Study flow chart
그림 Figure 2. Workflow of SfM photogrammetry Source: Farid 2018
그림 Figure 3. The schematic of a ToF sensor Source: Ling et al. 2019
그림 Figure 4. Recumbent Buddha in Unju-temple
표 Table 2. Trimble R8 GNSS specification Source: www.trimble.com
표 Table 3. Ground control points and check points
표 Table 4. DJI Phantom 4 Pro specification Source: www.dji.com
표 Table 5. Canon IXUS 180 specification Source: www.canon.co.uk
표 Table 6. Trimble SX10 specification Source: www.trimble.com
그림 Figure. 5 The result of three fusion models
표 Table 7. Check points accuracy of the 3D fusion models (unit : m)
그림 Figure 6. Polaris location in 1021(Top) and in 2021(Bottom)
그림 Figure 7. Northward deviation of Recumbent Buddha

참고문헌 (36)

Kang JO, Kim DJ, Han WJ, Lee YC. 2018. Implementing 3D Model of Sedimentary Rock Wall Based on Ground LiDAR and UAS. 2018 Joint Fall Conference 339-340.
Ko CS. 2007. A Study of Unju Temple[Thesis]. Chunnam National University.
Kim DJ, Lee YC. 2017. Combination Analysis of Three Different Types of RGB Imagery for 3D Modeling of Stonwork. Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartogaphy Conference:239-241.
Kim IK. 2014. A Study of Historical Astronomy on the Dipper Disc Stones and the Top Lying Buddha at Hwasoon Unju-Temple. The Academy of Korean Studies. 37(2):181-213.
Kim CH. 2011. A Study of Wunju Temple in Neungseong in Goryeo Dynasty. The Institute for the Study of History. 72:27-74.
Kim TH. 2018. Geospatial Information Construction of Building Using Drone. Architectural Institute of Korea. Architecture. 62(11):39-42.

원문보기 상세보기
Sung JH, Lee WH. 2017. Analysis of Low-Cost UAV Image using Image Enhancement Methods. Korea Spatial Information Society. 25(3):3-12.
Uhm DY. 2016. A Study on Improving the Positioning Accuracy of Spatial Objects Using the Multi-angle Images of Rotary-wing Drone. Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartogaphy Conference 146-148.
Oh SJ. 2020. A Study of 3D Reconstruction and Historical Evidence for Cultural Properties Based on Convergence of UAS and Terrestrial LiDAR[Thesis]. Incheon National University.
Lee DK, You YG, Lee HJ. 2017. Comparison of Modeling Product using Rotary-wing Drone and 3D Scanner. Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartogaphy Conference:184-186.
Lee SB. 2019. Reproduction of Wooden Cultural Heritage by UAV and LiDAR Surveying. Korea Spatial Information Society. 27(6):53-59.
Lee YC. 2017. Spatial Information Analysis Based on UAS Images. Book Publishing Department of Incheon National University.
Lee YC, Kang JO. 2019. The Precise Three Dimensional Phenomenon Modeling of the Cultural Heritage Based on UAS Imagery. Journal of Cadastre & Land Informatix. 49(1):85-101

원문보기 상세보기
Lee YC, Oh SJ. 2020. Availability Assessment of Single Frequency Multi-GNSS Real Time Positioning with the RTCM-State Space Representation Parameters. Journal of Cadastre & Land Informatix. 50(1):107-123.

원문보기 상세보기
Lee JJ, Kim JH, Lee SY. 2017. Deterioration Evaluation and Petrological Characteristics of the Rock-carved Seated Buddha of Hwasun Unju Temple, Korea. Journal of Conservation Science. 33(1):1-10.

원문보기 상세보기
Lee HJ, Cho KS. 2017. Comparative Accuracy of Terrestrial LiDAR and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for 3D Modeling of Cultural Properties. Journal of Cadastre & Land Informatix. 47(1):179-190.

원문보기 상세보기
Han SH. 2017. High-Resolution and High-Definition Image Acquisition Using UAV and High-Precision Aerial Triangulation. Korea Spatial Information Society. 25(3):101-109.
Han SH, Kang JO, Oh SJ, Lee YC. 2018. 3D Reconstruction of Structure Fusion-Based on UAS and Terrestrial LiDAR. Journal of Urban Science. 7(2):53-60.

원문보기 상세보기
Heo EH, Lee WY. 2018. A Study on the Utilization of Drones and Aerial Photographs for Searching Ruins with a Focus on Topographic Analysis. Annual Review in Cultural Heritage Studies. 51(2):22-37.
Dameng Yin, Le Wang. 2019. Individual mangrove tree measurement using UAV-based LiDAR data: Possibilities and challenges. Remote Sensing of Environment. 223:34-49.

상세보기
Farid Javadnejad. 2017. Small Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) for Engineering Inspections and Geospatial Mapping[Thesis]. Oregon State University.
Javier FL, Gabriel GA. 2016. Improving Archaeological Prospection Using Localized UAVs assisted Photogrammetry: An Example from the Roman Gold District of the Eria River Valley. Journal of Archaeological Science. 5: 509-520.
Jakub L, Bohumir J, Jan K, Robert M. 2018. 3D reconstruction of an Abandoned Montane Reservoir Using UAV Photogrammetry, Aerial LiDAR and Field Survey. Applied Geography. 98:9-21.

상세보기
J.S. Pozo-Antonio, I. Puente, M.F.C. Pereira, C.S.A. Rocha. 2019. Quantification and Mapping of Deterioration Patterns on Granite Surfaces by Means of Mobile LiDAR Data. Measurement. 140:227-236.

상세보기
SW Kwon, JW Park, DY Moon, SW Jung, HS Park. 2017. Smart Merging Method for Hybrid Point Cloud Data Using UAV and LIDAR in Earthwork Construction. Creative Construction Conference Primosten Croatia 19-22.
YJ Park, JM Guldmann. 2019. Creating 3D city Models with Building Footprints and LIDAR Point Cloud Classification: A Machine Learning Approach, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. Article in Computers Environment and Urban Systems. 75:76-89.

상세보기
Unju-Temple Comprehensive Academic Research. 1991. Museum in Chonnam National University.
Science Donga. 2013. 3D Laser Scanning Revived Sungnyemun. [Internet]. [https://dl.donga-science.com/pdf/aView/S201305N028]. Last accessed 13 March 2021.
NGII. 2018. Establishment of Public Survey Work Instructions Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 2018-1075.
Cultural Heritage Administration. 2014. Guidelines for Precise Measurement of National Treasures, Buildings and Cultural Properties.
MCT-NET. 2008. Image Sensor (CCD, CMOS). [Internet]. [https://www.itfind.or.kr/COMIN/file1174-%EC%9D%B4%EB%AF%B8%EC%A7%80%EC%84%BC%EC%84%9C.pdf]. Last accessed 8 April 2021.
Chosun Media. 2019. "History burned"... Sungnyemun deja vu in Notre Dame Cathedral fire. [https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2019/04/16/2019041601152.html]. Last accessed 15 March 2021.
Apple. 2021. [Internet]. [http://apple.com] Last accessed 24 March 2021.
Canon. 2021. [Internet]. [http://www.canon.co.uk]. Last accessed 25 March 2021.
DJI. 2021. [Internet]. [http://www.dji.com]. Last accessed 24 March 2021.
Trimble. 2021. [Internet]. [http://www.trimble.com]. Last accessed 25 March 2021.

저자의 다른 논문 :

활용도 분석정보

상세보기

다운로드

내보내기

활용도 Top5 논문

해당 논문의 주제분야에서 활용도가 높은 상위 5개 콘텐츠를 보여줍니다.
더보기 버튼을 클릭하시면 더 많은 관련자료를 살펴볼 수 있습니다.

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증