[논문]농업저수지의 저수량 추정을 위한 Sentinel-1 SAR 영상 기반 수체탐지 기법

정재환; 오승철; 이슬찬; 김진영; 최민하

doi:10.3741/jkwra.2021.54.7.535

농업저수지의 저수량 추정을 위한 Sentinel-1 SAR 영상 기반 수체탐지 기법
Sentinel-1 SAR image-based waterbody detection technique for estimating the water storage in agricultural reservoirs 원문보기

Journal of Korea Water Resources Association = 한국수자원학회논문집, v.54 no.7, 2021년, pp.535 - 544

정재환 (성균관대학교 수자원학과) , 오승철 (성균관대학교 건설환경공학부) , 이슬찬 (성균관대학교 수자원학과) , 김진영 (국립재난안전연구원) , 최민하 (성균관대학교 건설환경공학부)

초록
AI-Helper

농업용수는 용수수요의 48%를 차지하고 있으며, 농업 유역내의 유량관리를 위해서는 농업저수지의 관리가 중요하다. 효율적인 농업용수의 활용을 위해서는 농업저수지 및 농업 유역 내 수자원의 분포를 모니터링 할 수 있는 기술이 요구된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2018년부터 2020년까지 3년간의 Sentinel-1 영상을 활용하여 지상의 수체를 탐지하기 위한 임계값 결정 방법 세 가지(고정 임계값, Otsu 임계값, Kittler-Illingworth (KI) 임계값)을 비교하여, 정확한 저수면적을 산정하기 위한 임계값 결정 방법을 평가하고자 하였다. 또한 이동, 고삼, 기흥저수지에서 저수면적과 저수량의 관계를 분석하여, SAR 영상 기반의 저수량을 산정하였고 지상관측 자료와의 검증을 수행하였다. 수체를 탐지하기 위한 임계값 결정 방법은 KI 임계값의 경우가 가장 정확한 것으로 나타났으며, KI 임계값을 활용하여 산정된 저수량은 이동, 고삼, 기흥저수지의 지상관측 자료와의 검증에서 평균 r = 0.9235, KGE' = 0.8691 로 높은 일치도를 나타냈다. 계절에 따른 오차 특성은 충분히 관측되지 않았으나, 저수면적과 저수량 간의 관계가 급격하게 바뀌는 고수위에서의 과소 산정 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 정확한 저수량 추정을 위해서는 지상관측 자료를 통한 저수면적-저수량 관계 파악이 선행되어야 한다. 추후 수자원위성을 통한 SAR 자료의 활용이 가능해지면, 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 저수량 모니터링 및 가뭄 대응을 위한 활용에서 유용할 것으로 판단되나, 홍수예방 등의 목적으로 활용하기 위해서는 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Agricultural water occupies 48% of water demand, and management of agricultural reservoirs is essential for water resources management within agricultural basins. For more efficient use of agricultural water, monitoring the distribution of water resources in agricultural reservoirs and agricultural basins is required. Therefore, in this study, three threshold determination methods (i.e., fixed threshold, Otsu threshold, Kittler-Illingworth (KI) threshold) were compared to detect terrestrial water bodies using Sentinel-1 images for 3 years from 2018 to 2020. The purpose of this study was to evaluate methods for determining threshold values to more accurately estimate the reservoir area. In addition, by analyzing the relationship between the water surface and water storage at the Edong, Gosam, and Giheung reservoirs, water storage based on the SAR image was estimated and validated with observations. The thresholding method for detecting a waterbody was found to be the most accurate in the case of the KI threshold, and the water storage estimated by the KI threshold indicated a very high agreement (r = 0.9235, KGE' = 0.8691). Although the seasonal error characteristics were not observed, the problem of underestimation at high water levels may occur; the relationship between the water surface and the water storage could change rapidly. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the relationship between the water surface area and water storage through ground observation data for a more accurate estimation of water storage. If the use of SAR data through water resources satellites becomes possible in the future, based on the results of this study, it is judged that it will be beneficial for monitoring water storage and managing drought.

주제어

표/그림 (12)

그림 Fig. 1. Location of Giheung, Edong, and Gosam reservoirs
표 Table 1. Specifications of Edong, Gosam, and Giheung reservoir
그림 Fig. 2. Work flow of Sentinel-1 Ground Range Detected (GRD) data pre-processing
그림 Fig. 3. Time series of three different thresholds (i.e., Constant, Otsu, and Kittler-Illingworth) calculated from January 2018 to December 2020, at (a) Edong, (b) Gosam, (c) Giheung reservoir
그림 Fig. 4. Intercomparison of water surface area detected using Constant, Otsu, Kittler-Illingworth thresholds in days with (upper row) low reserve rate and (lower row) full reserve rate
그림 Fig. 5. Relationship between measured water storage and estimated water surface at Edong reservoir
그림 Fig. 6. Relationship between measured water storage and estimated water surface at Gosam reservoir
그림 Fig. 7. Relationship between measured water storage and estimated water surface at Giheung reservoir
표 Table 2. Coefficients a, b of the regression function y=ax^b
그림 Fig. 8. Scatter plot between measured and estimated water storage
그림 Fig. 9. Time series of the measured (black line) and estimated (colored dots) water storage
표 Table 3. Statistics of the estimated water storage using different thresholding methods. r refers to the correlation coefficient, β refers to the bias ratio, γ refers to the variability ratio, andKGE’ is the modified Kling-Gupta Efficiency

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