[논문]우리나라 Pseudanabaena 속 남조류 종다양성 및 남조류 기원 이취미 물질(2-MIB)의 발생

김건희; 박채홍; 심연보; 김난영; 이수곤; 장재영; 이가람; 황순진

doi:10.15681/kswe.2021.37.5.381

우리나라 Pseudanabaena 속 남조류 종다양성 및 남조류 기원 이취미 물질(2-MIB)의 발생
Pseudanabaena Species Diversity and Off-flavor Material (2-MIB) Production by Cyanobacteria in Korea 원문보기

한국물환경학회지 = Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, v.37 no.5, 2021년, pp.381 - 397

김건희 (건국대학교 상허생명과학대학 Human and Eco-Care 센터) , 박채홍 (건국대학교 상허생명과학대학 Human and Eco-Care 센터) , 심연보 (건국대학교상허생명과학대학환경보건과학과) , 김난영 (건국대학교 상허생명과학대학 Human and Eco-Care 센터) , 이수곤 (한국수자원공사한강유역본부한강유역관리처) , 장재영 (한국수자원공사한강유역본부한강유역관리처) , 이가람 (한국수자원공사한강유역본부한강유역관리처) , 황순진 (건국대학교상허생명과학대학환경보건과학과)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Off-flavor materials (geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB)) produced by microorganisms, such as, cyanobacteria and actinomycetes, cause freshwater use problems worldwide. Due to unpleasant taste and odor, these microorganisms have raised issues especially in drinking water resources. Recently, there has been increasing concern about 2-MIB and causal cyanobacteria, namely, Pseudanabaena, in Korea. However, material production and ecological dynamics remain largely unexplored. This study reviewed the distribution of Pseudanabaena, its species diversity, and the research trend of molecular ecology related to 2-MIB production in Korea. Based on published literature, we found that seven species of Pseudanabaena which include P. mucicola, P. limnetica, P. redekei, P. catenata, P. galeata, P. yagii, and P. cinerea appeared to occur in a variety of Korean water systems. All of these Pseudanabaena species were found in the North-Han River system (Lakes Soyang, Chuncheon, Uiam, and Paldang). Some of these species were also detected in other watersheds, but the precise species diversity was not identified. Species belonging to the Pseudanabaena genus are hard to classify through general microscopic alpha taxonomy, due to their very small cell size and similar morphological characters. Moreover, the potential of 2-MIB production cannot be detected by microscopic observation. Combining molecular ecological techniques, such as, environmental genomic materials (eDNA, eRNA) analyses to conventional methods could be useful to better understand the off-flavor material production and dynamics, thereby providing more efficient management strategies of freshwater systems.

주제어

표/그림 (11)

표 Table 1. Cyanobacteria producing odorous substances (geosmin and 2-MIB), listed by current taxonomic names, past synonyms, and primary habitat (Jüttner et al., 2007)
그림 Fig. 1. Distribution of Pseudanabaena taxa in Korea based on records reported from 1998 to 2019. White circles indicate reservoir and red circles indicate rivers, large weirs in the mainstream of major rivers and lakes.
그림 Fig. 2. Photos of Pseudanabaena strains; (A) P. galeata, (B) P. minima, (C) P. limnetica, (D) P. cinerea, (E) P. yagii (referred from Tuji and Niiyama (2018); Yu et al. (2015), (F) P. galeata, (G) P. cinerea, (H) P. yagii strains isolated from the North Han River (Kim et al., 2020a). Scale bars indicate 10 μm.
그림 Fig. 3. Pseudanabaena yagii GIHE-NHR1 strain (A, B) isolated downstream of the North Han River, 2018 (Jeong et al., 2020a). (C) Photo of P. limnetica occurring in the Nakdong River (NRWERC 2000).
표 Table 2. Comparison of the morphological characteristics of Pseudanabaena strains isolated from the North-Han River system (Kim et al., 2020b)
그림 Fig. 4. (A) Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree based on the amino acid sequences of MIB cyclase gene of P. yagii and P. cinerea. Numbers of branches are bootstrap values (Shizuka et al., 2020). (B) Microscopic photos of P. limnetica isolated from Castaic Lake in USA (Izaguirre et al., 1998). Bar = 10 μm. (C) P. cinerea isolated from the North Han River in Korea (Kim et al., 2020a), (D) P. cinerea isolated in Japan (Tuji et al., 2018).
표 Table 3. Spearman correlation coefficients among biological and physico-chemical variables of geosmin and 2-MIB from the North Han River System from April to October 2017 (Byun et al., 2018)
그림 Fig. 5. (A) The diagram of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) synthesis-associated operon and the positions of designed primers on mibC (Kim 2018). (B) Result of phylogenic tree analysis of PCR product in the North Han River (Kim et al., 2020b). The mibC gene sampled from the sediment of Kong-ji stream was phylogenetically monophyly with Pseudanabaena sp. and paraphyly with mibC gene of P. limnetica.
그림 Fig. 6. Phylogenic tree based on 2-MIB synthase gene (mibC gene) nucleotide sequence (Kim, 2018). Each phylogenic tree branch calculated by Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method.
그림 Fig. 7. Diversity of geosmin producing gene nucleotide sequence between cyanobacteria and streptomyces taxa (Kim, 2018).
그림 Fig. 8. (A) 2-MIB and (B) geosmin production by Oscillatoria limosa and Dolichospermum circinale, respectively, under different temperature conditions. Gray bars indicate total material concentrations produced by cyanobacteria. Circles indicate material production (i.e., material concentration produced per chlorophyll-a concentration) (Kim et al., 2018).

참고문헌 (116)

Al-Tebrineh, J., Mihali, T. K., Pomati, F., and Neilan, B. A. (2010). Detection of saxitoxin-producing cyanobacteria and Anabaena circinalis in environmental water blooms by quantitative PCR, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 76(23), 7836-7842.

상세보기
Bae, B. U., Kim, Y. I., Kim, H. Y., and Kim, G. N. (1999). Analysis of taste and odor compounds in drinking water supplies using CLSA (closed - loop stripping apparatus) and GC / MS, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 15, 479-487. [Korean Literature]
Baik, K. H. (2000). Occurrence and treatment of taste, odor and toxic material from algae in drinking water, Ph.D, Seoul City University. [Korean Literature]
Baker, L., Sendall, B. C., Gasser, R. B., Menjivar, T., Neilan, B. A., and Jex, A. R. (2013). Rapid, multiplex-tandem PCR assay for automated detection and differentiation of toxigenic cyanobacterial blooms, Molecular and Cellular Probes, 27(5-6), 208-214.

상세보기
Barnes, M. A. and Turner, C. R. (2016). The ecology of environmental DNA and implications for conservation genetics, Conservation Genetics, 17(1), 1-17.

상세보기
Berglind, L., Holtan, H., and Skulberg, O. (1983). Case studies on off-flavours in some Norwegian lakes, Water Science and Technology, 15(6-7), 199-209.

상세보기
Boopathi, T. and Ki, J. S. (2014). Impact of environmental factors on the regulation of cyanotoxin production, Toxins, 6(7), 1951-1978.

상세보기
Boopathi, T. and Wang, H. (2018). Seasonal changes in cyanobacterial diversity of a temperate freshwater Paldang reservoir (Korea) explored by using pyrosequencing, Korean Journal of Evironmental Biology, 36(3), 424-437.

원문보기 상세보기
Byeon, M. S., Byun J. H., Im, J. K., Jin, Y. H., Noh, H. R., Kim, G. S., Yu, M. N., Baek, J. S., Youn, S. J., Kim, H. N., Shim, Y. B., Ham, S. N., Jeon, G. H., Lee, S. H., Kim, G. H., Lee. H. J., and Yu, S. J. (2018). Molecular biological characteristics of cyanobacteria originated off-flavor in water (I), 11-1480523-003620-01, Han-River Water Environment Research Center. [Korean Literature]
Byun, J. H., Cho, I. H., Hwang, S. J., Park, M. H., Byeon, M. S., and Kim, B. H. (2014). Relationship between a dense bloom of cyanobacterium anabaena spp. and rainfalls in the North Han river system of South Korea, Korea Journal of Ecology and Environment, 47, 116-126. [Korean Literature]

원문보기 상세보기
Byun, J. H., Hwang, S. J., Kim, B. H., Park, J. R., Lee, J. K., and Lim, B. J. (2015). Relationship between a dense population of cyanobacteria and odorous compounds in the North Han river system in 2014 and 2015, Korea Journal of Ecology and Environment, 48(4), 263-271. [Korean Literature]

원문보기 상세보기
Byun, J. H., Yu, M., Lee, E., Yoo, S. J., Kim, B. H., and Byun, M. S. (2018). Temporal and spatial distribution of microbial community and odor compounds in the Bukhan river system, Korea Journal of Ecology and Environment, 51(4), 299-310. [Korean Literature]

원문보기 상세보기
Catarina, C., Semedo-Aguiar, A. P., Silva, A. D., Pereira-Leal, J. B., and Leite, R. B. (2020). A novel cyanobacterial geosmin producer, revising GeoA distribution and dispersion patterns in bacteria, Scientific Reports, 10(1), 8679.

상세보기
Chiu, Y. T., Yen, H. K., and Lin, T. F. (2016). An alternative method to quantify 2-MIB producing cyanobacteria in drinking water reservoirs: Method development and field applications, Environmental Research, 151, 618-627.

상세보기
Cho, Y. K. (1996). Removal countermeasures of cyanobacteria that producing odor material in the drinking water source, Symphosium of Korean Society for Environmental Sanitary Engineers, Korean Society for Environmental Sanitary Engineers. [Korean Literature]
Choi, B. G. (2017). Effects of meteoro-hydrological fluctuation on water quality change and occurrence of cyanobacterial off-flavors in Euiam reservoir, Korea, Master, Konkuk University. [Korean Literature]
Gagne, F., Ridal, J., Blaise, C., and Brownlee, B. (1999). Toxicological effects of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol on rainbow trout hepatocytes, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 63(2), 174-180.

상세보기
Gerber, N. and Lechevalier, H. (1965). Geosmin, an earthy-smelling substance isolated from actinomycetes, Applied microbiology, 13(6), 935-938.

상세보기
Giglio, S., Chou, W., Ikeda, H., Cane, D., and Monis, P. (2011). Biosynthesis of 2-methylisoborneol in cyanobacteria, Environmental Science & Technology, 45(3), 992-998.

상세보기
Gyeonggi-do Institute of Health environmental Research (GIHE). (2019) Report on phytoplankton survey of major reservoirs in Gyeonggi-do in 2018, 71-6410578-000050-01, Department of Water environmental research, 24-62. [Korean Literature]
Hangang River Water Environment Research Center (HRWEMD). (2008). Survey on the environment and ecosystem of lakes in the Han river system, Hangang River Water Environment Research Center, 0-414. [Korean Literature]
Hangang River Water Environment Research Center (HRWEMD). (2009). Survey on the environment and ecosystem of lakes in the Han river system, Hangang River Water Environment Research Center, 0-320. [Korean Literature]
Hangang River Water Environment Research Center (HRWEMD). (2010). Survey on the environment and ecosystem of lakes in the Han river system, Hangang River Water Environment Research Center, 0-481. [Korean Literature]
Hangang River Water Environment Research Center (HRWEMD). (2011). Survey on the environment and ecosystem of lakes in the Han river system, Hangang River Water Environment Research Center, 0-500. [Korean Literature]
Hangang River Water Environment Research Center (HRWEMD). (2012a). Distribution and eco-physiological characteristics of harmful algae in the North Han river, Hangang River Water Environment Research Center, 0-255. [Korean Literature]
Hangang River Water Environment Research Center (HRWEMD). (2012b). Survey on the environment and ecosystem of lakes in the Han river system, Hangang River Water Environment Research Center, 0-533. [Korean Literature]
Hangang River Water Environment Research Center (HRWEMD). (2013a). Investigation of causes of off-flavor material production by harmful algae and management strategy (1), Han River Watershed and Environment Management District, 0-330. [Korean Literature]
Hangang River Water Environment Research Center (HRWEMD). (2013b). Survey on the environment and ecosystem of lakes in the Han river system, Hangang River Water Environment Research Center, 0-450. [Korean Literature]
Hangang River Water Environment Research Center (HRWEMD). (2014a). Investigation of causes of off-flavor material production by harmful algae and management strategy (2), Han River Watershed and Environment Management District, 0-620. [Korean Literature]
Hangang River Water Environment Research Center (HRWEMD). (2014b). Survey on the environment and ecosystem of lakes in the Han river system, Hangang River Water Environment Research Center, 0-510. [Korean Literature]
Hangang River Water Environment Research Center (HRWEMD). (2015a). Investigation of causes of off-flavor material production by harmful algae and management strategy (3), Han River Watershed and Environment Management District. 0-348. [Korean Literature]
Hangang River Water Environment Research Center (HRWEMD). (2015b). Survey on the environment and ecosystem of lakes in the Han river system, Hangang River Water Environment Research Center, 0-600. [Korean Literature]
Hangang River Water Environment Research Center (HRWEMD). (2016). Survey on the environment and ecosystem of lakes in the Han river system, Hangang River Water Environment Research Center, 0-643. [Korean Literature]
Hangang River Water Environment Research Center (HRWEMD). (2017). Survey on the environment and ecosystem of lakes in the Han river system, Hangang River Water Environment Research Center, 0-662. [Korean Literature]
Hangang River Water Environment Research Center (HRWEMD). (2019). Investigation of the outbreak causes and management measures of the taste and odor compound (2-Methylisoborneol) in the North Han River water system(1), Han River Watershed and Environment Management District, 0-381 [Korean Literature]
Hangang River Water Environment Research Center (HRWEMD). (2020). Investigation of the outbreak causes and management measures of the taste and odor compound (2-Methylisoborneol) in the North Han River water system(2), Han River Watershed and Environment Management District, 0-327. [Korean Literature]
Hotto, A., Satchwell, M., and Boyer, G. (2007). Molecular characterization of potential microcystin-producing cyanobacteria in lake Ontario embayments and nearshore waters, Applied and environmental microbiology, 73(14), 4570-4578.

상세보기
Huang, H., Xu, X., Shi, C., Liu, X., and Wang, G. (2018). Response of taste and odor compounds to elevated cyanobacteria biomass and temperature, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 101(2), 272-278.

상세보기
Hur, M., Lee, I., Tak, B. M., Lee, H. J., Yu, J. J., Cheon, S. U., and Kim, B. S. (2013). Temporal shifts in cyanobacterial communities at different sites on the Nakdong river in Korea, Water research, 47(19), 6973-6982.

상세보기
Izaguirre, G. and Taylor, W. (2004). A guide to geosmin-and MIB-producing cyanobacteria in the United States, Water Science and Technology, 49(9), 19-24.

상세보기
Izaguirre, G. and Taylor, W. D. (1998). A Pseudanabaena species from Castaic lake, California, that produces 2-methylisoborneol, Water research, 32(5), 1673-1677.

상세보기
Jeong, J. Y., Lee, S. H., Yun, M. R., Oh, S. E., Hwang, S. M., Park, J. S., Hwang, C. W., Kim, T. H., Yun, M. H., and Park, H. D. (2020a). Molecular evidence for the cause of 2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) odor in North-Han River, South Korea, Annual Meeting of the Microbiological society of Korea, Korea society of Microbiology, 44.
Jeong, J. Y., Lee, S. H., Yun, M. R., Oh, S. E., Kim, T. H., Yoon, M. H. and Park, H. D. (2020b). Draft genome sequence of putative 2-methylisoborneol-producing Pseudanabaena yagii strain GIHE-NHR1, isolated from the North Han river in South Korea, Microbiology Resource Announcements, 9(27), e00431-00420.

상세보기
Jin, B. S., Cho, Y. G., Lee, J. J., and Lee, J. J. (1998). Studies on algae causing tastes and odors in the Dongbok reservoir - Detection of taste and odor substances in culture fluids and natural waters -, Journal of Environmental Engineers, 14, 229-236
Jorgensen, N. O., Podduturi, R., and Burford, M. A. (2016). Relations between abundance of potential geosmin-and 2-MIB-producing organisms and concentrations of these compounds in water from three Australian reservoirs, Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-AQUA, 65(6), 504-513.

상세보기
Jun, H. B., Lee, T. Y., Lee, S. W., and Lee, K. S. (1994). Management and improvement for the reservoir water quality by using air lift circulation, Conference of Korean society of environmental engineering, Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 55-60. [Korean Literature]
Juttner, F. and Watson, S. B. (2007). Biochemical and ecological control of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in source waters, Appliezd and environmental microbiology, 73(14), 4395-4406.

상세보기
Kim, J., Lim, J., and Lee, C. (2013). Quantitative real-time PCR approaches for microbial community studies in wastewater treatment systems: Applications and considerations, Biotechnology advances, 31(8), 1358-1373. [Korean Literature]

상세보기
Kim, J. H., Kim, M. C., Kim, H. S., and Oh, G. S. (2006). Depth distribution and degradation of geosmin and 2-MIB in water supply reservoirs in the summer season, Joint conference of Korean society of water environment and Korean society of water and wastewater, Korean society of water environment and Korean society of water and wastewater. [Korean Literature]
Kim, K. (2018). Molecular genetic analysis of cyanobacterial harmful material production potential in the North Han River, Korea, Ph.D, Konkuk University. [Korean Literature]
Kim, K., Lee, S., Seo, K., and Hwang, S. J. (2020a). Molecular identification of Pseudanabaena strains and analysis of 2-MIB production potential in the North Han river system, Korea Journal of Ecology and Environment, 53(4), 344-354. [Korean Literature]

원문보기 상세보기
Kim, K., Park, C., Yoon, Y., and Hwang, S. J. (2018). Harmful cyanobacterial material production in the North Han river (South Korea): Genetic potential and temperature-dependent properties, International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(3), 444.

상세보기
Kim, K., Yoon, Y., Cho, H., and Hwang, S. J. (2020b). Molecular probes to evaluate the synthesis and production potential of an odorous compound (2-methylisoborneol) in cyanobacteria, International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(6), 1933.

상세보기
Kim, K. H., Lim, B. J., You, K. A., Park, M. H., Park, J. H., Kim, B. H., and Hwang, S. J. (2014). Note: Identification and analysis of geosmin production potential of anabaena stain isolated from North Han river using genetic methods, Environment and Ecology, 47, 342-349. [Korean Literature]
Kim, M. K., Moon, B. R., Kim, T. K., and Zoh, K. D. (2015). A study on production & removal of microcystin, taste & odor compounds from algal bloom in the water treatment processes, Korean Journal of Public Health, 52(1), 33-42. [Korean Literature]
Kim, Y. J. and Lee, O. M. (2011). The phytoplankton community of Namdae-stream, Yeongok-stream and of Sacheon-stream in Gangwon-do, Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment, 20(3), 281-297. [Korean Literature]

원문보기 상세보기
Komatsu, M., Tsuda, M., Omura, S., Oikawa, H., and Ikeda, H. (2008). Identification and functional analysis of genes controlling biosynthesis of 2-methylisoborneol, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(21), 7422-7427.

상세보기
K-water. (2016). Development of the predictive model and analysis of occurrence characteristics for T & Os in Nam gang reservoir Water-intake gate, KIWE-WRRC-16-15, K-water. [Korean Literature]
Lee, E. J. and Choi, I. H. (2012). Community shift of phytoplankton from the Han river watershed and analysis of taste and taste substances, Joint conference of Korean society of water environment and Korean society of water and wastewater, Korean society of water environment and Korean society of water and wastewater, 766-767. [Korean Literature]
Lee, J., Rai, P. K., Jeon, Y. J., Kim, K. H., and Kwon, E. E. (2017). The role of algae and cyanobacteria in the production and release of odorants in water, Environmental Pollution, 227, 252-262.

상세보기
Lee, J. H. (1999). Dynamics of phytoplankton community in lake Daechung, Korea, Journal of Ecology and Environment, 32(4), 358-366. [Korean Literature]
Lee, J. H., Park, J. G., and Kim, E. J. (2002). Trophic states and phytoplankton compositions of dam lakes in Korea, Algae, 17(4), 275-281.

원문보기 상세보기
Lee, O. M., Yoo, M. S., Lee, B. I., and Lim, A. S. (2008). The distribution and standing crop of phytoplankton at the estuaries of Galgok stream and Incheon river in Jeollanam-do, Algae, 23(4), 257-268.

원문보기 상세보기
Lee, S. T., Choi, I. H., Choi, J. W., Lee, G. C., Kim, H. C., Kim, Y. S., Bum, M. S., Jung, A. S., Kim, S. H., Hwang, S. O., and Jo, C. D. (2009). Identification and analysis of unknown odor compounds in Paldang Reservoir (1st year), KIWE-WARC-09-04, K-water, 145. [Korean Literature]
Li, Z., Hobson, P., An, W., Burch, M. D., House, J., and Yang, M. (2012). Earthy odor compounds production and loss in three cyanobacterial cultures, Water research, 46(16), 5165-5173.

상세보기
Ludwig, F., Medger, A., Bornick, H., Opitz, M., Lang, K., Gottfert, M., and Roske, I. (2007). Identification and expression analyses of putative sesquiterpene synthase genes in phormidium sp. and prevalence of geoA-like genes in a drinking water reservoir, Applied and environmental microbiology, 73(21), 6988-6993.

상세보기
Martins, A. and Vasconcelos, V. (2011). Use of qPCR for the study of hepatotoxic cyanobacteria population dynamics, Archives of microbiology, 193(9), 615.

상세보기
Moustafa, A., Loram, J. E., Hackett, J. D., Anderson, D. M., Plumley, F. G., and Bhattacharya, D. (2009). Origin of saxitoxin biosynthetic genes in cyanobacteria, PloS one, 4(6), e5758.

상세보기
Munoz-Martin, M. A., Gomez, E. B., Perona, E., and Mateo, P. (2020). Analysis of molecular diversity within single cyanobacterial colonies from environmental samples, Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1-18.

상세보기
National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). (2012). Occurrence and management of odor compounds produced by algae in the Geum river, National Institute of Environmental Research, 0-55. [Korean Literature]
Niiyama, Y. and Tuji, A. (2019). Microcoleus pseudautumnalis sp. nov.(Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriales) producing 2-methylisoborneol, Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series B (Botany), 45(3), 93-101.
Niiyama, Y., Tuji, A., Takemoto, K., and Ichise, S. (2016). Pseudanabaena foetida sp. nov. and P. subfoetida sp. nov.(Cyanophyta/Cyanobacteria) producing 2-methylisoborneol from Japan, Fottea, 16(1), 1-11.

상세보기
Nakdong River Watershed Environmental Management District (NRWEMD). (2013). Freshwater ecosystem monitoring of weir section in Nakdong river, MONO1201520629 Nakdong River Environment Research Center, 1-349. [Korean Literature]
Nakdong River Watershed Environmental Management District (NRWEMD). (2015a). Status of the Nakdong river in first weeks June, 2015, 20150626, Nakdong River Watershed and Environment Management District, 1. [Korean Literature]
Nakdong River Watershed Environmental Management District (NRWEMD). (2015b). Survey of lake environment and ecosystem in the Nakdong river system, MONO1201520629, 1-378. [Korean Literature]
Oh, H. J., Choi, Y. J., Hwang, T. M., and Nam, S. H. (2005). The water characterization of 2-MIB, geosmin and algae in Han river's raw water, Joint conference of Korean society of water environment and Korean society of water and wastewater, Korean society of water environment and Korean society of water and wastewater.
Oikawa, T., Tsunoda, T., Nakahigashi, H., Shimoriku, M., Kanami, T., and Kimura, S. (2015). Musty odor producing benthic cyanobacteria in the Tama River (Japan) and identification of species by genetic analysis, Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-AQUA, 64(7), 839-846.

상세보기
Otten, T. G., Graham, J. L., Harris, T. D., and Dreher, T. W. (2016). Elucidation of taste-and odor-producing bacteria and toxigenic cyanobacteria in a midwestern drinking water supply reservoir by shotgun metagenomic analysis, Applied and environmental microbiology, 82(17), 5410-5420.

상세보기
Park, H. K., Shin, R. Y., Lee, H. J., Lee, K. L., and Cheon, S. U. (2015). Spatio-temporal characteristics of cyanobacterial dommunities in the middle-downstream of Nakdong river and lake Dukdong, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 31(3), 286-294. [Korean Literature]

원문보기 상세보기
Park, J. H., Moon, B. R., and Lee, O. M. (2006). The phytoplankton compositions and trophic states at several lakes of Suwon-si, Korea, Algae, 21, 217-228.

원문보기 상세보기
Pham, T., Bui, M. H., Driscoll, M., Shimizu, K., and Motoo, U. (2020). First report of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) in Dolichospermum and oscillatoria from Vietnam, Limnology, 1-14.
Saker, M. L., Vale, M., Kramer, D., and Vasconcelos, V. M. (2007). Molecular techniques for the early warning of toxic cyanobacteria blooms in freshwater lakes and rivers, Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 75(2), 441-449.

상세보기
Sayers, E. W., Beck, J., Brister, J. R., Bolton, E. E., Canese, K., Comeau, D. C., Funk, K., Ketter, A. and Kim, S. (2020). Database resources of the national center for biotechnology information, Nucleic acids research, 48(D1), D7-19.
Schoch, C. L., Ciufo, S., Domrachev, M., Hotton, C. L., Kannan, S., Khovanskaya, R., Leipe, D., Mcveigh, R., O'Neill, K., and Robbertse, B. (2020). Database resources of the national center for biotechnology information, Nucleic Acids Research , 4;46( D1), D8-D13.
Seoul Research Institute of Public Health and Environment (SRIPH). (2014). Tap water supply: Safe and tasty tap water for Seoul cities, Seoul Research Institute of Public Health and Environment. [Korean Literature]
Shizuka, K., Ikenaga, M., Murase, J., Nakayama, N., Matsuya, N., Kakino, W., Taruya, H., and Maie, N. (2020). Diversity of 2-MIB-Producing cyanobacteria in lake Ogawara: microscopic and molecular ecological approaches, Aquatic culture Science, 68(1), 9-23.
Song, K. G., Lee, B. K., Shin, J., and Chae, A. (2015). Development and demonstration of control platform through alternative adsorbent and unit process development for algal T&O matters induced from algal bloom, Korea Institute of Science and Technology. [Korean Literature]
Sun, D., Yu, J., An, W., Yang, M., Chen, G., and Zhang, S. (2013). Identification of causative compounds and microorganisms for musty odor occurrence in the Huangpu River, China, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 25(3), 460-465.

상세보기
Taberlet, P., Bonin, A., Zinger, L., and Coissac, E. (2018). Environmental DNA: For biodiversity research and monitoring, Oxford University Press.
Tawong, W. (2017). Diversity of the potential 2-Methylisoborneol-producing genotypes in Thai strains of Planktothricoides (Cyanobacteria), Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 60, e17160567.

상세보기
Te, S. H., Tan, B. F., Boo, C. Y., Thompson, J. R., and Gin, K. Y. H. (2017). Genomics insights into production of 2-methylisoborneol and a putative cyanobactin by Planktothricoides sp. SR001, Standards in genomic sciences, 12(1), 35.

상세보기
Thomsen, P. F. and Willerslev, E. (2015). Environmental DNA-An emerging tool in conservation for monitoring past and present biodiversity, Biological conservation, 183, 4-18.

상세보기
Tokuko, T., Hirokazu, N., Taku, K., and Tomo, O. (2014). Genetic analysis of 2-methylisoborneol - Producing cyanobacterium Sampled from the upper reaches of the Tama river, Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment, 37(1), 9-13.

상세보기
Tsao, H. W., Michinaka, A., Yen, H. K., Giglio, S., Hobson, P., Monis, P., and Lin, T. F. (2014). Monitoring of geosmin producing Anabaena circinalis using quantitative PCR, Water research, 49, 416-425.

상세보기
Tuji, A. and Niiyama, Y. (2018). Two new Pseudanabaena (Cyanobacteria, Synechococcales) species from Japan, Pseudanabaena cinerea and Pseudanabaena yagii, which produce 2-methylisoborneol, Phycological Research, 66(4), 291-299.

상세보기
Uk, B. B., Kim, Y. I., Lim, B. S., Ahn, C. J., and Lee, T. Y. (1996). Natural decay of algae - related odor in Daechung dam, Journal of Environmental Engineers, 20, 1161-1170.
Vaitomaa, J., Rantala, A., Halinen, K., Rouhiainen, L., Tallberg, P., Mokelke, L., and Sivonen, K. (2003). Quantitative real-time PCR for determination of microcystin synthetase E copy numbers for microcystis and anabaena in lakes, Applied and environmental microbiology, 69(12), 7289-7297.

상세보기
Vezie, C., Brient, L., Sivonen, K., Bertru, G., Lefeuvre, J. C., and Salkinoja-Salonen, M. (1998). Variation of microcystin content of cyanobacterial blooms and isolated strains in lake Grand-Lieu (France), Microbial ecology, 35(2), 126-135.

상세보기
Wang, Z., Shao, J., Xu, Y., Yan, B., and Li, R. (2015). Genetic basis for geosmin production by the water bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Anabaena ucrainica, Water, 7(1), 175-187.

상세보기
Wang, Z., Song, G., Li, Y., Yu, G., Hou, X., Gan, Z., and Li, R. (2019). The diversity, origin, and evolutionary analysis of geosmin synthase gene in cyanobacteria, Science of The Total Environment, 689, 789-796.

상세보기
Wang, Z., Song, G., Shao, J., Tan, W., Li, Y., and Li, R. (2016). Establishment and field applications of real-time PCR methods for the quantification of potential MIB-producing cyanobacteria in aquatic systems, Journal of Applied Phycology, 28(1), 325-333.

상세보기
Wang, Z., Xu, Y., Shao, J., Wang, J., and Li, R. (2011). Genes associated with 2-methylisoborneol biosynthesis in cyanobacteria: isolation, characterization, and expression in response to light, PloS one, 6(4), e18665.

상세보기
Watson, S. B., Monis, P., Baker, P., and Giglio, S. (2016). Biochemistry and genetics of taste-and odor-producing cyanobacteria, Harmful Algae, 54, 112-127.

상세보기
Whangchai, N., Pimpimon, T., Sompong, U., Suwanpakdee, S., Gutierrez, R., and Itayama, T. (2017). Study of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) producers in Phayao lake, Thailand, International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, 7(3), 177-184.

상세보기
Wu, D. and Duirk, S. E. (2013). Quantitative analysis of earthy and musty odors in drinking water sources impacted by wastewater and algal derived contaminants, Chemosphere, 91(11), 1495-1501.

상세보기
Yoccoz, N. G. (2012). The future of environmental DNA in ecology, Molecular Ecology, 21(8), 2031-2038.

상세보기
You, K. A., Byeon, M. S., Youn, S. J., Hwang, S., and Rhew, D. H. (2013). Growth characteristics of blue-green algae (Anabaena spiroides) causing tastes and odors in the North-Han river, Korea, Korea Journal of Ecology and Environment, 46, 135-144.

원문보기 상세보기
Yeong-San River Watershed Environmental Management District (YSRWEMD). (2014). Aquatic ecosystem monitoring in weirs of the Yeongsan river, Yeongsan River Water Environment Research Center, 0-303. [Korean Literature]
Yeong-San River Watershed Environmental Management District (YSRWEMD). (2015). Aquatic ecosystem monitoring in weirs of the Yeongsan river, Yeongsan River Water Environment Research Center, 0-400. [Korean Literature]
Yeong-San River Watershed Environmental Management District (YSRWEMD). (2018). Aquatic ecosystem monitoring in weirs of the Yeongsan river, Yeongsan River Water Environment Research Center, 0-359. [Korean Literature]
Yu, G., Zhu, M., Chen, Y., Pan, Q., Chai, W., and Li, R. (2015). Polyphasic characterization of four species of Pseudanabaena (Oscillatoriales, Cyanobacteria) from China and insights into polyphyletic divergence within the Pseudanabaena genus, Phytotaxa, 192(1), 1-12.

상세보기
Yu, J. J., Lee, H. J., Lee, K. L., Lyu, H. S., Whang, J. W., Shin, L. Y., and Chen, S. U. (2014). relationship between distribution of the dominant phytoplankton species and water temperature in the Nakdong river, Korea, Korea Journal of Ecology and Environment, 47(4), 247-257.

원문보기 상세보기
Zhang, R., Qi, F., Liu, C., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Song, Z., Kumirska, J., and Sun, D. (2019). Cyanobacteria derived taste and odor characteristics in various lakes in China: Songhua Lake, Chaohu Lake and Taihu Lake, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 181, 499-507.

상세보기
Zhang, T., Zheng, L., Li, L., and Song, L. (2016). 2-Methylisoborneol production characteristics of Pseudanabaena sp. FACHB 1277 isolated from Xionghe reservoir, China, Journal of Applied Phycology, 28(6), 3353-3362.

상세보기
Zhao, Q. (2012). Treatment of taste and odor compounds in Oklahoma surface water, Bachelor, Oklahoma State University.
Zuo, Y., Li, L., Wu, Z., and Song, L. (2009). Isolation, identification and odour-producing abilities of geosmin/2-MIB in actinomycetes from sediments in Lake Lotus, China, Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-AQUA, 58(8), 552-561.

상세보기

저자의 다른 논문 :

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증