[논문]Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Copper Pyrithione Reduces Cholinergic Activity and Induces Oxidative Stress in a Marine Polychaete

Md. Niamul, Haque; Jae-Sung, Rhee

doi:10.23005/ksmls.2022.7.2.113

Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Copper Pyrithione Reduces Cholinergic Activity and Induces Oxidative Stress in a Marine Polychaete 원문보기

한국해양생명과학회지 = Journal of marine life science, v.7 no.2, 2022년, pp.113 - 120

Md. Niamul, Haque (Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University) , Jae-Sung, Rhee (Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Despite concerns about the significant toxicity of copper pyrithione (CuPT) at environmental concentrations, effects of CuPT on benthic organisms have received little attention. Here, we analyzed the detrimental effects of CuPT at sublethal concentrations (1/50, 1/20, and 1/10 of the 96 h-LC50 value) for 14 days in the marine polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis. Reduced burrowing activity and significantly decreased the acetylcholinesterase activity in response to relatively high concentrations of CuPT were identified as CuPT-triggered cholinergic inhibition. The lipid peroxidation marker, malondialdehyde levels were dose-dependently increased, whereas intracellular glutathione was depleted by relatively high concentrations. In the CuPT-treated polychaete, significant fluctuations in the enzymatic activities of the antioxidant defense system (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase) were observed with significantly modulated glutathione 𝘚-transferase activity. These results indicate that even sublethal levels of CuPT would have detrimental effects on the health status of the marine polychaete.

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표/그림 (4)

그림 Fig. 1. Changes in the (A) number of unburrowed polychaete and (B) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in marine polychaete P aibuhitensis exposed to control, DMSO, and CuPT (1/50, 1/20, and 1/10 of the LC50 values) for 30 min and 14 days, respectively. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (S.D.) of three replicates. Asterisk (*) on the data bar is indicating a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to the control.
그림 Fig. 2. Changes in the contents of (A) malondialdehyde (MDA) and (B) glutathione (GSH) in marine polychaete P aibuhitensis exposed to control, DMSO, and CuPT (1/50, 1/20, and 1/10 of the LC50 values) at 24 h, 96 h, 7 days, and 14 days. Data are presented as mean ± S.D., and an asterisk (*) on the data bar is indicating a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to the control.
그림 Fig. 3. Changes in the enzymatic activity of (A) catalase (CM), (B) superoxide dismutase (SOD), (C) glutathione reductase (GR), and (D) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in marine polychaete P aibuhitensis exposed to control, DMSO, and CuPT (1/50, 1/20, and 1/10 of the LC50 values) at 24 h, 96 h, 7 days, and 14 days. Data are presented as mean ± S.D., and an asterisk (*) on the data bar is indicating a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to the control.
그림 Fig. 4. Changes in glutathione 오transferase (GST) enzyme activity in marine polychaete P aibuhitensis exposed to control, DM SO, and CuPT (1/50, 1/20, and 1/10 of the LC50 values) at 24 h, 96 h, 7 days, and 14 days. Data are presented as mean 土 S.D., and an asterisk (*) on the data bar is indicating a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to the control.

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데이터처리

A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Duncan's multiple range test was used to evaluate significant differences between the control and treated groups

성능/효과

The severity of the impairment of cholinergic parameters and antioxidant response was clearly associated with the concentration of CuPT. Although alternatives to TBT including CuPT has been introduced in antifouling paints due to the harmful effects of TBT on non-target marine species, results from this study suggest potential toxicity to the non-target animals close to that of the TBT-based antifoulants. In addition, the biomarker parameters employed in this study can be widely used as promising indicator of CuPT contamination in marine environments.
CAT activity was significantly increased in the 1/50 LC50 CuPT-exposed polychaetes at 96 h and day 14, whereas significantly decreased activities were observed in response to 1/10 LC50 value on days 7 and 14 (p < 0.05) (Fig
GR activity was significantly increased by 1/50 and 1/10 LC50 values at 24 h and 1/50 and 1/20 LC50 values at 96 h, respectively, whereas its activities were significantly decreased by 1/20 and 1/10 LC50 values at day 7 and 1/50, 1/20, and 1/10 LC50 at day 14, respectively (p < 0.05) (Fig
In marine polychaetes exposed to CuPT, significant increases in MDA content were observed in response to 1/10 LC50 value at 96 h, 1/50, 1/20, and 1/10 LC50 values at day 7, and 1/20 and 1/10 LC50 values at days 14, compared with the control (p < 0.05) (Fig
SOD activity was significantly increased in response to 1/50 LC50 value at 24 h, 96 h, and day 14 and 1/20 LC50 value at 96 h, while significantly decreased activities were measured after exposure to 1/10 LC50 value at day 7 and 1/20 and 1/10 LC50 values at day 14 (p < 0.05) (Fig
Significantly elevated GSH contents were detected in response to 1/50 LC50 value on day 7 and 14, whereas significantly decreased GSH contents were observed after exposure to 1/10 LC50 value on day 7 and 1/20 and 1/10 LC50 values on day 14 (p < 0.05) (Fig
The enzymatic activities of GST were significantly elevated by 1/50 and 1/20 LC50 values at 24 h and 1/50 LC50 value at 96 h, whereas significantly decreased GST activities were observed in response to 1/10 LC50 value at day 7 and 1/20 and 1/10 LC50 values at day 14 (p < 0.05) (Fig
The enzymatic activity of GPx was significantly increased by 1/20 LC50 value at 96 h, whereas significantly decreased activity was observed in response to 1/10 LC50 value on day 7 and 14 (p < 0.05) (Fig
This is the first report exposing a marine polychaete to sublethal concentrations of the antifoulant CuPT. The overall results analyzed in this study show that CuPT could exert harmful effects on the cholinergic system, antioxidant defense system, and detoxification metabolism in marine polychaetes. The severity of the impairment of cholinergic parameters and antioxidant response was clearly associated with the concentration of CuPT.

후속연구

In addition, the biomarker parameters employed in this study can be widely used as promising indicator of CuPT contamination in marine environments. However, more studies are needed to understand the mode of toxicity of CuPT in the other benthic communities at the ecological level.
Although alternatives to TBT including CuPT has been introduced in antifouling paints due to the harmful effects of TBT on non-target marine species, results from this study suggest potential toxicity to the non-target animals close to that of the TBT-based antifoulants. In addition, the biomarker parameters employed in this study can be widely used as promising indicator of CuPT contamination in marine environments. However, more studies are needed to understand the mode of toxicity of CuPT in the other benthic communities at the ecological level.

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