[논문]통합 하이브리드시스템을 활용한 폐가스 처리 거동

이은주; 임광희

doi:10.9713/kcer.2022.60.1.100

통합 하이브리드시스템을 활용한 폐가스 처리 거동
Time-Dependent Behavior of Waste-Air Treatment Using Integrated Hybrid System 원문보기

Korean chemical engineering research = 화학공학, v.60 no.1, 2022년, pp.100 - 115

초록
AI-Helper

교대로 운전되는 광촉매반응기 공정 및 바이오필터 공정[전통적 바이오필터(L 반응기)와 두 개의 유닛(R_up 및 R_dn)을 가지는 개선된 바이오필터(R 반응기)]으로 구성된 통합 하이브리드시스템(통합처리시스템)에서 에탄올과 황화수소를 동시 함유한 폐가스 처리를 성공적으로 수행하였다. 통합처리시스템의 운전 단계로서 HA1, HA2 및 폐가스의 공급 방향이 뒤바뀐 HA3T stage의 광촉매 공정에서 각각 55, 50 및 45%의 에탄올 제거효율과 각각 70, 60 및 37%의 황화수소 제거효율을 보였다. 특히, HA3T stage에서 통합처리시스템으로 공급되는 폐가스(feed)의 황화수소 농도가 10 ppmv에서 20 ppmv로 급증함에 따른 황화수소 부하량의 증가로 인하여 특히 황화수소 제거효율의 급격한 감소를 관찰하였다. 통합처리시스템의 HA1, HB1, HA2 및 HB2 stage 및 HA3T stage의 초반에, 개선된 바이오필터(R 반응기)의 각 유닛에 설치한 sampling 구들의 에탄올의 파과 순서 및 에탄올 처리효율의 크기 순서는, HA3T stage 후반과 HB3T stage의 경우에서 각각 거꾸로 바뀌었다. 한편 개선된 바이오필터(R 반응기)에서 황화수소의 경우는 파과 정도가 에탄올의 경우만큼 두드러지지는 않았으나 비슷한 추세가 관찰되었다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

In this study, integrated hybrid system (IHS) composed of two alternatively-operating UV/photocatalytic reactor (AOPR) process and biofilter processes of a biofilter system having two units (i.e., Rup and Rdn) with an improved design (R reactor) and a conventional biofilter (L reactor) was constructed, and its transient behavior was observed to perform the successful treatment of waste air containing ethanol and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). At the IHS-operating stages of HA1, HA2 and HA3T of reversed feed direction, the AOPR process showed not only ethanol-removal efficiencies of 55, 50 and 45%, respectively, but also H2S-removal efficiencies of 70, 60 and 37%, respectively. In particular, a drastic decrease of H2S-removal efficiency at the stage of HA3T was observed due to a doubling of H2S-inlet concentration fed to AOPR from 10 ppmv to 20 ppmv at the stage of HA3T. The order of ethanol-breakthroughs and the order of the magnitude of ethanol-removal efficiencies at the sampling ports of each unit of R reactor at the stages of HA1, HB1, HA2, HB2, and the first half of HA3T, were reversed, respectively, at the stages of the second half of HA3T and HB3T. In case of H2S, R reactor did not show H2S-breakthrough as prominent as the ethanol-breakthrough, but showed the trend similar to the ethanol-breakthrough.

주제어

표/그림 (19)

그림 Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of integrated hybrid waste-air treatment system.
그림 Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of integrated hybrid waste-air treatment system (HA and HB) composed of alternately operating-two annular UV/photo-catalytic reactors (the left one (A) and the right one (C) for HA and HB, respectively) and two biofilter systems (a conventional biofilter (L reactor) and an improved biofilter (R reactor), fed with synthetic contaminated air containing hydrogen sulfide and ethanol.
그림 Fig. 3. (a) Biofilter system with improved design (R reactor). 1. R_up1 (lower column ① of upper biofilter), 2. R_up2 (upper column ② of upper biofilter), 3. R_dn1 (upper column ③ of lower biofilter), 4. R_dn2 (lower column ④ of lower biofilter), 5. Biofilter system with improved design, 6. Microbes-carrying-media, 7. Waste air fed to a biofilter, 8. Treated waste air fed bottom-up, 9. Treated waste air fed top-down, 10. Treated waste air upon feeding direction being reversed (T), *ⓟ denotes a pressure gauge. (b) Conventional biofilter (L reactor). 1. L1 (1st column ① of a biofilter), 2. L₂ (2nd column ② of a biofilter), 3. L₃ (3rd column ③ of a biofilter), 4. L₄ (4th column ④ of a biofilter), 6. Microbes-carrying-media, 7. Waste air fed to a biofilter, 9. Treated waste air fed top-down, *ⓟ denotes a pressure gauge.
그림 Fig. 4. Procedure of run and regeneration of alternately operating-two annular UV/photo-catalytic reactors (A and C) system (AOTPR) in the integrated hybrid systems of HA and HB, respectively. 1) A1, A2 and A3 denote photocatalytic reactors using A4, AD1 and AD2, respectively, while A4, AD1 and AD2 denote virgin photocatalyst-loaded porous silica-based carrier, regenerated (1reg(1)) photocatalyst-loaded one upon 1 time-run (1run(1)) and 2 times regenerated (3reg(2)) photocatalyst-loaded one upon 2 time-runs (3run(2)), respectively, which also applies to C; Both x and y in terms of xrun(y) and xreg(y), denote cumulative number of run or regeneration in AOTPR and the one in A or C, respectively. 2) HAn and HBn denote the integrated hybrid systems composed of alternately operating photocatalytic reactors A and C, respectively, performing n^th run prior to n^th regeneration of photocatalyst carried in SiO₂ medium, and biofilters of the one with an improved design and the conventional one. 3) T denotes the reversal of feed direction of the biofilter with the improved design from ⑧ and ⑨ (solid line) to ⑩ (dotted line) as shown in Fig. 3a. 4) The running period of each stage was assigned to be 1 month.
표 Table 1. Compositions of buffer and mineral solution
표 Table 3. Operating-order of integrated hybrid system for waste-air treatments
표 Table 2. Compositions of culture medium
표 Table 4. Operating conditions of integrated hybrid system for wate-air treatment
그림 Fig. 5. Time-dependent behavior of ethanol feed and effluent concentration of each process at its designated sampling ports (photocatalytic reactor (P); biofilter (R(Fig. 3a) and L(Fig. 3b)) of integrated hybrid systems (HAn and HBn) treating ethanol-and-H₂S containing-waste-air, composed of alternately operating photocatalytic reactors A and C, as shown in Fig. 4, respectively, performing n^th run prior to n^th regeneration of photocatalyst carried in SiO₂ medium, and biofilters of the one with an improved one(R reactor) and the conventional one (L reactor): (a) stage 1 of HA1; (b) stage 2 of HB1; (c) stage 3 of HA2; (d) stage 4 of HB2; (e) stage 5 of HA3T; (f) stage 6 of HB3T (R_out denotes a sampling port at the exit of merged effluent from R_dn and R_up).
그림 Fig. 6. Time-dependent behavior of ethanol-removal efficiency of each process at its designated sampling ports (photocatalytic reactor(P); biofilter (R(Fig. 3a) and L(Fig. 3b)) of integrated hybrid systems (HAn and HBn) treating ethanol-and-H₂S containing-waste-air, composed of alternately operating photocatalytic reactors A and C, as shown in Fig. 4, respectively, performing n^th run prior to n^th regeneration of photocatalyst carried in SiO₂ medium, and biofilters of the one with an improved one(R reactor) and the conventional one(L reactor): (a) stage 1 of HA1; (b) stage 2 of HB1; (c) stage 3 of HA2; (d) stage 4 of HB2; (e) stage 5 of HA3T; (f) stage 6 of HB3T (SP denotes sampling ports.).
그림 Fig. 7. Time-dependent behavior of hydrogen sulfide feed and effluent concentration of each process at its designated sampling ports (photo-catalytic reactor (P); biofilter (R(Fig. 3a) and L(Fig. 3b)) of integrated hybrid systems (HAn and HBn) treating ethanol-and-H₂S containing-waste-air, composed of alternately operating photocatalytic reactors A and C, as shown in Fig. 4, respectively, performing n^th run prior to n^th regeneration of photocatalyst carried in SiO₂ medium, and biofilters of the one with an improved one (R reactor) and the conventional one(L reactor): (a) stage 1 of HA1; (b) stage 2 of HB1; (c) stage 3 of HA2; (d) stage 4 of HB2; (e) stage 5 of HA3T; (f) stage 6 of HB3T (R_out denotes a sampling port at the exit of merged effluent from R_dn and R_up).
그림 Fig. 8. Time-dependent behavior of hydrogen sulfide-removal efficiency of each process at its designated sampling ports (photocatalytic reactor (P); biofilter (R(Fig. 3a) and L(Fig. 3b)) of integrated hybrid systems (HAn and HBn) treating ethanol-and-H₂S containing-waste-air, composed of alternately operating photocatalytic reactors A and C, as shown in Fig. 4, respectively, performing n^th run prior to n^th regeneration of photocatalyst carried in SiO₂ medium, and biofilters of the one with an improved one(R reactor) and the conventional one(L reactor): (a) stage 1 of HA1; (b) stage 2 of HB1; (c) stage 3 of HA2; (d) stage 4 of HB2; (e) stage 5 of HA3T; (f) stage 6 of HB3T (SP denotes sampling ports.).
그림 Fig. 9. Intensity of UV light emitted to the outside of a photocatalytic reactor of the integrated hybrid system through its pyrex wall at each operating stage.
그림 Fig. 10. Distribution of biofiter-media pH at various effective heights of biofilters (L and R reactors).
그림 Fig. 11. Volume of discharged wastewater from biofilter (L and R reactors)-drains according to operating stages of the integrated waste-air treating system.
그림 Fig. 12. pH of discharged wastewater from biofilter (L and R reactors)-drains according to operating stages of the integrated waste-air treating system.
그림 Fig. 13. S^2- concentration of discharged wastewater from biofilter (L and R reactors)-drains according to operating stages of the integrated waste-air treating system.
그림 Fig. 14. SO₃^2- concentration of discharged wastewater from biofilter (L and R reactors)-drains according to operating stages of the integrated waste-air treating system.
그림 Fig. 15. SO₄^2- concentration of discharged wastewater from biofilter (L and R reactors)-drains according to operating stages of the integrated waste-air treating system.

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