[논문]직업성 극저주파 자기장 노출평가와 노출 기준에 대한 쟁점 고찰

박동욱; 이승희; 조경이

doi:10.15269/jksoeh.2022.32.4.381

직업성 극저주파 자기장 노출평가와 노출 기준에 대한 쟁점 고찰
Brief Review on Exposure Characteristics, Monitoring Instruments and Threshold Limit Values for Extremely Low Frequency-Magnetic Field (ELF-MF) 원문보기

한국산업보건학회지 = Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, v.32 no.4, 2022년, pp.381 - 392

박동욱 (한국방송통신대학교 보건환경학과) , 이승희 (한국방송통신대학교 보건환경학과) , 조경이 (서울대학교 보건대학원 환경보건학과)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Objectives: Objective of this study is to review briefly exposure characteristics, monitoring instruments and threshold limit values for extremely low frequency-magnetic field (ELF-MF) methods. This study was undertaken through brief literature review. We performed a literature search in PubMed to identify ELF-MF studies conducted in workplaces. Initial search keywords such as 'extremely low frequency-magnetic field (ELF-MF)' and 'electromagnetic fields (EMF)' combined or singly. We limited our review to occupational rather than general nonworkplace environmental exposures. Methods: The contents we reviewed: key industry and occupations generating ELF-MF, several direct-reading instruments monitoring ELF-MF and threshold limit values (TLV) preventing health effects may be caused by the exposure to ELF-MF. Results: The industries related to the generation and supply of electricity, electrolytic installations, welding, and induction heating and more were regarded as high ELF-MF exposure industries. All jobs handling or employed performed in power cable lines, electrical wiring, and electrical equipment are found to be exposed to ELF-MF. Threshold or ceiling limit, 1,000 µT, is established to prevent acute effects of exposure to low-frequency EMFs on the nervous system: the direct stimulation of nerve and muscle tissues and the induction of retinal phosphenes. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified ELF-MF as possibly carcinogenic to humans chiefly based on epidemiological studies on childhood leukemia. However, a causal relationship between magnetic fields and several types of cancer including childhood leukemia has not been established nor has any other long-term effects. Risk management using precautionary measures, has been initiated by the US and EU to prevent chronic health effects related to ELF-MF exposure in workplaces. Conclusion: This study recommends the implementation of various measures such as theestablishment of occupational exposure limit values for ELF-MF and precautionary principle to prevent potential chronic occupational health effects may be caused by ELF-MF in Korea.

주제어

표/그림 (7)

표 Table 1. Classification of electromagnetic fields by frequency
표 Table 2. Different EMF sources and corresponding frequency range of the emission
표 Table 3. Summary of ELF magnetic field exposures among various types of manufacturing industries reported in South Korea
표 Table 4. Average magnetic field exposures for various types of workers (unit: μT) (NIOSH, 2022)^*
표 Table 5. Characteristics of direct reading instruments to monitor extremely low frequency magnetic fields
표 Table 6. ACGIH-TLV for sub-radiofrequency (30 kHz and below) magnetic fields
표 Table 7. EU action level for exposure to magnetic field from 1 Hz to 10 MHz

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