[논문]감귤원에서 초생관리와 합성피레스로이드계 조합처리가 귤응애와 천적의 발생양상에 미치는 단기효과

현승용; 김동순

doi:10.5656/ksae.2022.02.1.060

감귤원에서 초생관리와 합성피레스로이드계 조합처리가 귤응애와 천적의 발생양상에 미치는 단기효과
Effects of Ground Vegetation and Pyrethroid Spray on the Population Dynamics of Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Natural Enemies in Citrus Orchard: A Short-term Effect 원문보기

한국응용곤충학회지 = Korean journal of applied entomology, v.61 no.1, 2022년, pp.255 - 266

현승용 (제주대학교 생명자원과학대학) , 김동순 (제주대학교 아열대생명과학연구소)

초록
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본 연구에서는 감귤원에서 초생재배 유무(초생재배 W, 제초제 살포 NW)와 합성피레스로이드계 살포유무(살포 P, 무살포 NP)에 따른 귤응애의 개체군 동태를 구명하고자 수행되었다. 두 가지 기본적인 가설로 1) 초생재배는 천적의 서식처를 제공하여 천적의 정착을 높이므로 귤응애의 발생을 감소시키는 요인으로 작용하며, 2) 합성피레스로이드계는 천적을 제거하여 귤응애의 밀도를 증가시키는 요인으로 가정하였다. 관측된 천적 개체군(주로 이리응애류와 마름응애류)의 발생은 가정에 근거한 기대치와 크게 다르지 않았다. 2011년의 경우 NW+NP 처리구와 W+NP 처리구에서 차이가 있었으나, 2012년 실험에서는 기대치와 관측치가 거의 일치하였다. 전체적으로 약제효과가 뚜렷하게 나타나서 합성피레스로이드계 살포시 천적이 유의하게 감소하였다. 잡초효과는 엇갈리는 결과를 보였는데, 봄-유래 여름 개체군 대비 가을 개체군의 증가 등을 고려할 때 초생재배를 하는 경우 천적의 발생이 증가하였다. 다만, 합성피레스로이드계 살포구에서 귤응애가 감소하는 비이상적인 결과는 귤응애의 합성피레스로이드계에 대한 강한 기피성을 전제로 해석할 수 있었다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This study was conducted to examine the effects of grass vegetation (W: manual weeding, NW: herbicide sprays) and pyrethroid spray (P: pyrethroid spray, NP: no pyrethroid spray) on the population dynamics of Panonychus citri and natural enemies in citrus orchards. Two essential hypothesis were made to test the population dynamics: 1) weed planting promotes natural enemies by offering habitat and alternative food sources, resulting in the reduction of P. citri populations, and 2) pyrethroid spray removes natural enemies by its non-selective toxicity, resulting in the increasement of P. citri populations. The observed natural enemy populations (mainly Phytoseiids and Agistemus sp.) were not different largely from the expected values in the hypothesis, which assumes more abundant natural enemies in weeds and no pyrethroid plots. Although some discrepancy was occurred in NW+NP and W+NP plots in 2011, the observed values were almost same with expected values in 2012. In overall, pesticide effect was strongly significant and pyrthroids removed largely natural enemies. Although habitat (weeds) effect showed a conflict result, natural enemy population increased in plots allowing weed growth, when considering the increased autumn population relatively compared to that of spring-summer population. The decreased abnormal P. citri populations in pyrethroid plots could be explained under the assumption of a strong repellent behavior of P. citri to the pyrethroids.

주제어

표/그림 (8)

그림 Fig. 1. Hypothetical representation for the response of citrus red mite and natural enemy responses according to the ground vegetation management (W, NW) and pesticide spray (P,NP). A. Three dimensional view, B. The response of natural enemies, and C. The response of citrus red mite. The symbols used in this study indicate as follows: W = Weeds managed manually, NW = Herbicide spray, P = Pyrethroid spray, and NP = No pyrethroid. Habitat and pesticide effects were arbitrarily arranged from 0.1 to 1.0 by 0.1 intervals according to the relative impact, and the population sizes of phytophagous mite and natural enemy were estimated under the assumption of linearity and equality of the two variables. The expected outputs marked on B and C (see symbols in circles) were estimated with NW = 0.2, W = 0.8, NP = 0.2, and P = 0.8, for the purpose of quantification.
그림 Fig. 2. Seasonal population abundances of P. citri in experimental plots in 2011 where different practices of weed management and pyrethroid spray were applied. The means with same letters on the figure at same date are not significantly different by Tukey test at P = 5%. Weeds = Wild weeds on the ground were manually mowed on 6 June and 29 August. No weeds = Glyphosate (a.i. 41%, 200x) was sprayed on 3 June and 4 August. Pyrethroid = Cypermethrin (a.i. 5%, 1,000x) was sprayed six times (see Table S1, available online). No pyrethroid = No pyrethroid (cypermethrin) was applied.
그림 Fig. 3. The effect of the combinations of weed and pyrethroid treatment on the cumulative mite days (CMD) in 2011. A = 2 × 2 contingency chart, and B = CMD by treatment. The CMDs were calculated from 17 August to 26 December in 2011 (see Fig. 2 or Table S1 for detail spray program). The sub-means in A with same letters are not significantly different by Tukey test at P = 5% based on two-way ANOVA (see Table S3, available online). The means with same letters on bars (B) are not significantly different by Tukey test at P = 5% based on one-way ANOVA.
그림 Fig. 4. The population abundances (A) of natural enemies of P. citri in experimental plots in 2011 where different management measures were applied (see Fig. 2 or Table S1 for detail spray program). The 2 × 2 contingency chart (B) for the total natural enemies. ^aChi-square test within sub-totals: ns, not significant; * significant at 5%; ** significant at 1%.
그림 Fig. 5. Seasonal population abundances of P. citri in experimental plots in 2012 where different practices of weed management and pyrethroid spray were applied. The means with same letters on the figure at same date are not significantly different by Tukey test at P = 5%. Weeds = Wild weeds on the ground were mowed on 6 June and 16 September manually. No weeds = Glyphosate (a.i. 41%, 200x) was sprayed on 27 March, 28 July and 3 October. Pyrethroid = Deltamethrin (a.i. 1%, 1,000x) was sprayed eight times (see Table S2, available online). No pyrethroid = No pyrethroid (deltamethrin) was applied.
그림 Fig. 6. The effect of the combinations of weed and pyrethroid treatment on the cumulative mite days (CMD) in 2012 (see Fig. 5 or Table S2 for detail spray program). A = 2 × 2 contingency chart, and B = CMD by treatment. The CMDs were calculated for spring population from 29 March to 26 August and for autumn population from 26 August to 24 November in 2012. The sub-means in A with same letter are not significantly different by Tukey test at P = 5% based on two-way ANOVA (see Table S4, available online). The means with same letters on bars (B) are not significantly different by Tukey test at P = 5% based on one-way ANOVA.
그림 Fig. 7. The population abundances (A) of natural enemies of P. citri in experimental plots in 2012 where different management measures were applied (see Fig. 5 or Table S2 for detail spray program). The 2 × 2 contingency chart (B) for the total natural enemies. ^aChi-square test within sub-totals: ns, not significant; * significant at 5%; ** significant at 1%.
그림 Fig. 8. The validation for the hypothesis in relative abundance of citrus red mite (A) and natural enemy (B) populations according to the effects of habitat quality (ground weed management) and pesticide intensity in the orchard ecosystem (see Fig. 1 for details). For the purpose of comparison, natural enemy and mite population sizes (autumn populations) were scaled to 0.8.

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