[논문]압전단결정을 이용한 소형 free-flooded ring 트랜스듀서의 성능 특성 예측 및 검증

임종범; 윤홍우; 권병진; 김경섭; 이정민

doi:10.7776/ask.2022.41.3.278

압전단결정을 이용한 소형 free-flooded ring 트랜스듀서의 성능 특성 예측 및 검증
Analysis and verification of the characteristic of a compact free-flooded ring transducer made of single crystals 원문보기

한국음향학회지= The journal of the acoustical society of Korea, v.41 no.3, 2022년, pp.278 - 286

임종범 (LIG넥스원(주) 해양연구소) , 윤홍우 (LIG넥스원(주) 해양연구소) , 권병진 (국방과학연구소 해양기술연구원) , 김경섭 (국방과학연구소 해양기술연구원) , 이정민 (국방과학연구소 해양기술연구원)

초록
AI-Helper

본 연구에서는 압전세라믹 기반의 상용 Free-Flooded Ring(FFR) 트랜스듀서 대비 소형이면서 저주파 고감도 특성을 확보하기 위해, 높은 압전상수와 전기-기계 결합계수를 가지는 압전단결정 PIN-PMN-PT를 적용한 33-모드 FFR 트랜스듀서를 설계하였다. FFR 트랜스듀서의 광대역 특성을 확보하기 위해 비능동소자를 삽입한 링 구조를 적용하였으며, 3종의 비능동소자 소재 별 특성 해석 결과를 비교하여 최적의 소재를 선정하였다. 링 트랜스듀서의 특성 변화를 최소화하기 위해 오일 충진형 FFR 트랜스듀서로 제작하였으며, 음향시험을 통해 송신감도, 수중 임피던스 및 수평/수직 빔패턴이 해석결과와 잘 일치하는지 확인하였다. 해석 및 시험 결과를 비교한 결과, 송신감도는 공동공진 주파수에서 약 1.3 dB, 구조공진 주파수에서는 약 0.3 dB 차이를 보였다. 또한 상용 트랜스듀서 대비 높은 송신감도를 보유하면서도 직경을 약 17 % 축소하여 제작할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 소형이면서 고출력 특성을 가지는 압전단결정적용 FFR 트랜스듀서의 구현 가능성과 해석을 통한 특성 예측 방법의 유효성을 확인하였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

In this study, a 33-mode Free-Flooded Ring (FFR) transducer was designed to apply piezoelectric single crystal PIN-PMN-PT, which has high piezoelectric constants and electromechanical coupling coefficient. To ensure low-frequency high transmitting sensitivity characteristics with a small size of FFR transducer, the commercial FFR transducer based on piezoelectric ceramics was compared. To develop the FFR transducer with broadband characteristics, a piezoelectric segmented ring structure inserted with inactive elements was applied. The oil-filled structure was applied to minimize the change of acoustic characteristics of the ring transducer. It was verified that the transmitting voltage response, underwater impedance, and beam pattern matched the finite element numerical simulation results well through an acoustic test. The difference in the transmitting voltage response between the measured and the simulated results is about 1.3 dB in cavity mode and about 0.3 dB in radial mode. The fabricated FFR transducer had a higher transmitting voltage response compared to the commercial transducer, but the diameter was reduced by about 17 %. From this study, it was confirmed that the feasibility of a single crystal-applied FFR transducer with compact size and high-power characteristics. The effectiveness of the performance prediction by simulation was also confirmed.

주제어

표/그림 (16)

그림 Fig. 1. (Color available online) Schematic structure of the segmented 33-mode ring transducer.
표 Table 1. Material properties of piezoelectric ceramic and single crystal.^[7]
그림 Fig. 2. (Color available online) Finite element model of the segmented 33-mode ring transducer and its boundary condition.
표 Table 2. Design parameters of inactive segmented 33-mode ring transducer.
그림 Fig. 3. (Color available online) Simulated results of the segmented 33-mode ring transducer according to change of the inactive materials: (a) relative transmitting voltage response at reference distance of 1 m and (b) normalized acoustic impedance curve, in which the solid line represents the impedance magnitude and the dashed line is the phase angle.
표 Table 3. Piezoelectric material properties used for the finite element analysis of the ring transducer (measured).
표 Table 4. Inactive material properties used for the finite element analysis of the ring transducer.
표 Table 5. Mode frequencies (normalized) from the finite element analysis of the ring transducer composed of active material of PIN-PMN-PT alone and inactive materials of Aluminum, Beryllium copper and Steel with active materials.
그림 Fig. 4. (Color available online) Conceptual design of the segmented 33-mode FFR transducer with the insulated oil-filled housing.
그림 Fig. 5. (Color available online) Simulated characteristics of the segmented 33-mode FFR transducer: (a) relative transmitting voltage response at reference distance of 1 m (FFR transducer - Black, Ring transducer - Brown)and (b) normalized acoustic impedance curve (magnitude - solid line, phase angle - dashed line).
표 Table 6. Material properties of the silicone oil^[14] and chloroprene rubber used for the finite element analysis of the FFR transducer.
그림 Fig. 6. (Color available online) Simulated results of azimuth and elevation radiation pattern of FFR transducer and Ring transducer. (a) is result of FFR transducer at cavity mode and (b) is result of FFR transducer at radial mode. (c) is result of ring transducer at cavity mode, and (d) is result of ring transducer at radial mode. All of the half-power (-3 dB) beamwidth of azimuth radiation beam patterns are 360(i.e., Omni-directional beam pattern). The half-power beamwidth of elevation radiation beam patterns are 64 degrees at cavity mode as well as radial mode of FFR transducer, and 80, 70 degrees respectively at radial mode of ring transducer.
그림 Fig. 7. (Color available online) A prototype of the segmented 33-mode FFR transducer.
그림 Fig. 8. (Color available online) An illustration of the experimental setup for evaluating acoustic characteristics of FFR transducer.
그림 Fig. 9. (Color available online) Measured and simulated results of FFR transducer, (a) relative transmitting voltage response at reference distance of 1m (simulated result - Black, measured result - red) (b) normalized acoustic impedance curve (magnitude - solid line, phase angle - dashed line).
그림 Fig. 10. (Color available online) Measured radiated beam pattern of the fabricated FFR transducer (dashed line) and simulated results of the FFR transducer(solid line) in azimuth and elevation directions; (a) cavity mode and (b) radial mode; the full width at half maximum (FWHM) in horizontal radiated patterns were 360 (i.e., Omnidirectional beam pattern) for each mode and FWHM in vertical radiation pattern were about 67 degrees, 74 degrees for cavity and radial modes respectively.

참고문헌 (14)

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