[논문]유전자변형 식물체 연구에서의 안전관리 고찰

이범규

doi:10.5010/jpb.2022.49.3.163

유전자변형 식물체 연구에서의 안전관리 고찰
Safety management of living modified plants: A review 원문보기

Journal of plant biotechnology = 식물생명공학회지, v.49 no.3, 2022년, pp.163 - 170

초록
AI-Helper

전 세계적으로 LMO (Living Modified Organisms)의 이용과 상업화는 지속적으로 증가하는 추세이다. 국내에서 LM 식물의 상업적 재배는 아직 이뤄지고 있지 않으나 연구개발 및 수입, 연구시설의 신고 등은 활발히 진행되고 있는 실정이다. LM 식물은 개발 및 환경위해성 평가 단계에서 온실과 야외 포장에서의 실험이 요구되나 개발 중인 단계에서는 아직 환경에 대한 안전성이 입증되지 않아 환경방출에 대한 안전관리가 요구된다. LM 식물의 개발 연구는 일반적으로 실험실, 격리온실, 격리포장에서 수행되며 각 연구 구역마다 LMO법 통합고시 등에서 안전관리 규정이 마련되어 있다. LM 식물 연구 사고사례 중 일본의 LM 페튜니아 유출 사고는 LM 식물 연구 도중 교잡 가능 거리에 있는 일반 식물은 LM 식물로 간주하여 취급되어야 함을 시사하고 있으며, 미국의 LM creeping bentgrass 유출 사례는 바람 등에 의해 종자의 산포가 용이한 LM 식물의 경우 종자 비산에 대한 강력한 방지 대책 수립의 필요성을 시사한다. 또한 국내 LM 들잔디 유출과 LM 면화 유출 사례는 빗물 등에 의한 식물 영양번식체 유출 및 LM 종자 혼입에 대한 안전 대책 수립의 필요성을 제시한다. 미승인된 LM 식물의 환경방출에 따른 확산은 제거와 복구에 많은 시간과 비용, 노력이 요구된다. 따라서 최근 생명공학기술을 적용하는 LM 식물들이 다양화됨에 따라 개발자 및 연구자는 환경생태계에 미치는 영향을 사전에 파악하고 환경방출 방지 등 철저한 안전관리가 요구되는 바이다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

There is a continuous rise in the commercialization of living modified (LM) organisms worldwide. While LM plants have not yet been cultivated in South Korea, research, development, import of products, and registration of related research facilities are progressing. LM plants should be tested in greenhouses and fields during development. Furthermore, environmental risk assessment and safety management should be performed before their release into the environment. Research on LM plant development is conducted in laboratories as well as confined greenhouses and fields. Safety management regulations are provided as combination standards for the LMO Act in each research district. The accidental release of the LM petunia in Japan was a significant incident related to LM plant research. It implies that normal plants within the distance of crossing should be regarded as LM plants. In the United States, LM creeping bentgrass was released into the environment, thus necessitating the establishment of stringent measures to prevent the scattering of LM plant seeds by wind or other mediums. In South Korea, LM Zoysia and LM cotton were released through rainwater. Therefore, safety measures that prevent LM seed mixing and plant vegetative propagules escaping into the environment via rainwater must be established. Preventing the dispersal of unapproved LM plants requires significant time, expenditure, and effort. Researchers should first identify the impact of LM plants on the ecosystem, and steps to avert their environmental release must be implemented.

주제어

표/그림 (3)

표 Table 1 Ecosystem-disrupting organisms (Ministry of Environment Notification, 2019-185, https://www.law.go.kr)
표 Table 2 Major harming factors according to implemented genotype of living modified plants
표 Table 3 Isolation distance for some crops according to seed management guidelines of South Korea (https://www.law.go.kr)

참고문헌 (32)

Bates SL, Zhao JZ, Roush RT, Shelton AM (2005) Insect resistance management in GM crops: Past, present and future. Nature Biotech 23:57-62
Bellon MR, Berthaud J (2004) Transgenic maize and the evolution of landrace diversity in Mexico: The importance of farmers' behavior. Plant Physiol 134:883-888

상세보기
Choi Y, Kim BS (2022) Domestic environmental release of genetically modified crops: Focusing on the governmentNGOs joint environmental assessment. Civil Society and NGO 20:409-443
Giovannetti M, Sbrana C, Turrini A (2005) The impact of genetically modified crops on soil microbial communities. Riv Biol-Biol Forum 98:393-417
ISAAA (2019) Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops in 2019: Biotech crops drive socioeconomic development and sustainable environment in the new frontier. ISAAA Brief No. 55, ISAAA: Ithaca, NY
Jung YJ, Kim JM, Park S-C, Cho Y-G, Kang KK (2018) Current status of new plant breeding technology and its efforts toward social acceptance. J Plant Biotechnol 45:299-305
KBCH (2022) LMO status: Approval report status. Assessed in https://www.biosafety.or.kr/portal/page/f_03 2 August 2022
Kim BS (2020) A study on the improvement of environmental assessment for unauthorized LMO safety management. Research Report, Rural Development Administration, Korea, Jeonju
Koh S, Choi Y, Lee JY, Jang J, Choi K (2021) Global patent trends in new breeding technology for crop improvement. Korean J Breed Sci 53:337-349

상세보기
Kowalchuk GA, Bruinsma M, Van Veen JA (2003) Assessing responses of soil microorganisms to GM plants. Trends Eco Evol 18:403-410
Lee B (2017) A study on the establishment of isolation distances for environmental release of biotech crops. Korean J Agr Sci 44:188-195
Lee B (2020) A study on the environmental monitoring and safety management of genetically modified canola (Brassica napus L.). Weed Turf Sci 9:209-218
Lee B, Oh S-D, Chang A (2018) Influence of gene flow from GM to non-GM soybeans by the size of the pollen donor. Korean J Agr Sci 45:591-600
Lee B, Park KW, Kim C-G, Kang H-G, Sun H-J, Kwon Y-I, Song I-J, Ryu T-H, Lee H-Y (2014) Environmental monitoring of herbicide tolerant genetically modified zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) around confined field trials. Weed Turf Sci 3:305-311
Lee B, Suh S (2011) A study on the trends and biosafety assessment of genetically modified crops. Res Environ Law 7:1-25
Li GP, Wu KM, Gould F, Wang JK, Miaoi J, Gao XW, Guo YY (2007) Increasing tolerance to Cry1Ac cotton from cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, was confirmed in Bt cotton farming area of China. Ecol Entomol 32:366-375

상세보기
Lu B-R, Snow AA (2005) Gene flow from genetically modified rice and its environmental consequences. BioScience 55: 669-678

상세보기
Mercer KL, Andow DA, Wyse DL, Shaw RG (2007) Stress and domestication traits increase the relative fitness of crop-wild hybrids in sunflower. Ecol Lett 10: 383-393

상세보기
NARO (National Agriculture and Food Research Organization) (2022) Assessed in https://www.naro.affrc.go.jp/archive/nias/press/2016/20160325/another.pdf 1 August 2022
NRSH (National Research Safety Headquarters) (2022) Publication materials. Assessed in https://www.lmosafety.or.kr/mps/ebook?menuIdMENU00326 27 July 2022
O'Callaghan M, Glare TR, Burgess EPJ, Malone LA (2005) Effects of plants genetically modified for insect resistance on non-target organisms. Annu Review Entomol 50:271-292
Oliveira AR, Castro TR, Capalbo DMF, Delalibera I (2007) Toxicological evaluation of genetically modified cotton (Bollgard®) and Dipel ® WP on the non-target soil mite Scheloribates praeincisus (Acari: Oribatida). Exp Appl Acarol 41:191-201
Park S-C, Joung Y-H, Kim K-M, Kim J-K, Koh H-J (2019) Gene-edited crops: Present status and their future. Korean J Breed Sci 51:175-183

상세보기
Parker IM, Kareiva P (1996) Assessing the risks of invasion for genetically engineered plants: acceptable evidence and reasonable doubt. Biol Conserv 78:193-203

상세보기
Poppy G (2000) GM crops: Environmental risks and non-target effects. Trends Plant Sci 5:4-6

상세보기
Rong J, Lu B-R, Song ZP, Su J, Snow AA, Zhang XS, Sun SG, Chen R, Wang F (2007) Dramatic reduction of crop-to-crop gene flow within a short distance from transgenic rice fields. New Phytol 173:346-353

상세보기
Snow AA, Andow DA, Gepts P, Hallerman EM, Power A, Tiedje JM, Wolfenbarger LL (2005) Genetically engineered organisms and the environment: current status and recommendations. Ecol Appl 15:377-404
USDA-APHIS (2017) Determination of nonregulated status for the Scotts Company and Monsanto Company ASR368 creeping bentgrass. Assessed in https://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/aphisdocs/15_30001p_det.pdf 7 September 2022
Wang F, Yuan QH, Shi L, Qian Q, Liu WG, Kuang BG, Zeng DL, Liao YL, Cao B, Jia SR (2006) A large-scale field study of transgene flow from cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) to common wild rice (O. rufipogon) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli). Plant Biotech J 4:667-676
Wolfenbarger LL, Phifer PR (2000) The ecological risks and benefits of genetically engineered plants. Science 290:2088-2093

상세보기
Wu KM (2007) Monitoring and management strategy for Helicoverpa armigera resistance to Bt cotton in China. J Invertebr Pathol 95:220-223

상세보기
Zapiola ML, Campbell CK, Butler MD, Mallory-Smith CA (2008) Escape and establishment of transgenic glyphosate-resistant creeping bentgrass Agrostis stolonifera in Oregon, USA: a 4-year study. J Appl Ecol 45:486-494

상세보기

저자의 다른 논문 :

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증