[논문]Dating Sun's Locations at Equinoxes Inscribed on Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido

Sang-Hyeon Ahn

doi:10.5303/jkas.2023.56.2.201

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The inscription of Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido (天象列次分野之圖) has the sun's locations at the equinoxes, which must have been copied from the astronomical treatises in Chinese historical annals, Songshu (宋書) and Jinshu (晉書). According to the treatises, an astronomer Wang Fan (王蕃, 228-266 CE) referred tho...

The inscription of Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido (天象列次分野之圖) has the sun's locations at the equinoxes, which must have been copied from the astronomical treatises in Chinese historical annals, Songshu (宋書) and Jinshu (晉書). According to the treatises, an astronomer Wang Fan (王蕃, 228-266 CE) referred those values from a calendrical system called Qianxiangli (乾象曆, 223 CE), from which it is confirmed that it adopted the sun's location at the winter solstice of the $(21{\frac{1}{4}})^{th}$ du of the 8th lunar lodge Dou (斗) as the reference direction for equatorial lodge angles. This indicates that the sun's locations at equinoxes and solstices in the calendrical system are the same as those in Jingchuli (景初曆, 237 CE). Hence, we propose that the sun's location at the autumnal equinox in Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido should be corrected from 'wu du shao ruo' (五度少弱), meaning the $(5{\frac{1}{6}})^{th}$ du, to 'wu du ruo' (五度弱), meaning the $(4{\frac{11}{12}})^{th}$ du, of the first lunar lodge Jiao (角), as seen in Jingchuli. We reconstruct the polar coordinate system used in circular star charts, assuming that the mean motion rule was applied and its reference direction was the sun's location at the winter solstice. Considering the precession, we determined the observational epoch of the sun's location at the winter solstice to be to = -18.3 ± 43.0 adopting the observational error of the so-called archaic determinatives (古度). It is noteworthy that the sun's locations at equinoxes inscribed in Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido originated from Houhan Sifenli (後漢四分曆) of the Latter Han dynasty (85 CE), while the coordinate origin in the star chart is related to Taichuli (太初曆) of the Former Han dynasty (104 BCE).

Keyword

표/그림 (5)

그림 Figure 1. Schematic diagram for the 12 equatorial ci (次) sectors (names of months in parentheses), the 12 chen (辰) sectors, and the 24 solar terms in a circular star-chart. The solid circle in the middle is the equator, and the dotted circle eccentric to the equator is the ecliptic. The top of the circular chart should be aligned with the north direction or the center of the Zi (子) sector, which corresponds to the equatorial sector of Xuanxiao (玄枵) and whose representative lunar lodge is the 11th lunar lodge Xu (虛). The sun's location at the winter solstice (冬至, dongzhi) must be aligned with the center of the beginning equatorial sector called Xingji (星紀). The month having winter solstice is defined as the 11th month since Taichuli (太初曆).
$Table 1. The sun's locations at equinoxes and solstices and their angular spans for several calendrical systems used before the Northern and Southern dynasties. In Jingchuli (景初曆), the sun's location at the winter solstice is defined as the (21<TEX>$\frac{1}{4}$</TEX>)th du of the 8th lunar lodge Dou (斗). Here all lodge angles are ordinal numers. Songshu (宋書) and Jinshu (晉書) recorded the sun's location at equinoxes and solstices, which were adopted from Qianxiangli (乾象曆) by Wang Fan (王蕃, 228-266 CE) to make an armillary sphere. Qianxiangli has the same value for the sun's location at the winter solstice. The sun's locations at solstices in Songshu and Jinshu were rounded down. Since the mean motion rule was used in these calendars, the spans must be the same as much as possible. Hence, the sun's location at the autumnal equinox given in Songshu/Jinshu needs to be corrected to wu du ruo (五度弱) of the 1st lunar lodge Jiao (角). The C-Map inscriptions inherited only two lodge angles for equinoxes from Songshu and Jinshu, so their lodge angles for solstices are estimated assuming the mean motion rule and shown in parentheses.$ 표 Table 1. The sun's locations at equinoxes and solstices and their angular spans for several calendrical systems used before the Northern and Southern dynasties. In Jingchuli (景初曆), the sun's location at the winter solstice is defined as the (21$\frac{1}{4}$)^th du of the 8^th lunar lodge Dou (斗). Here all lodge angles are ordinal numers. Songshu (宋書) and Jinshu (晉書) recorded the sun's location at equinoxes and solstices, which were adopted from Qianxiangli (乾象曆) by Wang Fan (王蕃, 228-266 CE) to make an armillary sphere. Qianxiangli has the same value for the sun's location at the winter solstice. The sun's locations at solstices in Songshu and Jinshu were rounded down. Since the mean motion rule was used in these calendars, the spans must be the same as much as possible. Hence, the sun's location at the autumnal equinox given in Songshu/Jinshu needs to be corrected to wu du ruo (五度弱) of the 1^st lunar lodge Jiao (角). The C-Map inscriptions inherited only two lodge angles for equinoxes from Songshu and Jinshu, so their lodge angles for solstices are estimated assuming the mean motion rule and shown in parentheses.
표 Table 2. The epochs determined from the sun’s locations at equinoxes and solstices. The observational epochs are obtained with reference to the determinative stars. The lodge angles are given in ordinal numbers. Here, the uncertainties in the epochs are estimated to be 43.0 years from the measurement errors of archaic determinative stars (Ahn 2020, 2023). Exceptionally, the uncertainty for the solstices in Songshu and Jinshu are estimated from the truncation errors because those are rounded-down values.
표 Table 3. Results of hypothesis tests if the sun's location at the winter solstice was measured during the Former Han dynasty. We compare our result with the epochs of stars listed in Shi Shi Xing Jing (石氏星經) (Ahn 2020).
표 Table 4. Results of hypothesis tests if the sun's location at the winter solstice was measured at a historical occasion. The location was measured during the latter period of the Former Han dynasty.

참고문헌 (13)

Ahn, S.-H. 2015, J. Astron. Space Sci., 32, 51
Ahn, S.-H. 2020, PASJ, 72, 87
Ahn, S.-H. 2021, PASJ, 73, 1166
Ahn, S.-H. 2023, JKAS, submitted
Cullen, C. 2017, The foundations of celestial reckoning: three ancient？Chinese astronomical systems (London: Routledge), 365-374
Lee, E.-S. 1986, Sejong Studies, 1, 63
Pan, N. 1989, A History of Fixed Star Observations in China: Zhongguo Hengxing Guanceshi, 1st edn. (Shanghai: Xuelin Chubanshe)
Pan, N. 2009, A History of Fixed Star Observations in China: Zhongguo Hengxing Guanceshi, 2nd edn. (Shanghai: Xuelin Chubanshe)
Park, M.-S. 1995, J. Kor. Hist. Sci., 17, 3
Qu, A. 2005, Chinese Calendar and Mathematics. [Zhongguo lifa yu？shuxue] (Beijing: China Science Publishing & Media)
Qu, A. 2008, Chinese Mathematical Astronomy [Zhongguo shuli？tianwenxue] (Beijing: China Science Publishing & Media)
Rufus, W. C. 1913, J. Roy. Asiatic Soc., 4, 3
Smart, W. M. 1965, Text-Book on Spherical Astronomy (Cambridge:？Cambridge University Press), 238-240？

이 논문을 인용한 문헌

활용도 분석정보

상세보기

다운로드

내보내기

활용도 Top5 논문

해당 논문의 주제분야에서 활용도가 높은 상위 5개 콘텐츠를 보여줍니다.
더보기 버튼을 클릭하시면 더 많은 관련자료를 살펴볼 수 있습니다.

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증

[국내논문] Dating Sun's Locations at Equinoxes Inscribed on Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido 원문보기

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Keyword

표/그림 (5)

표/그림 (5)

참고문헌 (13)

이 논문을 인용한 문헌

활용도 분석정보

활용도 Top5 논문

관련 콘텐츠

원문 보기

원문 URL 링크

오픈액세스(OA) 유형

이 논문과 함께 이용한 콘텐츠

AI-Helper ※ AI-Helper는 오픈소스 모델을 사용합니다.

선택된 텍스트

연합인증

[국내논문] Dating Sun's Locations at Equinoxes Inscribed on Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido 원문보기

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Keyword

표/그림 (5) 모든 표/그림 보기

표/그림 (5) 슬라이드로 보기

참고문헌 (13)

이 논문을 인용한 문헌

활용도 분석정보

활용도 Top5 논문 더보기

관련 콘텐츠

원문 보기

원문 URL 링크

오픈액세스(OA) 유형

이 논문과 함께 이용한 콘텐츠

AI-Helper ※ AI-Helper는 오픈소스 모델을 사용합니다.

선택된 텍스트

표/그림 (5)

표/그림 (5)

활용도 Top5 논문