[논문]WASP8 모형의 하천 미세플라스틱 모의 적용성 검토

김경민; 박태진; 정한석

doi:10.3741/jkwra.2023.56.5.337

WASP8 모형의 하천 미세플라스틱 모의 적용성 검토
Applicability of the WASP8 in simulating river microplastic concentration 원문보기

Journal of Korea Water Resources Association = 한국수자원학회논문집, v.56 no.5, 2023년, pp.337 - 345

김경민 (서울과학기술대학교 환경공학과) , 박태진 (국립환경과학원 물환경연구부 물환경공학연구과) , 정한석 (서울과학기술대학교 환경공학과)

초록
AI-Helper

미세플라스틱 분석에는 많은 비용과 인력, 그리고 긴 분석시간이 필요하기 때문에 하천에서의 연속적 미세플라스틱 관측에는 한계가 있다. 이와 같은 한계는 일반적으로 모형의 활용을 통해 보완될 수 있으나, 미세플라스틱의 거동 모의를 위한 모형 연구는 상당히 제한적으로 수행되었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 하천 수질 오염원의 거동을 이해하고 예측하는 데 많이 활용되는 물리식 기반 동적 수치모형인 Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP)의 미세플라스틱 오염예측에의 적용성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해, 안양천 대상 미세플라스틱 실측자료와 WASP8의 생화학적 산소요구량(BOD)과 부유물질(SS) 상태변수를 미세플라스틱 대리인자로 이용하여 안양천의 미세플라스틱 농도를 모의하였다. 모의결과, SS를 이용한 미세플라스틱 모의가 BOD를 이용한 모의보다 미세플라스틱 농도 모의에 더 좋은 성능을 나타냈다. 이는 상태변수로 이용한 각 수질인자의 특성에 기인한 것으로 생물화학적 지표인 BOD는 생물화학적으로 매우 안정된 미세플라스틱 모의에 대리인자로 사용하기에 적합하지 않은 것으로 판단된다. 반면, 미세플라스틱과 물리적 거동이 유사한 SS의 경우 미세플라스틱의 농도변화 추세를 잘 반영하였다. 향후, 보다 엄밀한 모형을 통한 미세플라스틱 오염 예측을 위해서는 미세플라스틱 재현성 평가를 위한 다양한 환경조건에서의 기초적인 미세플라스틱 조사 연구가 요구되며, 미세플라스틱 입력자료의 단위문제가 해결되어야 한다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Monitoring river microplastics is a challenging task since it is a time-consuming and high-cost process. The use of a physical model to have a better understanding of river microplastics' behaviors can complement the challenging monitoring process. However, there have been very limited studies on modeling river microplastics. In this study, therefore, we evaluated the applicability of one commonly used river water quality model, i.e., the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP), in simulating the microplastic concentration in the river environment. We simulated the microplastic concentration in the Anyangcheon stream using the WASP's biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solid (SS) variables as possible surrogate variables for the microplastics. Simulation analyses indicate that the SS state variable performs better than the BOD state variable to mimic the observed concentrations of microplastics. This is because of the characteristics of each water quality parameter; the BOD variable, a biochemical indicator, is inappropriate for modeling the behaviors of microplastics, which have generally constant biochemical features. In contrast, the SS variable, which has similar physical behaviors, followed the observed patterns of the microplastic concentrations well. To build a more advanced and accurate model for simulating the microplastic concentration, comprehensive and long-term monitoring studies of the river microplastics under different environmental conditions are needed, and the unit of microplastic concentration should be carefully addressed before its modeling application.

주제어

표/그림 (9)

그림 Fig. 1. Anyangcheon stream and its monitoring system for this study. There are two wastewater treatment plants, Bakdal and Seoksu, contributing to the water environment of the Anyangcheon stream
그림 Fig. 2. Water quality analysis simulation program (WASP) structure: selected kinetics modules (b) are linked with the main module (a) to produce problem-specific submodules (c)
그림 Fig. 3. Boundary conditions and segmentation setup for WASP8 modeling
표 Table 1. Performance evaluation for %difference range (adapted from Donigan, 2000)
표 Table 2. Calibrated values of reaction coefficients
그림 Fig. 4. Comparison of the observed and simulated (a) Flow rate, (b) BOD, and (c) SS during 2016~2020. BOD and SS indicate biochemical oxygen demand, and suspended solids, respectively
표 Table 3. Model performance evaluation measures for daily streamflow, daily loads of suspended solids, and daily loads of biochemical oxygen demand for the entire simulation period
그림 Fig. 5. Comparison of the observed and simulated microplastics in Anyangcheon stream. MP, BOD, and SS indicate microplastic, biochemical oxygen demand, and suspended solids, respectively
그림 Fig. 6. Coefficient of determination between observed and simulated microplastics. MP, BOD, and SS indicate microplastic, biochemical oxygen demand, and suspended solids, respectively

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표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

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