[논문]외계행성과 생명가능성

Sungwook E. Hong; Ryun-Young Kwon; Yunjong Kim; Hyunwoo Kang; Minsun Kim

doi:10.5303/pkas.2023.38.2.013

외계행성과 생명가능성
EXOPLANETS AND HABITABILITY 원문보기

천문학논총 = Publications of the Korean Astronomical Society, v.38 no.2, 2023년, pp.13 - 24

Sungwook E. Hong (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute) , Ryun-Young Kwon (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute) , Yunjong Kim (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute) , Hyunwoo Kang (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute) , Minsun Kim (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

More than 5,000 exoplanets have been detected nowadays. One of the key motivations of exoplanet detection is to understand what physical/chemical conditions of exoplanets are suitable for harboring extraterrestrial life. Such conditions are called "habitability," and most modern studies assume the existence of liquid water as its key factor. In this paper, we review the current status of exoplanet and habitability studies, as well as some future (habitable) exoplanet survey plans, mostly from National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2018, 2021). Also, we suggest several research items that the Korean astronomy and space science community could contribute to habitability.

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표/그림 (15)

그림 Figure 1. Orbital period-mass relation of the exoplanets in the NASA Exoplanet Catalog (NEC). (Source: https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/discovery/discoveries-dashboard/)
그림 Figure 2. Change of the planetary orbits and the circumstellar habitable zone of the Solar system by time. Note that even Venus and Mars had been inside the circumstellar habitable zone before. (Credit: James L. Green, NASA; Source: Fig. 2.1 of National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2019))
표 Table 1 Number of potentially habitable exoplanets from different catalogs (November 2022).
그림 Figure 3. Earth's atmospheric composition has changed significantly over its inhabited history (left), as has its spectral features (right). (Credit: G. Arney, S. Domagal-Goldman, T. B. Griswold, NASA GSFC; Source: Fig. 1-8 of The LUVOIR Team (2019))
그림 Figure 4. Habitability distribution of the Milky Way galaxy (white contour) as a function of galactocentric distance and time before present. Ring-shaped galactic habitable zone (GHZ) exists around the Solar System. (Source: Fig. 3 of Lineweaver, Fenner & Gibson (2004); reprinted with permission from AAAS; permission of reusing the figure must be obtained from the original copyright holder)
그림 Figure 5. Habitability of star-forming galaxies (blue), passive galaxies (red), and all galaxies (black) as a function of look-back time of the universe. (Source: Fig. 4 of Gobat & Hong (2016); reproduced with permission ©ESO; permission of reusing the figure must be obtained from the original copyright holder)
그림 Figure 6. NASA's timeline of past, current, planned, and possible Exoplanet missions. (Source: Fig. 1 of Crill & Siegler (2019)) Note: The WFIRST in this figure is now the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.
그림 Figure 7. Webb's four science instruments are sensitive to a range of red and infrared wavelengths. NIRCam, NIRSpec, and NIRISS all observe visible red to near-infrared light, while MIRI observes longer-wavelength mid-infrared light. (Credit: STScI; Source: https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/4207-Image)
그림 Figure 8. Transmission spectrum of an Earth-like exoplanet. (Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Joseph Olmsted; Source: https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/01FEE26XVSM851DHPVCE1KB4S2?Category=08-webb-mission&Category=09-miscellaneous)
그림 Figure 9. The atmospheric composition of the hot gas giant exoplanet WASP-39 b has been revealed by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope. (Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Joseph Olmsted; Source: https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/2022/060/01GJ3Q66DTT4HPMDCVNC9GXH5Y?Category=06-exoplanets)
그림 Figure 10. Kepler and other exoplanet search efforts have discovered thousands of large planets with small orbits, represented by the red and black dots on this chart. Roman will find planets with a much wider range of masses orbiting farther from their host star, shown by the blue dots. (Source: Fig. 9 of Penny et al. (2019); reproduced by permission of the AAS; permission of reusing the figure must be obtained from the original copyright holder)
그림 Figure 11. Radial velocity sensitivity requirements as a function of stellar mass and semi-major axis. (Source: Fig. 4.10 of National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2018), adopted from Fig. 3 of Selsis et al. (2007); reproduced with permission ©ESO; permission of reusing the figure must be obtained from the original copyright holder) The range of the habitable zone is also shown.
그림 Figure 12. Simulated space-telescope image of a complete planetary system including a life-bearing Earth-like planet. Simulated planets are shown clockwise from bottom left: e) close-in Neptune, b) sub-Neptune, d) Saturn, c) Jupiter, and a) exo-Earth. The system also contains inner and outer dust belts. (Credit: NASA, HabEx report, The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory Study Team; Source: Fig. 7.4 of National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2021))
그림 Figure 13. Simulated spectrum of an Earth-twin planet observed from the UV to near-IR by a space coronagraph. Spectral features from oxygen, water, ozone and CO₂ show the presence of a biosphere. (Credit: NASA LUVOIR report, J. Lustig-Yaeger; Source: Fig. 7.5 of National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2021))
그림 Figure 14. Possibility on how stellar are could affect the range of circumstellar habitable zone. (Source: Fig. 4 of Rimmer et al. (2018))

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