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중추신경계 질환의 진단과 치료를 위한 엑소좀의 활용
Application of Exosome for Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases in the Central Nervous System 원문보기

생명과학회지 = Journal of life science, v.33 no.9, 2023년, pp.754 - 765  

박지아 (경성대학교 제약공학과) ,  최윤식 (경성대학교 약학과)

초록
AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

엑소좀은 단백질, mRNA 및 miRNA를 포함하고 모든 유형의 세포에서 분비되는 세포 외 소포의 일종이다. 방출된 엑소좀은 인접하거나 멀리 있는 다른 세포에 의해 선택적으로 흡수되어 그 내용물을 방출하고 표적 세포를 재프로그래밍한다. 엑소좀은 세포에 의해 생성되는 작은 천연 소포이므로 무독성과 비면역원성의 특징이 있는 것으로 받아들여지고 있다. 최근에는 엑소좀이 중추신경계에 대한 약물 전달체로 과학적 관심을 받고 있다. 중추신경계에는 약물의 침투를 어렵게 하는 혈뇌장벽이 있고 이는 퇴행성신경질환의 치료제 개발에 큰 걸림돌이 되어왔다. 그러나 축적된 연구결과들을 볼 때, 엑소좀이 주로 트랜스사이토시스를 통해 혈뇌장벽을 통과할 수 있음이 제시되었다. 이러한 결과를 종합하면, 엑소좀은 혈뇌장벽을 넘어 뇌 실질조직에 약물을 전달할 수 있는 새로운 전달 수단이 될 것으로 기대된다. 또한 세포의 종류와 질병상태에 따라 분비되는 엑소좀의 종류가 다르기 때문에 엑소좀은 중추신경계 질환의 진단을 위한 바이오마커로도 활용될 수 있다. 본 총설 논문에서는 중추신경계 질환에 대한 바이오마커 및 치료 옵션으로서의 임상시험을 포함한 엑소좀에 대한 최근 연구동향을 정리하였다.

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle containing proteins and messenger and microRNAs; they are secreted by all cell types. Once released, exosomes are selectively taken up by other cells adjacent or at a distance, releasing their contents and reprogramming the target cells. Since exosomes ar...

주제어

표/그림 (3)

AI 본문요약
AI-Helper 아이콘 AI-Helper

문제 정의

  • 최근에 알츠하이머병 환자를 대상으로 엑소좀을 적용하는 임상I/II상 시험이 시작되었다. 해당 시험에서는 동종 지방 중간엽 줄기세포(allogenic adipose mesenchymal stem cells)에서 유래된 엑소좀을 경증~중등도 치매 증상을 보이는 알츠하이머 환자들을 대상으로 비강으로 12주간 점적 투여한 후 안전성과 인지기능 개선 정도를 평가하는 연구이다(NCT04388982). 해당 연구는 엑소좀의 투여 용량을 5, 10 또는 20 μg으로 주 2회 투여하며 3개월 내 간과 신장의 기능을 이용한 안전성 평가와 투여 후 48주까지의 인지기능과 삶의 질, 그리고 MRI, PET-CT를 이용한 뇌영상 분석이 포함되어 있다.
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