[논문]지구자전과 지구조석 연구소개

나성호; 이유

doi:10.7582/gge.2023.26.4.238

[국내논문] 지구자전과 지구조석 연구소개
Earth Rotation and Earth Tide: Review 원문보기

지구물리와 물리탐사 = Geophysics and geophysical exploration, v.26 no.4, 2023년, pp.238 - 267

나성호 (충남대학교 자연과학연구소 및 천문우주과학과) , 이유 (충남대학교 자연과학연구소 및 천문우주과학과)

초록
AI-Helper

지구자전과 조석현상에 관하여 19세기 이후 현재까지 알려진 주요 내용들을 소개하였다. 지구자전속도의 영년적/주기적 변화, 세차운동과 장동, 극운동에 관하여 기술하였으며, 또한 지구의 공전/자전 상태와 빙하기도래의 관련설 - Milankovitch 이론에 대하여 돌아보고, 자전과 긴히 연관된 현상으로서 지구조석에 대하여도 기술하였다. 그리고 몇몇 이론적 상세를 부록에 두었다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Studies on Earth's rotation and tide since the 19th century are briefly summarized. The theories of precession, nutation, polar motion, and periodic/secular changes in the rate of rotation are described individually. In addition, a brief review of the Milankovitch theory - the hypothesis of the relationship between the Earth's spin/orbital rotational state and the ice ages - is given. Finally, Earth's tides and their theoretical models are briefly explained. Some detailed technical content is summarized in the appendices.

주제어

표/그림 (39)

그림 Fig. 1. The 1^st portable clock H4 by John Harrison and its inner structure (above) and two clocks developed during the Chosun dynasty of Korea; sundial (앙부일구) and celestial clock (혼천시계) (below).
그림 Fig. 2. Retro-reflector installed on the surface of the Moon duringthe Apollo landing (Apollo lunar module on the left).
그림 Fig. 3. The accumulation of Universal Time delay as detected by ancient eclipse records (Stephenson and Morrison, 1995).
그림 Fig. 4. The accumulation of UT1 delay with respect to UTC since 1962. (IERS)
그림 Fig. 5. Change in the length of day since 1962. (IERS)
그림 Fig. 6. Amplitude spectrum of the Δl.o.d. time series.
그림 Fig. 7. Four separate time series filtered from the Δl.o.d. change time series since 2010. The period ranges of each filtered signals are; T > 2500d, 400d < T < 2500d, 100d < T < 400d, and T < 100d (from top to bottom).
그림 Fig. 8. Polar motion data (x_p, y_p) time series (left) and pole position on the Earth's surface since 2020.
그림 Fig. 9. Power spectrum of polar motion on frequency axis.
그림 Fig. 10. Amplitude spectrum of polar motion on period axis.
그림 Fig. 11. Comparison of geodetic excitation and the sum of atmospheric and oceanic excitation functions. The geodetic excitation is deduced from the polar motion and Δl.o.d. time series (left) and the estimated excitation function is assessed from a vast amount of information about the atmosphere and ocean (right).
그림 Fig. 12. Worldwide monthly average atmospheric pressure in January and July. The pressure at sea level (left) and the pressure values deducted of area annual average. (ECMWF)
표 Table 1. Amplitudes and phases of observed geodetic excitation and calculated atmospheric excitation for five major continents.
그림 Fig. 13. Observed geodetic excitation and each excitation due to atmospheric pressure on five continents: a 2-dimensional illustration based on the seasonal fitting.
그림 Fig. 14. Chandler wobble motion during earthquake occurrence: Schematic illustration of dislocation of the average pole and locus of the instantaneous pole (left). Chandler wobble motion near the occurrence of two largest earthquakes - the Chile earthquake in February 2010 and Tohoku earthquake in March 2011 (right).
그림 Fig. 15. Schematic illustration of the Earth's precession: Owing to the ellipsoidal shape of the Earth, the Moon and Sun exert torque to shift the Earth's rotational axis. When viewed from the northern ecliptic pole, the direction of Earth's precession is clockwise.
그림 Fig. 16. The Celestial pole offset (δX, δY) data (IERS EOP C04) with the free core nutation identified by filtering.
그림 Fig. 17. Power spectrum of the celestial pole offset time series data on frequency axis.
그림 Fig. 18. Power spectrum of free core nutation on period axis.
그림 Fig. 19. Schematic illustrations of the slow variation of the Earth's orbit and spin rotation: (1) change in orbital eccentricity (10 times exaggerated) and (2) change in obliquity.
그림 Fig. 20. Schematic illustration for the calculation of Earth's tide at position P due to a tide raising body (either the Moon or the Sun).
그림 Fig. 22. Amplitude and phase of global M2 ocean tide (Stewart, 2008)
그림 Fig. 21. Tidal displacement in SeoGuiPo, Jeju Island, during June 1~5th (predicted by K2-Tide).
그림 Fig. 23. Vertical crustal displacement in Korea and nearby area due to the ocean tidal loading. M₂ and O₁ tidal constituents (Na et al., 2016b).
$Fig. A1. Earth's spin rotational angular momentum <TEX>$\overrightarrow{L}$</TEX> and angular velocity <TEX>$\overrightarrow{\omega}$</TEX> (left), and schematic illustration of the Chandler wobble motion (right).$ 그림 Fig. A1. Earth's spin rotational angular momentum $\overrightarrow{L}$ and angular velocity $\overrightarrow{\omega}$ (left), and schematic illustration of the Chandler wobble motion (right).
그림 Fig. B1. Schematic of the Chandler wobble and nearly diurnal free wobble (free core nutation) in both the inertial and the Earth reference frames.
그림 Fig. C1. Apparent position of the Sun with respect to the Earth from the spring equinox to the autumnal equinox (the y-axis is taken here as the spring equinox for brevity in the torque calculation).
표 Table B1. Estimates of nearly diurnal free wobble frequency.
그림 Fig. D1. The three angles ξ, θ, z to denote precession.
그림 Fig. D2. The two angles Δψ, Δε to denote nutation.
그림 Fig. D3. Relative sizes of the major nutation components.
그림 Fig. D4. Celestial Intermediate Pole in the J2000.0 celestial frame.
그림 Fig. E1. Schematic illustration of the Sun - Earth - other planet.
그림 Fig. F1. Orbital rotation of two celestial bodies with respect to their center of mass.
그림 Fig. F2. Ideal spectrum of Earth's tidal potential (Melchior, 1978).
그림 Fig. F3. Amplitude of Earth's tidal constituents: Latitude dependence of tidal potential (left) and displacement (right) (Melchior, 1978).
표 Table F1. Major constituents of Earth tide (frequency unit: [deg/h], Melchior, 1978).
그림 Fig. G1. Loading function: Highly exaggerated illustration of point load deformation (left), and vertical and horizontal loading functions (Na and Baek, 2011).
그림 Fig. G2. Illustration of mesh construction for crustal displacement caused by ocean tidal loading.

참고문헌 (90)

Batygin, K., and Morbidelli, A., 2015, Spin-Spin Coupling in？the Solar System, Astrophy. J., 810(2), 110. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/110

상세보기
Bellanger, E., Gilbert, D., and Le Mouel, J.-L., 2002, A geomagnetic triggering of Chandler wobble phase jump?, Geophys. Res. Lett. 29(7), 1124. doi: 10.1029/2001GL014253

상세보기
Bizouard, C., 2020, Geophysical Modelling of the Polar Motion,？De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110298093
Bradley, R. S., 2015, PALEOCLIMATOLOGY, 3rd Ed., Academic Press. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291344323_PALEOCLIMATOLOGY_3rd_edition
Brosche, P., and Sundermann, J., 1978, Tidal Friction and the？Earth's Rotation, Springer-Verlag.
Brosche, P., and Sundermann, J., 1982, Tidal Friction and the？Earth's Rotation II, Springer-Verlag.
Brzezinsky, A., 1994, Polar motion excitation by variations of？the effective angular momentum function, II: extendedmodel, Man. Geod. 19, 157-171.
Burns, J. A., 1977, Orbital Evolution, in Burns, J. A., Ed., Planetary Satellites, 113-156.
Capitaine, N., Wallace, P. T., and Chapront, J., 2003, Expression？for IAU 2000 precession quantities, Astron. Astrophys,？412(2), 567-586. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20031539

상세보기
Chao, B. F., Gross, R., 1987, Changes in the Earth's rotation？and low-degree gravitational field induced by earthquakes,？Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc. 91(3), 569-596.
Chao, B. F., 1989, Length-of-Day Variations Caused by El？Nino-Southern Oscillation and Quasi-Biennial Oscillation,？Sci., 243(4893), 923-925.
Chao, B. F., and Au, A. Y., 1991, Atmospheric excitation of the？Earth's annual wobble, J. Geophys. Res., 96(B4), 6577-6582.？https://doi.org/10.1029/91jb00041

상세보기
Chen, J. L., Wilson, C. R., Ries, J. C., and Tapley, B. D., 2013,？Rapid ice melting drives Earth's pole to the east, Geophys.？Res. Lett., 40(11), 2625-2630, doi: 10.1002/grl.50552

상세보기
Chung, T. W., and Na, S., 2016, A least square fit analysis on？the Earth's polar motion time series: implication against？Smylie's conjecture, Geophys. Geophys. Expl., 19(2), 91-96.？doi: 10.7582/GGE.2016.19.2.091

원문보기 상세보기
Dahlen, F. A., 1971, The excitation of the Chandler wobble by？earthquakes, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 25(2), 157-206.？https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1971.tb02336.x

상세보기
Dahlen, F. A., 1973, A correction to the excitation of the Chandler wobble by earthquakes. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc.,？32(2), 203-217.

상세보기
Darwin, G. H., 1907, Scientific Papers I & II, Cambridge University Press.
Dehant, V. Mathews, and P. M., 2009, Earth Rotation Variations, Ch. 10 in Herring, T., Ed., Treatise of Geophysics vol.？3 Geodesy, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 295-349.
Dehant, V., and Mathews, P. M., 2015, Precession, Nutation,？and Wobble of the Earth, Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781316136133
Dickey, J. O., Bender, P. L., Faller, J. E., Newhall, X., Ricklefs,？R. L., Ries, J. G., Shelus, P. J., Veillet, C., Whipple, A. L.,？Wiant, J. R., Williams, J. G., and Yoder, C. F., 1994, Lunar？Laser Ranging: A Continuing Legacy of the Apollo Program, Science, 265(5171), 482-490. doi: 10.1126/science.265.5171.482

상세보기
Dobslaw, H., Dill, R., Groetzsch, A., Brzezinski, A., and？Thomas, M., 2010, Seasonal polar motion excitation from？numerical models of atmosphere, ocean, and continental？hydrosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 115(B10), B10406. doi: 10.1029/2009JB007127

상세보기
Getino, J., and Ferrandiz, J. M., 2001, Forced nutations of a？two-layer Earth model, Mon. N. R. Astron. Soc., 322(4), 785-799. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04175.x

상세보기
Gilbert, D., and Le Mouel, J.-L., 2008, Inversion of polar？motion data: Chandler wobble, phase jumps, and geomagnetic jerks, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B10405. doi: 10.1029/2008JB005700

상세보기
Goldreich, P., 1966, History of the lunar orbit, Rev. Geophys., 4,？411-439. https://doi.org/10.1029/rg004i004p00411

상세보기
Goldreich, P., and Peale, S., 1966, Spin-Orbit Coupling in the？Solar System, Astron. J., 71(6), 425-438.
Gross, R. S., 1986, The influence of earthquakes on the Chandler wobble during 1977-1983. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc.,？85(1), 161-177.

상세보기
Gross, R. S., 2000, The excitation of the Chandler wobble, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(15), 2329-2332. doi: 10.1029/2000GL011450

상세보기
Gross, R. S., Fukumori, I., and Menemenlis, D., 2003, Atmospheric and oceanic excitation of the Earth's wobbles during 1980-2000, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B8), 2370. doi: 10.1029/2002JB002143

상세보기
Gross, R. S., 2009, Earth rotation variation - long period, Ch. 9？in Herring, T., Ed., Treatise of Geophysics vol. 3 Geodesy,？Elsevier, Amsterdam, 239-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-044452748-6/00057-2
Hadden, S., and Tamayo, D., 2022, celmech: A Python Package？for Celestial Mechanics, Astron. J. 164(5), 179, doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ac8d01

상세보기
Harrison, J., 1767, The Principles of Mr. Harrison's Time-Keeper, Richardson & Clark, London.
Hays, J., Imbrie, J., and Shackleton, N., 1976, Variations in the？Earth's Orbit: Pacemaker of the Ice Ages, Science,？194(4270), 1121-1132. doi: 10.1126/science.194.4270.1121

상세보기
Hopfner, J., 2004, Low-frequency Variations, Chandler and？Annual Wobbles of Polar Motion as Observed Over One？Century, Sur. Geophys., 25, 1-54.
Imbrie, J., and Imbrie, K. P., 1979, Ice Ages, Harvard University Press.
Jochmann, H., 2003, Period variations of the Chandler wobble,？J. Geod., 77, 454-458. doi: 10.1007/s00190-003-0347-0

상세보기
Kawamura., K., Parrenin, F., Lisiecki, L., Uemura, R., Vimeux,？F., Severinghaus, J. P., Hutterli, M. A., Nakazawa, T., Aoki,？S., Jouzel, J., Raymo, M. E., Matsumoto, K., Nakata, H.,？Motoyama, H., Fujita, S., Goto-Azuma, K., Fujii, Y., and？Watanabe, O., 2007, Northern Hemisphere forcing of climate？cycles in Antarctica over the past 360,000 years, Nature,？448, 912-91. doi: 10.1038/nature06015

상세보기
Kerr, R. H., 1978, Climate Control: How Large a Role for？Orbital Variations?, Science, 201(4351), 144-146. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.201.4351.144

상세보기
Kim, S. H., 2007, A Study on the Operation Mechanism of？Song I-Yong's Armillary Cloc, Graduate School, Joong-Ang？University, 249p.
Krasinsky, G. A., and Vasilyev, M. V., 2006, Numerical theory？of rotation of the deformable Earth with the two-layer fluid？core. Part 2: Fitting to VLBI data, Cel. Mech. Dyn. Astron.,？96, 219-237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10569-006-9033-x

상세보기
Kukla, G., Fairbridge, R. W., 1997, Milankovitch (1879-1958)？and Milankovitch Theory, in Shirley, J. H. and Fairbridge R.？W., Ed., Encyclopedia of Planetary Sciences, 494-495. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4520-4_261
Lambeck, K., 1980, The Earth's Variable Rotation: Geophysical？Causes and Consequences, Cambridge University Press.？https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511569579
Lambert, S. B., 2006, Atmospheric excitation of the Earth's free？core nutation, Astron. Astrophys. 457(2), 717-720. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20065813

상세보기
Laskar, J., Robutel, P., Joutel, F., Gastineau, M., Correia, A. C.？M., and Levrard, B., 2004, A long-term numerical solution？for the insolation quantities of the Earth, Astron. Astrophys,？428(1), 261-285. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20041335

상세보기
Malkin, Z., Belda, S., and Modiri, S., 2022, Detection of a New？Large Free Core Nutation Phase Jump, Sensors, 22(16), 5960. doi: 10.3390/s22165960

상세보기
Mathews, P. M., Herring, T. A., and Buffett, B. A., 2002, Modeling of nutation and precession: New nutation series for？nonrigid Earth, and insights into the Earth's interior, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B4), 2068. doi: 10.1029/2001JB000390

상세보기
McCarthy, D., and Seidelmann, K., 2009, TIME - From Earth？Rotation to Atomic Physics, Wiley-VCH.
Melchior, P., 1978, The Tides of the Planet Earth, Pergamon？Press.
Milankovitch, M., 1941, Canon of Insolation and the Ice-Age？Problem, Zavod ZUINS, Beograd (reprint in 1998).
Mogavero, F., and Laskar, J., 2021, Long-term dynamics of the？inner planets in the Solar System, Astron. Astrophys, 655,？A1, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202141007

상세보기
Moritz, H., and Mueller, I. I., 1987, Earth Rotation: Theory and？Observation, Ungar. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987erto.book.....M/abstract
Munk, W., and MacDonald, G. J. F., 1960, The Rotation of the？Earth. A Geophysical Discussion, Cambridge University？Press.
Na, S. H., and Baek, J. H., 2011, Computation of the Load Love？Number and the Load Green's Function for an Elastic and？Spherically Symmetric Earth, J. Kor. Phys. Soc., 58(5), 1195-1205. doi: 10.3938/jkps.58.1195

상세보기
Na, S. H., Shin, Y. H., and Baek, J. H., 2011, Some Theoretical？Consideration in Body Tide Calculation, Geophys. Geophys.？Expl., 14(2), 133-139.
Na, S. H., and Lee, S., 2014, Re-estimation of Earth spin rotational energy decrease due to tidal friction, Geosci. J., 18, 1-6. doi: 10.1007/s12303-013-0069-0

상세보기
Na, S. H., Cho, J. H., Kim, T. H., Seo, K. W., Youm, K. H.,？Yoo, S. M., Choi, B. K., and Yoon, H. S., 2016a, Changes in？the Earth's Spin Rotation due to the Atmospheric Effects and？Reduction in Glaciers, J. Astron. Sp. Sci., 33(4), 295-304,？doi: 10.5140/JASS.2016.33.4.295

원문보기 상세보기
Na, S. H., Kim, T. H., and Shin, Y. H., 2016b, Advance in prediction of body tide and ocean tidal loading, Geosci. J., 20,？865-875. doi: 10.1007/s12303-016-0016-y

상세보기
Na, S. H., and Kyung, J. B., 2016, Perturbation in the Earth's？Pole due to the Recent 31 Large Earthquakes of Magnitude？over 8.0, J. Kor. Ear. Sc. Soc., 37(5), 271-276. doi: 10.5467/JKESS.2016.37.5.271

원문보기 상세보기
Na, S. H., Cho, J. H., Seo, K. W., Youm, K. H., and Shen, W.？B., 2018, A note on the annual wobble excitation due to the？seasonal atmospheric loading on continents, Terr. Atmos.？Ocean. Sci., 29(6), 721-729. doi: 10.3319/TAO.2018.08.24.01

상세보기
Na, S., Roh, K. M., Cho, J., Yoo, S. M., Choi, B. K., and Yoon,？H. S., 2019, Chandler Wobble and Free Core Nutation: Theory and Features, J. Astron. Sp. Sci., 36(1), 11-20. doi: 10.5140/JASS.2019.36.1.11

원문보기 상세보기
Na, S., and Yi, Y., 2023a, Time-variation of Amplitude and？Phase of Chandler Wobble since 1900, 2023 Korean Physical Society Spring Meeting, P2-as.001.
Na, S., and Yi, Y., 2023b, Search for Relation between change？in Free Core Nutation and Geomagnetic Jerks, 2023 Korean？Space Science Society Spring Conference, P-47.
National Museum of Korea, https://www.museum.go.kr/ (October 1, 2023 Accessed)
Peltier, W. R., 2004, Global Glacial Isostasy and the Surface of？the Ice-age Earth: The ICE-5G (VM2) Model and Grace,？Ann. Rev. Ear. Plan. Sci., 32, 111-149. doi: 10.1146/annurev.earth.32.082503. 144359

상세보기
Petit, G., and Luzum, B., 2010, IERS Conventions (2010), IERS？Convention Centre.
Plag, H. P., Chao, B., Gross, R., and van Dam, T., 2005, Proceedings of the Workshop: Forcing of polar motion in the？Chandler band, European Centre of Geodesy and Seismology.
Rochester, M. G., Jensen, O. G., and Smylie, D. E., 1974, A？Search for the Earth's 'Nearly Diurnal Free Wobble', Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc., 38(2), 349-363.
Sasao, T., Okubo, S., and Saito, M., 1980, A simple theory on？dynamical effects of stratified fluid core upon nutational？motion of the Earth, in Fedorov, E.P., Smith, M.L., Bender,？P.L. (ed), Nutation and Earth's Rotation: Proceedings from？IAU Symposium No. 78, 165-183.
Sasao, T., and Wahr, J., 1981, An excitation mechanism for the？free core nutation, Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc., 64(3), 729-746. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1981.tb02692.x

상세보기
Seo, K. W., Kim, J. S., Youm, K. H., Chen, J. L., and Wilson, C.？L., 2021, Secular polar motion observed by GRACE, J.？Geod., 95, 40. doi: 10.1007/s00190-021-01476-x

상세보기
Seo, K. W., Ryu, D. R., Eom, J. Y., Jeon, T. W., Kim, J. S.,？Youm, K. H., Chen, J. L., and Wilson, C. R., 2023, Drift of？Earth's Pole Confirms Groundwater Depletion as a Significant Contributor to Global Sea Level Rise 1993-2010, Geophys. Res. Lett., 50(12), e2023GL103509. doi: 10.1029/2023GL103509

상세보기
Shirai, T., Fukushima, T., and Malkin, Z., 2005, Detection of？phase disturbances of free core nutation of the Earth and？their concurrence with geomagnetic jerks, Ear. Plan. Sp.,？57(2), 151-155. https://doi.org/10.1186/bf03352559

상세보기
Schreiber, K. U., and Wells, J. R., Invited Review Article: Large？ring lasers for rotation sensing, Rev. Sci. Ins., 84, 041101,？doi: 10.1063/1.4798216

상세보기
Smith, M. L., and Dahlen, F. A., 1981, The period and Q of the？Chandler wobble, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 64(1), 223-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1981.tb02667.x

상세보기
Smylie, D. E., and Mansinha, L., 1968, Earthquakes and the？Observed Motion of the Rotation Pole, J. Geophys. Res.,？73(24), 7661-7673. https://doi.org/10.1029/jb073i024p07661

상세보기
Smylie, D. E., and Zuberi, M., 2009, Free and forced polar？motion and modern observation of the Chandler wobble, J.？Geodyn., 48(3), 226-229. doi: 10.1016/j.jog.2009.09.028

상세보기
Sobel, D., 1995, Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius？Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time,？(Korean Translation in 2001; 경도 - 한 외로운 천재의 이야기,？김진준(역), 생각의 나무)
Stacey, F. D., and Davis, P. M., 2008, Physics of the Earth,？Cambridge University Press.
Stephenson, F. R., and Morrison, L. V., 1995, Long-Term Fluctuations in the Earth's Rotation: 700 BC to AD 1990, Phil.？Trans. Roy. Soc., A351(1695), 165-202. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1995.0028

상세보기
Stewart, R. H., 2008, Introduction to Physical Oceanography,？Texas A&M University.
Tamura, Y., 1982, A computer program for calculating the tide？generating force, Publication of the International Latitude？Observatory (Mizusawa) 16, 1-19.
Taylor, S. R., 2007, The Moon, chapter 12 of The Encyclopedia？of Solar System 2nd Edition edited by McFadden, L.-A.,？Wessman, P. R., Johnson, T. V., Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012088589-3/50016-5
Vondrak, J., and Ron, C., 2017, New method for determining？free core nutation parameters, considering geophysical effects,？Astron. Astrophys., 604, A56. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201730635

상세보기
Wahr, J. M., 1981, Body tides on an elliptical, rotating, elastic？and oceanless Earth, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 64(3), 677-703. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1981.tb02690.x

상세보기
Wahr, J. M., and Bergen, Z., 1986, The effect of mantle anelasticity on nutations, Earth tides, and tidal variations in rotation？rate, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 87(2), 633-668. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1986.tb06642.x

상세보기
Wahr, J. M., 2005, Polar Motion Model: Angular Momentum？Approach, in Forcing of Polar Motion in the Chandler Frequency Band, European Center for Geodynamics and Seismology.
Wunsch, C., 2004, Quantitative estimate of the Milankovitch-forced contribution to observed Quaternary climate change,？Quart. Sci. Rev., 23, 1001-1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.02.014

상세보기
Xu, C. Y. and Chao, B. F., 2019, Seismic Effects on the Secular？Drift of the Earth's Rotational Pole, J. Geophys. Res., 124(6),？6092-6100. doi: 10.1029/2018JB017164

상세보기
Yoshida, H., 1990, Construction of higher order symplectic integrators, Phys. Lett. A 150(5-7), 262-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(90)90092-3

상세보기
Yoshida, H., 1992, Symplectic Integrators for Hamiltonian Systems: Basic Theory, In Ferrz-Mello(eds), Chaos, Resonance？and Collective Dynamical Phenomena in the Solar System,？407-411. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900091440
Youm, K., Seo, K. W., Jeon, T., Na, S. H., Chen, J., and Wilson,？C. R., 2017, Ice and groundwater effects on long term polar？motion (1979-2010), J. Geodyn., 106, 66-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jog.2017.01.008

상세보기

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증