[논문]국내 심부 지질특성 연구를 통한 고준위방사성폐기물 심층처분 후보 암종 선행연구

천대성; 진광민; 신중호; 김유홍; 전석원

doi:10.7474/tus.2024.34.1.028

국내 심부 지질특성 연구를 통한 고준위방사성폐기물 심층처분 후보 암종 선행연구
Preliminary Study on Candidate Host Rocks for Deep Geological Disposal of HLW Based on Deep Geological Characteristics 원문보기

터널과 지하공간: 한국암반공학회지 = Tunnel and underground space, v.34 no.1, 2024년, pp.28 - 53

천대성 (한국지질자원연구원 국토우주지질연구본부) , 진광민 (한국지질자원연구원 국토우주지질연구본부) , 신중호 (한국지질자원연구원 국토우주지질연구본부) , 김유홍 (한국지질자원연구원 국토우주지질연구본부) , 전석원 (서울대학교 공과대학 에너지시스템공학부)

초록
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원자력발전에 따라 필수적으로 발생하는 고준위방사성폐기물은 원자력발전이 시행된 나라 내 처분이 원칙이다. 고준위방사성폐기물의 심층처분을 위한 처분 지역과 모암의 결정은 과학적 방법뿐만 아니라 정치, 경제, 사회적으로 중요한 이슈이다. 현재까지 전 세계적으로 처분 모암으로 고려되는 암종은 결정질암, 퇴적암인 이암, 화산암인 응회암, 암염 등이 있다. 그러나 국내의 경우 지질학적으로 암염을 제외한 다양한 암종이 복잡하게 분포하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 고준위방사성페기물처분장의 처분 모암에 대한 다양한 암종 연구의 예비결과와 함께 전국규모의 지질학적, 암석역학적 특성을 분석하였을 뿐만 아니라, 후보 암종에 대한 심부 시추조사 사례들을 통하여 특성을 검토하고 처분 모암으로서 다양한 암종들의 가능성을 제시하고자 하였다. 또한 전국규모의 광역적 특성 분석, 문헌 조사, 상세 사례분석 등을 통하여 고준위방사성폐기물 심층처분을 위한 후보 암종으로 결정질암인 쥐라기 화강암과 백악기 퇴적암 중진주층과 진동층을 도출하였다. 그러나 본 논문에서 도출된 후보 암종들에 대해 연구된 자료의 양이 적기 때문에 처분심도, 지역적 특성, 다학제적인 검토 등에 대한 추가적이고 상세한 분석이 수행된 후 신중히 처분 암종이 결정되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

In general, high-level radioactive waste (HLW) generated as a result of nuclear power generation should be disposed within the country. Determination of the disposal site and host rock for HLW deep geological repository is an important issue not only scientifically but also politically, economically, and socially. Considered host rock types worldwide for geological disposal include crystalline rocks, sedimentary rocks, volcanic rocks, and salt dome. However, South Korea consists of various rock types except salt dome. This paper not only analyzed the geological and rock mechanical characteristics on a nationwide scale with the preliminary results on various rock type studies for the disposal host rock, but also reviewed the characteristics and possibility of various rock types as a host rock through deep drilling surveys. Based on the nationwide screening for host rock types resulted from literature review, rock distributions, and detailed case studies, Jurassic granites and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks (Jinju and Jindong formations) were derived as a possible candidate host rock types for the geological disposal. However, since the analyzed data for candidate rock types from this study is not enough, it is suggested that the disposal rock type should be carefully determined from additional and detailed analysis on disposal depth, regional characteristics, multidisciplinary investigations, etc.

주제어

표/그림 (27)

그림 Fig. 1. Deep geological repository concept based on differentrock types ((a) modified from SKB, 2004, (b) Nagra, 2016)
표 Table 1. HLW disposal, URL rock type, and geological distribution in some countries
그림 Fig. 2. Circle diagram of rock distribution in South Korea based on rock types and geologic age (KIGAM, 2019)
그림 Fig. 3. Distribution of intact rock properties of different rock types (Choi et al., 2021)
그림 Fig. 4. Spatialdistribution ofthe uniaxial compressive strength of differentrock types (unit: MPa) (KIGAM 2020, Choietal., 2021)
그림 Fig. 5. Korea stress map 2022 (modified from Kim et al., 2021)
그림 Fig. 6. Variation of stress ratio with depth in South Korea (Kim etal., 2021)
표 Table 2. Deep boreholes drilling sites completed or planned for HLW based on tectonic structures and rock types (updated from Cheon et al., 2022a)
그림 Fig. 7. Geological map of Cretaceous Jinju subbasin (Chough and Sohn, 2010)
그림 Fig. 8. Schematic stratigraphic column of the Jinju subbasin with brief descriptions and interpretations (Chough and Sohn, 2010)
그림 Fig. 9. Example of detailed core logging columns on the Wonju Granite (KIGAM, 2020)
그림 Fig. 10. One of the well-developed reverse faults detected in cores of the Wonju Granite (KIGAM, 2020)
그림 Fig. 11. One of the well-developed reverse faults detected in cores of the Jinju formation (KIGAM, 2021)
그림 Fig. 12. Physical and mechanical distributions with depth of the Wonju granite (a) and the Jinju formation (b) (Cheon et al., 2022b)
그림 Fig. 13. Fracture distribution patterns from the borehole of the Wonju granite (a) and the Jinju formation (b) (KIGAM, 2021, 2022)
그림 Fig. 14. Magnitude and direction of in-situ stress from the borehole of the Wonju granite (Cheon et al., 2022b)
그림 Fig. 16. Magnitude and stress raito from the borehole of the Jinju formation (KIGAM, 2022)
그림 Fig. 15. Stress ratios of the Wonju granite (KIGAM, 2021)
표 Table 3. Correlation of Phanerozoic granitoids in Korean Peninsula (compiled from Cho et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2011, Oh, 2012, Cheong and Kim, 2012)
그림 Fig. 17. Distribution of Phanerozoic granitoids in South Korea classified by emplacement ages (Cheong and Kim, 2012)
표 Table 4. Comparison of characteristics between crystalline rocks and sedimentary rocks as a host rock for HLW (modified from NAGRA presentation. 2017)
그림 Fig. 18. Photographs of considered self-sealing features in drilling cores of the Jinju formation
$Fig. 19. Photographs of several fractures and alteration zones in drilling cores of the Wonju granite$ 그림 Fig. 19. Photographs of several fractures and alteration zones in drilling cores of the Wonju granite
그림 Fig. 20. Distribution of in-situ stress at the lower depth of 300 m in South Korea
그림 Fig. 22. Comparison of average horizontal stress ratio in worldwide regions (Haghi et al., 2018)
그림 Fig. 21. Comparison of in-situ stress pattern on South Korea, Olkiluoto in Finland, and Forsmark in Sweden at the lower depth of 300 m
그림 Fig. 23. Comparison of the domestic mechanical properties with those of oversea (Choi et al., 2021)

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