참고문헌 (40)

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2. 2 W. D. Kingery , H. K Bowen , and D. R. Uhlmann , Introduction to Cerammics , 2nd ed. ; Ch. 10. Wiley , New York , 1976 . 

3. 3 E.g., the dilatometer made by Netzsch, Exton, PA. 

4. 4 E.g. the TMA made by Du Pont Instruments, Wilmington, DE. 

5. 5 D. A. Wierauch , Jr. , and W. J. Krafick , “ The Effect of Carbon on Wetting of Aluminum Oxide by Aluminum ,” Metall. Trans. A , 21A , 1745 ( 1990 ). 

6. 6 J.‐H. Jean and T. K. Gupta , “ Liquid‐Phase Sintering in the Glass‐Cordieritc System ,” J. Mater. Sci , 27 , 1575 – 84 ( 1992 ). 

7. 7 T. J. Garino and H. K. Bowen , “ Kinetics of Constrained‐Film Sintering ,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. , 73 , 251 – 57 ( 1990 ). 

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8. 8 G. W. Scherer and T. J. Garino , “ Viscous Sintering on a Rigid Substrate ,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 68 , 216 – 20 ( 1985 ). 

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9. 9 R. K. Bordia and R. Raj , “ Sintering Behavior of Ceramic Films Constrained by a Rigid Substrate ,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. , 68 , 287 – 92 ( 1985 ). 

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10. 10 C. H. Hsueh Sintering of a Ceramic Film on a Rigid Substrate ,” Scr. Metall. M. , 19 , 1213 – 17 ( 1985 ). 

11. 11 G. W. Scherer , “ Viscous Sintering of Particle‐Filled Composites ,” Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. , 70 , 1059 – 63 ( 1991 ). 

12. 12 G. W. Scherer , “ Sintering with Rigid Inclusions ,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. , 70 , 719 – 25 ( 1987 ). 

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13. 13 A. G. Evans Considerations of Inhomogencity Effects in Sintering ”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. , 65 , 497 – 501 ( 1982 ). 

14. 14 R. Raj and R. K. Bordia , “ Sintering Behavior of Bimodal Compacts ,” Acta Metall. , 32 , 1003 – 19 ( 1984 ). 

15. 15 C. H. Hsueh , “ Sintering Behavior of Powder Compacts with Multiheterogeneities ,” J. Mater. Sci , 21 , 2067 ( 1986 ). 

16. 16 C. H. Hsueh , A. G. Evans , R. M. Cannon , and R. J. Brook , “ Viscoelastic Stresses and Sintering Damage in Heterogeneous Powder Compacts ,” Acta Metall. , 34 , 927 – 36 ( 1986 ). 

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17. 17 L. C. De Jonghe , M. N. Rahaman , and C. H. Hsueh Transient Stresses in Bimodal Compacts During Sintering ,” Acta Metall. , 34 , 1467 – 71 ( 1986 ). 

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18. 18 K. R. Venkatachari and R. Raj Shear Deformation and Densification of Ceramic Compacts ,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. , 69 , 499 – 506 ( 1986 ). 

19. 19 R. M. Christcnsen Theory of Viscoelasticitv, An Introduction , 2nd ed. Academic Press , New York , 1982 . 

20. 20 G. W. Scherer , Relaxation in Glass and Composites . Wiley‐lnterscienee , New York , 1986 . 

21. 21 R. K. Bordia and G. W. Sherer , “ On Constrained Sintering–I. Constitutive Model for a Sintering Body ,” Acta Metall , 36 , 2393 – 97 ( 1988 ). 

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22. 22 R. K. Bordia and G. W. Scherer , “ On Constrained Sintering–II. Comparison of Constitutive Models ,” Acta Metall , 36 , 2399 – 409 ( 1988 ). 

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23. 23 G. W. Scherer , “ Sintering Inhomogeneous Glasses: Application to Optical Waveguides ,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids , 34 , 239 – 56 ( 1979 ). 

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24. 24 W. Scherer , “ Viscous Sintering Under a Uniaxial Load ,” J Am. Ceram. Soc , 69 C – 206 ( 1986 ). 

25. 25 G. W. Scherer , “ Viscous Sintering with a Pore‐Size Distribution and Rigid Inclusions ,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc , 71 C – 477 ( 1988 ). 

26. 26 M. N. Rahman , L. C. de Jonghe and R. J. Brook , “ Effect of Shear Stress on Sintering ,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. , 69 , 53 – 58 ( 1986 ). 

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27. 27 R. B. Hammer , D. O. Powell . S. Mukherjee , R. Tummala , and R. Raj ; p. 323 in Principles of Electronic Packaging . Edited by D. P. Seraphim , R. C. Lasky , and C.‐Y. Li . McGraw‐Hill , New York , 1989 . 

28. 28 G.‐Q. Lu et al : unpublished work. 

29. 29 M. N. Rahaman , L. C. DeJonghe , G. W. Scherer and R. J. Brook , “ Creep and Densification During Sintering of Glass Powder Compacts ,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc , 70 , 766 – 74 ( 1987 ). 

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30. 30 R. L. Coble , “ A Model for Boundary Diffusion Controlled Creep in Poly‐crystalline Materials ,” J. Appl. Phys , 34 , 1679 – 82 ( 1963 ). 

31. 31 S. Makin , A. Rowe , and A. LeClaire . Self‐Diffusion in Gold ,” Proc. Phys. Soc. , 70B , 545 – 52 ( 1957 ). 

32. 32 R. E. Hoffman and D. Turnbull , “ Lattice and Grain Boundary Self‐Diffusion in Silver ,” J. Appl. Phys. , 22 , 634 – 39 ( 1951 ). 

33. 33 L. Slifkin . D. Lazarus , and T. Tomizuka , “ Self‐Diffusion in Pure Polycrys‐talline Silver ,” J. Appl. Phys. , 23 , 1032 – 34 ( 1952 ). 

34. 34 Private discussion with D. Turnbuli . 

35. 35 From Materials Handbook for Hybrid Microelectronics . Edited by J. A. King Artech House , Norwood , MA , 1988 . 

36. 36 D. C. Drucker ; p. 795 in High Strength Materials . Edited by V. F. Zackay . Wiley , New York , 1965 . 

37. 37 J.‐H. Jean ; unpublished work. 

38. 38 E. A. Geiss , L. W. Herron , and J. P. Fletcher , “ Isothermal Sintering of Cor‐dierite‐Type Glass Powders ,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc , 67 , 589 ( 1988 ). 

39. 39 S. P. Timoshenko and J. N. Goodier , Theory of Elasticity . McGraw‐Hill , New York , 1970 . 

40. 40 R. W. Hoffman ; p. 211 in Physics of Thin Films . Edited by G. Hass and R. E. Thun . Academic Press , New York , 1966 .