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Annual review of physical chemistry, v.51, 2000년, pp.473 - 499
Zondlo, Mark A. (Advanced Study Program and Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80303) , Hudson, Paula K. (e-mail: zondlo@ucar.edu Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309) , Prenni, Anthony J. (e-mail: hudsonp@colorado.edu prenni@ucsu.colorado.edu tolbert@spot.colorado.edu) , Tolbert, Margaret A.
Abstract Ice particles found within polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and upper tropospheric cirrus clouds can dramatically impact the chemistry and climate of the Earth's atmosphere. The formation of PSCs and the subsequent chemical reactions that occur on their surfaces are key components of the massive ozone hole observed each spring over Antarctica. Cirrus clouds also provide surfaces for heterogeneous reactions and significantly modify the Earth's climate by changing the visible and infrared radiation fluxes. Although the role of ice particles in climate and chemistry is well recognized, the exact mechanisms of cloud formation are still unknown, and thus it is difficult to predict how anthropogenic activities will change cloud abundances in the future. This article focuses on the nucleation, chemistry, and microphysical properties of ice particles composing PSCs and cirrus clouds. A general overview of the current state of research is presented along with some unresolved issues facing scientists in the future.
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