[논문]Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutics for Osteoporosis

Noh, Ji-Yoon; Yang, Young; Jung, Haiyoung

doi:10.3390/ijms21207623

[해외논문] Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutics for Osteoporosis 원문보기

International journal of molecular sciences, v.21 no.20, 2020년, pp.7623 -

Noh, Ji-Yoon (Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea) , Yang, Young (nohj16@kribb.re.kr) , Jung, Haiyoung (Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongparo47gil, Yongsan-Gu, Seoul 04310, Korea)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Osteoporosis is the most common chronic metabolic bone disease. It has been estimated that more than 10 million people in the United States and 200 million men and women worldwide have osteoporosis. Given that the aging population is rapidly increasing in many countries, osteoporosis could become a global challenge with an impact on the quality of life of the affected individuals. Osteoporosis can be defined as a condition characterized by low bone density and increased risk of fractures due to the deterioration of the bone architecture. Thus, the major goal of treatment is to reduce the risk for fractures. There are several treatment options, mostly medications that can control disease progression in risk groups, such as postmenopausal women and elderly men. Recent studies on the basic molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of osteoporosis have identified novel therapeutic targets. Emerging therapies targeting novel disease mechanisms could provide powerful approaches for osteoporosis management in the future. Here, we review the etiology of osteoporosis and the molecular mechanism of bone remodeling, present current pharmacological options, and discuss emerging therapies targeting novel mechanisms, investigational treatments, and new promising therapeutic approaches.

Keyword

참고문헌 (190)

1. Genant H.K. Cooper C. Poor G. Reid I. Ehrlich G. Kanis J. Nordin B.C. Barrett-Connor E. Black D. Bonjour J. Interim report and recommendations of the World Health Organization task-force for osteoporosis Osteoporos. Int. 1999 10 259 264 10.1007/s001980050224 10692972

상세보기
2. Todd J. Robinson R. Osteoporosis and exercise Postgrad. Med. J. 2003 79 320 323 10.1136/pmj.79.932.320 12840119

상세보기
3. Bawa S. The significance of soy protein and soy bioactive compounds in the prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis J. Osteoporos. 2010 2010 10.4061/2010/891058

상세보기
4. Wright N.C. Looker A.C. Saag K.G. Curtis J.R. Delzell E.S. Randall S. Dawson--Hughes B. The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral density at the femoral neck or lumbar spine J. Bone. Min. Res. 2014 29 2520 2526 10.1002/jbmr.2269 24771492

상세보기
5. Sozen T. Ozıık L. Baaran N.C. An overview and management of osteoporosis Eur. J. Rheumatol. 2017 4 46 56 10.5152/eurjrheum.2016.048 28293453

상세보기
6. Group W.S. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group World Health Organ. Tech. Rep. Ser. 1994 843 1 129 7941614
7. Schuit S. Van der Klift M. Weel A. De Laet C. Burger H. Seeman E. Hofman A. Uitterlinden A. Van Leeuwen J. Pols H. Fracture incidence and association with bone mineral density in elderly men and women: The Rotterdam Study Bone 2004 34 195 202 10.1016/j.bone.2003.10.001 14751578

상세보기
8. Compston J.E. McClung M.R. Leslie W.D. Osteoporosis Lancet 2019 393 364 376 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32112-3 30696576

상세보기
9. Cauley J. Thompson D. Ensrud K. Scott J. Black D. Risk of mortality following clinical fractures Osteoporos. Int. 2000 11 556 561 10.1007/s001980070075 11069188

상세보기
10. Morin S. Lix L. Azimaee M. Metge C. Caetano P. Leslie W. Mortality rates after incident non-traumatic fractures in older men and women Osteoporos. Int. 2011 22 2439 2448 10.1007/s00198-010-1480-2 21161507

상세보기
11. Abrahamsen B. Van Staa T. Ariely R. Olson M. Cooper C. Excess mortality following hip fracture: A systematic epidemiological review Osteoporos. Int. 2009 20 1633 1650 10.1007/s00198-009-0920-3 19421703

상세보기
12. Cosman F. de Beur S.J. LeBoff M. Lewiecki E. Tanner B. Randall S. Lindsay R. Clinician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis Osteoporos. Int. 2014 25 2359 2381 10.1007/s00198-014-2794-2 25182228

상세보기
13. Inacio M.C. Weiss J.M. Miric A. Hunt J.J. Zohman G.L. Paxton E.W. A community-based hip fracture registry: Population, methods, and outcomes Perm. J. 2015 19 29 36 10.7812/TPP/14-231

상세보기
14. Bentler S.E. Liu L. Obrizan M. Cook E.A. Wright K.B. Geweke J.F. Chrischilles E.A. Pavlik C.E. Wallace R.B. Ohsfeldt R.L. The aftermath of hip fracture: Discharge placement, functional status change, and mortality Am. J. Epidemiol. 2009 170 1290 1299 10.1093/aje/kwp266 19808632

상세보기
15. Boyle W.J. Simonet W.S. Lacey D.L. Osteoclast differentiation and activation Nature 2003 423 337 342 10.1038/nature01658 12748652

상세보기
16. Hunter D.J. Sambrook P.N. Bone loss: Epidemiology of bone loss Arthritis Res. 2000 2 1 5 10.1186/ar125 11219388

상세보기
17. Raisz L.G. Pathogenesis of osteoporosis: Concepts, conflicts, and prospects J. Clin. Investig. 2005 115 3318 3325 10.1172/JCI27071 16322775

상세보기
18. Lin J.T. Lane J.M. Osteoporosis: A review Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 2004 425 126 134 10.1097/01.blo.0000132404.30139.f2

상세보기
19. Parfitt A. Mathews C. Villanueva A. Kleerekoper M. Frame B. Rao D. Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. Implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss J. Clin. Investig. 1983 72 1396 1409 10.1172/JCI111096 6630513

상세보기
20. Zebaze R.M. Ghasem-Zadeh A. Bohte A. Iuliano-Burns S. Mirams M. Price R.I. Mackie E.J. Seeman E. Intracortical remodelling and porosity in the distal radius and post-mortem femurs of women: A cross-sectional study Lancet 2010 375 1729 1736 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60320-0 20472174

상세보기
21. Fardet L. Petersen I. Nazareth I. Prevalence of long-term oral glucocorticoid prescriptions in the UK over the past 20 years Rheumatology 2011 50 1982 1990 10.1093/rheumatology/ker017 21393338

상세보기
22. Compston J. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: An update Endocrine 2018 61 7 16 10.1007/s12020-018-1588-2 29691807

상세보기
23. Weinstein R.S. Jilka R.L. Parfitt A.M. Manolagas S.C. Inhibition of osteoblastogenesis and promotion of apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes by glucocorticoids. Potential mechanisms of their deleterious effects on bone J. Clin. Investig. 1998 102 274 282 10.1172/JCI2799 9664068

상세보기
24. Wang L. Heckmann B.L. Yang X. Long H. Osteoblast autophagy in glucocorticoid--induced osteoporosis J. Cell. Physiol. 2019 234 3207 3215 10.1002/jcp.27335 30417506

상세보기
25. Den Uyl D. Bultink I.E. Lems W.F. Advances in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis Curr. Rheumatol. Rep. 2011 13 233 240 10.1007/s11926-011-0173-y 21365209

상세보기
26. Chotiyarnwong P. McCloskey E.V. Pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and options for treatment Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2020 16 1 11 10.1038/s41574-020-0341-0 31676839

상세보기
27. Buckley L. Guyatt G. Fink H.A. Cannon M. Grossman J. Hansen K.E. Humphrey M.B. Lane N.E. Magrey M. Miller M. 2017 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid--induced osteoporosis Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 69 1521 1537 10.1002/art.40137 28585373

상세보기
28. Shahinian V.B. Kuo Y.-F. Freeman J.L. Goodwin J.S. Risk of fracture after androgen deprivation for prostate cancer N. Engl. J. Med. 2005 352 154 164 10.1056/NEJMoa041943 15647578

상세보기
29. Kawamata A. Iihara M. Okamoto T. Obara T. Bone mineral density before and after surgical cure of Cushing’s syndrome due to adrenocortical adenoma: Prospective study World J. Surg. 2008 32 890 896 10.1007/s00268-007-9394-7 18210182

상세보기
30. Yang T.-L. Shen H. Liu A. Dong S.-S. Zhang L. Deng F.-Y. Zhao Q. Deng H.-W. A road map for understanding molecular and genetic determinants of osteoporosis Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2019 16 91 103 10.1038/s41574-019-0282-7 31792439

상세보기
31. Morris J.A. Kemp J.P. Youlten S.E. Laurent L. Logan J.G. Chai R.C. Vulpescu N.A. Forgetta V. Kleinman A. Mohanty S.T. An atlas of genetic influences on osteoporosis in humans and mice Nat. Genet. 2019 51 258 266 10.1038/s41588-018-0302-x 30598549

상세보기
32. Sun Y.V. Hu Y.-J. Integrative analysis of multi-omics data for discovery and functional studies of complex human diseases Advances in Genetics Elsevier Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2016 Volume 93 147 190
33. Hasin Y. Seldin M. Lusis A. Multi-omics approaches to disease Genome Biol. 2017 18 83 10.1186/s13059-017-1215-1 28476144

상세보기
34. Karsak M. Cohen-Solal M. Freudenberg J. Ostertag A. Morieux C. Kornak U. Essig J. Erxlebe E. Bab I. Kubisch C. Cannabinoid receptor type 2 gene is associated with human osteoporosis Hum. Mol. Genet. 2005 14 3389 3396 10.1093/hmg/ddi370 16204352

상세보기
35. Xu F. Teitelbaum S.L. Osteoclasts: New insights Bone Res. 2013 1 11 26 10.4248/BR201301003 26273491

상세보기
36. Udagawa N. Takahashi N. Jimi E. Matsuzaki K. Tsurukai T. Itoh K. Nakagawa N. Yasuda H. Goto M. Tsuda E. Osteoblasts/stromal cells stimulate osteoclast activation through expression of osteoclast differentiation factor/RANKL but not macrophage colony-stimulating factor Bone 1999 25 517 523 10.1016/S8756-3282(99)00210-0 10574571

상세보기
37. Yamashita T. Takahashi N. Udagawa N. New roles of osteoblasts involved in osteoclast differentiation WorldJ. Orthop. 2012 3 175 181 10.5312/wjo.v3.i11.175

상세보기
38. Ross F.P. M--CSF, c--Fms, and signaling in osteoclasts and their precursors Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2006 1068 110 116 10.1196/annals.1346.014 16831911

상세보기
39. Park J.H. Lee N.K. Lee S.Y. Current understanding of RANK signaling in osteoclast differentiation and maturation Mol. Cells 2017 40 706 713 29047262

원문보기 상세보기
40. Teitelbaum S.L. Bone resorption by osteoclasts Science 2000 289 1504 1508 10.1126/science.289.5484.1504 10968780

상세보기
41. Azuma Y. Kaji K. Katogi R. Takeshita S. Kudo A. Tumor necrosis factor-α induces differentiation of and bone resorption by osteoclasts J. Biol. Chem. 2000 275 4858 4864 10.1074/jbc.275.7.4858 10671521

상세보기
42. Yokota K. Sato K. Miyazaki T. Kitaura H. Kayama H. Miyoshi F. Araki Y. Akiyama Y. Takeda K. Mimura T. Combination of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin--6 induces mouse osteoclast--like cells with bone resorption activity both in vitro and in vivo Arthr. Rheumatol. 2014 66 121 129 10.1002/art.38218 24431283

상세보기
43. Zhao R. Immune regulation of osteoclast function in postmenopausal osteoporosis: A critical interdisciplinary perspective Int. J. Med. Sci. 2012 9 825 832 10.7150/ijms.5180 23136547

상세보기
44. Moon J.B. Kim J.H. Kim K. Youn B.U. Ko A. Lee S.Y. Kim N. Akt induces osteoclast differentiation through regulating the GSK3β/NFATc1 signaling cascade J. Immunol. 2012 188 163 169 10.4049/jimmunol.1101254 22131333

상세보기
45. Jang H.D. Noh J.Y. Shin J.H. Lin J.J. Lee S.Y. PTEN regulation by the Akt/GSK-3β axis during RANKL signaling Bone 2013 55 126 131 10.1016/j.bone.2013.02.005 23419777

상세보기
46. Nakamura I. Sasaki T. Tanaka S. Takahashi N. Jimi E. Kurokawa T. Kita Y. Ihara S. Suda T. Fukui Y. Phosphatidylinositol--3 kinase is involved in ruffled border formation in osteoclasts J. Cell. Physiol. 1997 172 230 239 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199708)172:2<230::AID-JCP10>3.0.CO;2-D 9258344

상세보기
47. Takeshita S. Namba N. Zhao J.J. Jiang Y. Genant H.K. Silva M.J. Brodt M.D. Helgason C.D. Kalesnikoff J. Rauh M.J. SHIP-deficient mice are severely osteoporotic due to increased numbers of hyper-resorptive osteoclasts Nat. Med. 2002 8 943 949 10.1038/nm752 12161749

상세보기
48. Wu M. Chen W. Lu Y. Zhu G. Hao L. Li Y.-P. Gα13 negatively controls osteoclastogenesis through inhibition of the Akt-GSK3β-NFATc1 signalling pathway Nat. Commun. 2017 8 1 13 10.1038/ncomms13700 28232747

상세보기
49. Ioannidis J.P. Ng M.Y. Sham P.C. Zintzaras E. Lewis C.M. Deng H.W. Econs M.J. Karasik D. Devoto M. Kammerer C.M. Meta--analysis of genome--wide scans provides evidence for sex--and site--specific regulation of bone mass J. Bone. Min. Res. 2007 22 173 183 10.1359/jbmr.060806

상세보기
50. Wilson S. Reed P. Bansal A. Chiano M. Lindersson M. Langdown M. Prince R. Thompson D. Thompson E. Bailey M. Comparison of genome screens for two independent cohorts provides replication of suggestive linkage of bone mineral density to 3p21 and 1p36 Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2003 72 144 155 10.1086/345819 12478480

상세보기
51. Mullin B.H. Prince R.L. Dick I.M. Hart D.J. Spector T.D. Dudbridge F. Wilson S.G. Identification of a role for the ARHGEF3 gene in postmenopausal osteoporosis Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2008 82 1262 1269 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.04.016 18499081

상세보기
52. Mullin B.H. Prince R.L. Mamotte C. Spector T.D. Hart D.J. Dudbridge F. Wilson S.G. Further genetic evidence suggesting a role for the RhoGTPase-RhoGEF pathway in osteoporosis Bone 2009 45 387 391 10.1016/j.bone.2009.04.254 19427924

상세보기
53. Hienz S.A. Paliwal S. Ivanovski S. Mechanisms of bone resorption in periodontitis J. Immunol. Res. 2015 2015 615486 10.1155/2015/615486 26065002

상세보기
54. Rucci N. Molecular biology of bone remodelling Clin. Cases Min. Bone Metab. 2008 5 49 56
55. Dong Z. Bonfil R.D. Chinni S. Deng X. Trindade Filho J.C. Bernardo M. Vaishampayan U. Che M. Sloane B.F. Sheng S. Matrix metalloproteinase activity and osteoclasts in experimental prostate cancer bone metastasis tissue Am. J. Pathol. 2005 166 1173 1186 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62337-1 15793297

상세보기
56. Henriksen K. Bollerslev J. Everts V. Karsdal M. Osteoclast activity and subtypes as a function of physiology and pathology―Implications for future treatments of osteoporosis Endocr. Rev. 2011 32 31 63 10.1210/er.2010-0006 20851921

상세보기
57. Das S. Crockett J.C. Osteoporosis？a current view of pharmacological prevention and treatment Drug. Des. Devel. 2013 7 435 448
58. Nakashima K. de Crombrugghe B. Transcriptional mechanisms in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation Trends Genet. 2003 19 458 466 10.1016/S0168-9525(03)00176-8 12902164

상세보기
59. BRIGHTON C.T. Sugioka Y. HUNT R.M. Cytoplasmic structures of epiphyseal plate chondrocytes: Quantitative evaluation using electron micrographs of rat costochondral junctions with special reference to the fate of hypertrophic cells J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 1973 55 771 784 10.2106/00004623-197355040-00012

상세보기
60. De Crombrugghe B. Lefebvre V. Nakashima K. Regulatory mechanisms in the pathways of cartilage and bone formation Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2001 13 721 728 10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00276-3 11698188

상세보기
61. Long F. Building strong bones: Molecular regulation of the osteoblast lineage Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2012 13 27 38 10.1038/nrm3254

상세보기
62. Fung Ling Chau J. Fook Leong W. Li B. Signaling pathways governing osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and function Histol. Histopathol. 2009 24 1593 1606 19795357
63. Meyer M.B. Benkusky N.A. Pike J.W. The RUNX2 Cistrome in Osteoblasts Characterization, Down-Regulation Following Differentiation, and Relationship to Gene Expression J. Biol. Chem. 2014 289 16016 16031 10.1074/jbc.M114.552216 24764292

상세보기
64. Soltanoff C.S. Chen W. Yang S. Li Y.-P. Signaling networks that control the lineage commitment and differentiation of bone cells Crit. Rev. Eukar. Gene 2009 19 1 46 10.1615/CritRevEukarGeneExpr.v19.i1.10

상세보기
65. Lin G.L. Hankenson K.D. Integration of BMP, Wnt, and notch signaling pathways in osteoblast differentiation J. Cell. Biochem. 2011 112 3491 3501 10.1002/jcb.23287 21793042

상세보기
66. Linkhart T.A. Mohan S. Baylink D.J. Growth factors for bone growth and repair: IGF, TGFβ and BMP Bone 1996 19 S1 S12 10.1016/S8756-3282(96)00138-X

상세보기
67. Tan S. Zhang B. Zhu X. Ao P. Guo H. Yi W. Zhou G.-Q. Deregulation of bone forming cells in bone diseases and anabolic effects of strontium-containing agents and biomaterials Biomed Res. Int. 2014 2014 814057 10.1155/2014/814057 24800251

상세보기
68. Marie P.J. Kassem M. Osteoblasts in osteoporosis: Past, emerging, and future anabolic targets Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2011 165 1 10 10.1530/EJE-11-0132 21543379

상세보기
69. Yuan J. Xin F. Jiang W. Underlying signaling pathways and therapeutic applications of pulsed electromagnetic fields in bone repair Cell. Physiol. Biochem 2018 46 1581 1594 10.1159/000489206 29694967

상세보기
70. Tang Y. Wu X. Lei W. Pang L. Wan C. Shi Z. Zhao L. Nagy T.R. Peng X. Hu J. TGF-β1？induced migration of bone mesenchymal stem cells couples bone resorption with formation Nat. Med. 2009 15 757 765 10.1038/nm.1979 19584867

상세보기
71. Lacey D.L. Boyle W.J. Simonet W.S. Kostenuik P.J. Dougall W.C. Sullivan J.K. San Martin J. Dansey R. Bench to bedside: Elucidation of the OPG？RANK？RANKL pathway and the development of denosumab Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2012 11 401 419 10.1038/nrd3705 22543469

상세보기
72. Mori G. D’Amelio P. Faccio R. Brunetti G. The interplay between the bone and the immune system Clin. Dev. Immunol. 2013 2013 720504 10.1155/2013/720504 23935650

상세보기
73. Sobacchi C. Frattini A. Guerrini M.M. Abinun M. Pangrazio A. Susani L. Bredius R. Mancini G. Cant A. Bishop N. Osteoclast-poor human osteopetrosis due to mutations in the gene encoding RANKL Nat. Genet. 2007 39 960 962 10.1038/ng2076 17632511

상세보기
74. Crockett J. Mellis D. Scott D. Helfrich M. New knowledge on critical osteoclast formation and activation pathways from study of rare genetic diseases of osteoclasts: Focus on the RANK/RANKL axis Osteoporos. Int. 2011 22 1 20 10.1007/s00198-010-1272-8

상세보기
75. Walsh M.C. Choi Y. Biology of the RANKL？RANK？OPG system in immunity, bone, and beyond Front. Immunol. 2014 5 511 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00511 25368616

상세보기
76. Infante M. Fabi A. Cognetti F. Gorini S. Caprio M. Fabbri A. RANKL/RANK/OPG system beyond bone remodeling: Involvement in breast cancer and clinical perspectives J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 2019 38 12 10.1186/s13046-018-1001-2 30621730

상세보기
77. Teitelbaum S.L. Ross F.P. Genetic regulation of osteoclast development and function Nat. Rev. Genet. 2003 4 638 649 10.1038/nrg1122 12897775

상세보기
78. Tate M.L.K. Adamson J.R. Tami A.E. Bauer T.W. The osteocyte Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 2004 36 1 8 10.1016/S1357-2725(03)00241-3 14592527

상세보기
79. Mao B. Wu W. Davidson G. Marhold J. Li M. Mechler B.M. Delius H. Hoppe D. Stannek P. Walter C. Kremen proteins are Dickkopf receptors that regulate Wnt/β-catenin signalling Nature 2002 417 664 667 10.1038/nature756 12050670

상세보기
80. Bonewald L.F. The amazing osteocyte J. Bione Min. Res. 2011 26 229 238 10.1002/jbmr.320

상세보기
81. Dallas S.L. Prideaux M. Bonewald L.F. The osteocyte: An endocrine cell… and more Endocr. Rev. 2013 34 658 690 10.1210/er.2012-1026 23612223

상세보기
82. Sims N.A. Walsh N.C. Intercellular cross-talk among bone cells: New factors and pathways Curr. Osteoporos. Rep. 2012 10 109 117 10.1007/s11914-012-0096-1 22427140

상세보기
83. Muruganandan S. Ionescu A.M. Sinal C.J. At the Crossroads of the Adipocyte and Osteoclast Differentiation Programs: Future Therapeutic Perspectives Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020 21 2277 10.3390/ijms21072277 32224846

상세보기
84. Takeshita S. Fumoto T. Naoe Y. Ikeda K. Age-related marrow adipogenesis is linked to increased expression of RANKL J. Biol. Chem. 2014 289 16699 16710 10.1074/jbc.M114.547919 24753250

상세보기
85. Wan Y. Chong L.-W. Evans R.M. PPAR-γ regulates osteoclastogenesis in mice Nat. Med. 2007 13 1496 1503 10.1038/nm1672 18059282

상세보기
86. Muruganandan S. Govindarajan R. McMullen N.M. Sinal C.J. Chemokine--like receptor 1 is a novel Wnt target gene that regulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation Stem Cells 2017 35 711 724 10.1002/stem.2520 27733019

상세보기
87. Wei W. Wang X. Yang M. Smith L.C. Dechow P.C. Wan Y. PGC1β mediates PPARγ activation of osteoclastogenesis and rosiglitazone-induced bone loss Cell Metab. 2010 11 503 516 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.04.015 20519122

상세보기
88. Muruganandan S. Dranse H.J. Rourke J.L. McMullen N.M. Sinal C.J. Chemerin neutralization blocks hematopoietic stem cell osteoclastogenesis Stem Cells 2013 31 2172 2182 10.1002/stem.1450 23766088

상세보기
89. Whittier X. Saag K.G. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis Rheum. Dis. Clin. North. Am. 2015 42 177 189 10.1016/j.rdc.2015.08.005 26611558

상세보기
90. Migliaccio S. Brama M. Fornari R. Greco E.A. Spera G. Malavolta N. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: An osteoblastic disease Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 2007 19 5 10 18180599

상세보기
91. Tsay J. Yang Z. Ross F.P. Cunningham-Rundles S. Lin H. Coleman R. Mayer-Kuckuk P. Doty S.B. Grady R.W. Giardina P.J. Bone loss caused by iron overload in a murine model: Importance of oxidative stress Blood 2010 116 2582 2589 10.1182/blood-2009-12-260083 20554970

상세보기
92. Balogh E. Tolnai E. Nagy Jr B. Nagy B. Balla G. Balla J. Jeney V. Iron overload inhibits osteogenic commitment and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via the induction of ferritin Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2016 1862 1640 1649 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.06.003 27287253

상세보기
93. Ukon Y. Makino T. Kodama J. Tsukazaki H. Tateiwa D. Yoshikawa H. Kaito T. Molecular-based treatment strategies for osteoporosis: A literature review Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019 20 2557 10.3390/ijms20102557

상세보기
94. Russell R.G.G. Bisphosphonates: The first 40 years Bone 2011 49 2 19 10.1016/j.bone.2011.04.022 21555003

상세보기
95. Crandall C.J. Newberry S.J. Diamant A. Lim Y.-W. Gellad W.F. Booth M.J. Motala A. Shekelle P.G. Comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic treatments to prevent fractures: An updated systematic review Ann. Int. Med. 2014 161 711 723 10.7326/M14-0317 25199883

상세보기
96. Saag K.G. Emkey R. Schnitzer T.J. Brown J.P. Hawkins F. Goemaere S. Thamsborg G. Liberman U.A. Delmas P.D. Malice M.-P. Alendronate for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis N. Eng. J. Med. 1998 339 292 299 10.1056/NEJM199807303390502

상세보기
97. Reid D.M. Hughes R.A. Laan R.F. Sacco--Gibson N.A. Wenderoth D.H. Adami S. Eusebio R.A. Devogelaer J.P. Efficacy and safety of daily risedronate in the treatment of corticosteroid--induced osteoporosis in men and women: A randomized trial J. Bone Min. Res. 2000 15 1006 1013 10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.6.1006

상세보기
98. Reid D.M. Devogelaer J.-P. Saag K. Roux C. Lau C.-S. Reginster J.-Y. Papanastasiou P. Ferreira A. Hartl F. Fashola T. Zoledronic acid and risedronate in the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (HORIZON): A multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised controlled trial Lancet 2009 373 1253 1263 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60250-6 19362675

상세보기
99. Zhou J. Ma X. Wang T. Zhai S. Comparative efficacy of bisphosphonates in short-term fracture prevention for primary osteoporosis: A systematic review with network meta-analyses Osteoporos. Int. 2016 27 3289 3300 10.1007/s00198-016-3654-z 27273112

상세보기
100. Zhou J. Wang T. Zhao X. Miller D.R. Zhai S. Comparative efficacy of bisphosphonates to prevent fracture in men with osteoporosis: A systematic review with network meta-analyses Rheumatol. Ther. 2016 3 117 128 10.1007/s40744-016-0030-6 27747517

상세보기
101. Hoppe E. Masson C. Laffitte A. Chappard D. Audran M. Osteomalacia in a patient with Paget’s bone disease treated with long-term etidronate Morphologie 2012 96 40 43 10.1016/j.morpho.2012.08.001 23022200

상세보기
102. Lin T. Wang C. Cai X.Z. Zhao X. Shi M.M. Ying Z.M. Yuan F.Z. Guo C. Yan S.G. Comparison of clinical efficacy and safety between denosumab and alendronate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: A meta--analysis Int. J. Clin. Pr. 2012 66 399 408 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02806.x

상세보기
103. Von Keyserlingk C. Hopkins R. Anastasilakis A. Toulis K. Goeree R. Tarride J.-E. Xie F. Clinical efficacy and safety of denosumab in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density and osteoporosis: A meta-analysis Semin. Arthritis Rheum 2011 41 178 186 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.03.005 21616520

상세보기
104. Cummings S.R. Martin J.S. McClung M.R. Siris E.S. Eastell R. Reid I.R. Delmas P. Zoog H.B. Austin M. Wang A. Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis N. Eng. J. Med. 2009 361 756 765 10.1056/NEJMoa0809493

상세보기
105. Hanley D. Adachi J. Bell A. Brown V. Denosumab: Mechanism of action and clinical outcomes Int. J. Clin. Pr. 2012 66 1139 1146 10.1111/ijcp.12022

상세보기
106. Saag K.G. Wagman R.B. Geusens P. Adachi J.D. Messina O.D. Emkey R. Chapurlat R. Wang A. Pannacciulli N. Lems W.F. Denosumab versus risedronate in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, double-dummy, non-inferiority study Lancet Diabetes Endo. 2018 6 445 454 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30075-5

상세보기
107. Anastasilakis A.D. Toulis K.A. Polyzos S.A. Anastasilakis C.D. Makras P. Long-term treatment of osteoporosis: Safety and efficacy appraisal of denosumab Clin. Risk Manag. 2012 8 295 306 10.2147/TCRM.S24239 22767993

상세보기
108. Nakamura T. Imai Y. Matsumoto T. Sato S. Takeuchi K. Igarashi K. Harada Y. Azuma Y. Krust A. Yamamoto Y. Estrogen prevents bone loss via estrogen receptor α and induction of Fas ligand in osteoclasts Cell 2007 130 811 823 10.1016/j.cell.2007.07.025 17803905

상세보기
109. Ettinger B. Black D.M. Mitlak B.H. Knickerbocker R.K. Nickelsen T. Genant H.K. Christiansen C. Delmas P.D. Zanchetta J.R. Stakkestad J. Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene: Results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial JAMA 1999 282 637 645 10.1001/jama.282.7.637 10517716

상세보기
110. Watts N.B. Adler R.A. Bilezikian J.P. Drake M.T. Eastell R. Orwoll E.S. Finkelstein J.S. Osteoporosis in men: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 2012 97 1802 1822 10.1210/jc.2011-3045 22675062

상세보기
111. Tu K.N. Lie J.D. Wan C.K.V. Cameron M. Austel A.G. Nguyen J.K. Van K. Hyun D. Osteoporosis: A review of treatment options Pharm. Ther. 2018 43 92
112. Binkley N. Bolognese M. Sidorowicz--Bialynicka A. Vally T. Trout R. Miller C. Buben C.E. Gilligan J.P. Krause D.S. Investigators O.C.i.P.O. A phase 3 trial of the efficacy and safety of oral recombinant calcitonin: The Oral Calcitonin in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (ORACAL) trial J. Bone Min. Res. 2012 27 1821 1829 10.1002/jbmr.1602

상세보기
113. Ishida Y. Kawai S. Comparative efficacy of hormone replacement therapy, etidronate, calcitonin, alfacalcidol, and vitamin K in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: The Yamaguchi Osteoporosis Prevention Study Am. J. Med. 2004 117 549 555 10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.05.019 15465502

상세보기
114. Munoz-Torres M. Alonso G. Raya P.M. Calcitonin therapy in osteoporosis Treat. Endocrinol. 2004 3 117 132 10.2165/00024677-200403020-00006 15743107

상세보기
115. Ito A. Takeda M. Yoshimura T. Komatsu T. Ohno T. Kuriyama H. Matsuda A. Yoshimura M. Anti-hyperalgesic effects of calcitonin on neuropathic pain interacting with its peripheral receptors Mol. Pain 2012 8 42 10.1186/1744-8069-8-42 22676202

상세보기
116. Trovas G. Lyritis G. Galanos A. Raptou P. Constantelou E. A randomized trial of nasal spray salmon calcitonin in men with idiopathic osteoporosis: Effects on bone mineral density and bone markers J. Bone Min. Res. 2002 17 521 527 10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.3.521

상세보기
117. Martin T.J. Sims N.A. Osteoclast-derived activity in the coupling of bone formation to resorption Trends. Mol. Med. 2005 11 76 81 10.1016/j.molmed.2004.12.004 15694870

상세보기
118. Mullard A. Merck & Co. drops osteoporosis drug odanacatib Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2016 15 669 670
119. Schmidt C. Third-generation SERMs may face uphill battle J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2010 102 1690 1692 10.1093/jnci/djq477 21060064

상세보기
120. Cummings S.R. Ensrud K. Delmas P.D. LaCroix A.Z. Vukicevic S. Reid D.M. Goldstein S. Sriram U. Lee A. Thompson J. Lasofoxifene in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis N. Eng. J. Med. 2010 362 686 696 10.1056/NEJMoa0808692

상세보기
121. Hock J. Gera I. Effects of continuous and intermittent administration and inhibition of resorption on the anabolic response of bone to parathyroid hormone J. Bone Min. Res. 1992 7 65 72 10.1002/jbmr.5650070110

상세보기
122. Neer R.M. Arnaud C.D. Zanchetta J.R. Prince R. Gaich G.A. Reginster J.-Y. Hodsman A.B. Eriksen E.F. Ish-Shalom S. Genant H.K. Effect of parathyroid hormone (1-34) on fractures and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis N. Eng. J. Med. 2001 344 1434 1441 10.1056/NEJM200105103441904 11346808

상세보기
123. Rutkovskiy A. Stensløkken K.-O. Vaage I.J. Osteoblast differentiation at a glance Med. Sci. Monit. 2016 22 95 106 10.12659/MSMBR.901142 27667570

상세보기
124. Reid I.R. Short-term and long-term effects of osteoporosis therapies Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2015 11 418 428 10.1038/nrendo.2015.71 25963272

상세보기
125. Miller P.D. Hattersley G. Riis B.J. Williams G.C. Lau E. Russo L.A. Alexandersen P. Zerbini C.A. Hu M.-y. Harris A.G. Effect of abaloparatide vs placebo on new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: A randomized clinical trial JAMA 2016 316 722 733 10.1001/jama.2016.11136 27533157

상세보기
126. Saag K.G. Zanchetta J.R. Devogelaer J.P. Adler R.A. Eastell R. See K. Krege J.H. Krohn K. Warner M.R. Effects of teriparatide versus alendronate for treating glucocorticoid--induced osteoporosis: Thirty--six？month results of a randomized, double--blind, controlled trial Arthritis Rheum. 2009 60 3346 3355 10.1002/art.24879 19877063

상세보기
127. Hattersley G. Dean T. Corbin B.A. Bahar H. Gardella T.J. Binding selectivity of abaloparatide for PTH-type-1-receptor conformations and effects on downstream signaling Endocrinology 2016 157 141 149 10.1210/en.2015-1726 26562265

상세보기
128. Mi B. Xiong W. Xu N. Guan H. Fang Z. Liao H. Zhang Y. Gao B. Xiao X. Fu J. Strontium-loaded titania nanotube arrays repress osteoclast differentiation through multiple signalling pathways: In vitro and in vivo studies Sci. Rep. 2017 7 1 16 10.1038/s41598-017-02491-9 28127051

상세보기
129. Ott S.M. Sclerostin and Wnt signaling―the pathway to bone strength J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2005 90 6741 6743 10.1210/jc.2005-2370 16330810
130. Cosman F. Crittenden D.B. Adachi J.D. Binkley N. Czerwinski E. Ferrari S. Hofbauer L.C. Lau E. Lewiecki E.M. Miyauchi A. Romosozumab treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis N. Eng. J. Med. 2016 375 1532 1543 10.1056/NEJMoa1607948

상세보기
131. Langdahl B.L. Libanati C. Crittenden D.B. Bolognese M.A. Brown J.P. Daizadeh N.S. Dokoupilova E. Engelke K. Finkelstein J.S. Genant H.K. Romosozumab (sclerostin monoclonal antibody) versus teriparatide in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis transitioning from oral bisphosphonate therapy: A randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial Lancet 2017 390 1585 1594 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31613-6 28755782

상세보기
132. Saag K.G. Petersen J. Brandi M.L. Karaplis A.C. Lorentzon M. Thomas T. Maddox J. Fan M. Meisner P.D. Grauer A. Romosozumab or alendronate for fracture prevention in women with osteoporosis N. Eng. J. Med. 2017 377 1417 1427 10.1056/NEJMoa1708322

상세보기
133. Mullard A. FDA approves first-in-class osteoporosis drug Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2019 18 411 412 10.1038/d41573-019-00083-y 31160774

상세보기
134. MacNabb C. Patton D. Hayes J. Sclerostin antibody therapy for the treatment of osteoporosis: Clinical prospects and challenges J. Osteoporos. 2016 2016 6217286 10.1155/2016/6217286 27313945

상세보기
135. Massoud F. Gauthier S. Update on the pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer’s disease Curr. Neuropharmacol. 2010 8 69 80 10.2174/157015910790909520 20808547

상세보기
136. Inkson C.A. Brabbs A.C. Grewal T.S. Skerry T.M. Genever P.G. Characterization of acetylcholinesterase expression and secretion during osteoblast differentiation Bone 2004 35 819 827 10.1016/j.bone.2004.05.026 15454088

상세보기
137. Suryadevara V. Kluppel M. del Monte F. Willis M.S. The Unraveling: Cardiac and Musculoskeletal Defects and their Role in Common Alzheimer disease Morbidity and Mortality Am. J. Pathol. 2020 190 1609 1621 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.04.013 32407731

상세보기
138. Tamimi I. Ojea T. Sanchez--Siles J.M. Rojas F. Martin I. Gormaz I. Perez A. Dawid--Milner M.S. Mendez L. Tamimi F. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and the risk of hip fracture in Alzheimer’s disease patients: A case--control study J. Bone Min. Metab. 2012 27 1518 1527 10.1002/jbmr.1616

상세보기
139. Beekman K.M. Veldhuis-Vlug A.G. van der Veen A. den Heijer M. Maas M. Kerckhofs G. Parac-Vogt T.N. Bisschop P.H. Bravenboer N. The effect of PPARγ inhibition on bone marrow adipose tissue and bone in C3H/HeJ mice Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2019 316 E96 E105 10.1152/ajpendo.00265.2018 30457914

상세보기
140. Weske S. Vaidya M. Reese A. von Wnuck Lipinski K. Keul P. Bayer J.K. Fischer J.W. Flogel U. Nelsen J. Epple M. Targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase as an anabolic therapy for bone loss Nat. Med. 2018 24 667 678 10.1038/s41591-018-0005-y 29662200

상세보기
141. Jang H.J. Lim S. Kim J.M. Yoon S. Lee C.Y. Hwang H.J. Shin J.W. Shin K.J. Kim H.Y. Park K.I. Glucosylceramide synthase regulates adipo--osteogenic differentiation through synergistic activation of PPARγ with GlcCer FASEB J. 2020 34 1270 1287 10.1096/fj.201901437R 31914593

상세보기
142. Yang Y. Luo X. Xie X. Yan F. Chen G. Zhao W. Jiang Z. Fang C. Shen J. Influences of teriparatide administration on marrow fat content in postmenopausal osteopenic women using MR spectroscopy Climacteric 2016 19 285 291 10.3109/13697137.2015.1126576 26744910

상세보기
143. Jackson R.D. LaCroix A.Z. Gass M. Wallace R.B. Robbins J. Lewis C.E. Bassford T. Beresford S.A. Black H.R. Blanchette P. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures N. Eng. J. Med. 2006 354 669 683 10.1056/NEJMoa055218 16481635

상세보기
144. Bolland M.J. Grey A. Avenell A. Gamble G.D. Reid I.R. Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: Reanalysis of the Women’s Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis BMJ 2011 342 d2040 10.1136/bmj.d2040 21505219

상세보기
145. O’Donnell S. Moher D. Thomas K. Hanley D.A. Cranney A. Systematic review of the benefits and harms of calcitriol and alfacalcidol for fractures and falls J. Bone Min. Res. 2008 26 531 542 10.1007/s00774-008-0868-y

상세보기
146. Papadimitropoulos E. Wells G. Shea B. Gillespie W. Weaver B. Zytaruk N. Cranney A. Adachi J. Tugwell P. Josse R. Meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. VIII: Meta-analysis of the efficacy of vitamin D treatment in preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women Endocr. Rev. 2002 23 560 569 10.1210/er.2001-8002 12202471

상세보기
147. Sanders K.M. Stuart A.L. Williamson E.J. Simpson J.A. Kotowicz M.A. Young D. Nicholson G.C. Annual high-dose oral vitamin D and falls and fractures in older women: A randomized controlled trial JAMA 2010 303 1815 1822 10.1001/jama.2010.594 20460620

상세보기
148. Bischoff-Ferrari H.A. Dawson-Hughes B. Orav E.J. Staehelin H.B. Meyer O.W. Theiler R. Dick W. Willett W.C. Egli A. Monthly high-dose vitamin D treatment for the prevention of functional decline: A randomized clinical trial JAMA Intern. Med. 2016 176 175 183 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.7148 26747333
149. Booth S.L. Tucker K.L. Chen H. Hannan M.T. Gagnon D.R. Cupples L.A. Wilson P.W. Ordovas J. Schaefer E.J. Dawson-Hughes B. Dietary vitamin K intakes are associated with hip fracture but not with bone mineral density in elderly men and women Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000 71 1201 1208 10.1093/ajcn/71.5.1201 10799384

상세보기
150. Shiraki M. Yamazaki Y. Shiraki Y. Hosoi T. Tsugawa N. Okano T. High level of serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin in patients with incident fractures during bisphosphonate treatment J. Bone Min. Metab. 2010 28 578 584 10.1007/s00774-010-0167-2

상세보기
151. Shiraki M. Itabashi A. Short-term menatetrenone therapy increases gamma-carboxylation of osteocalcin with a moderate increase of bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporosis: A randomized prospective study J. Bone Min. Metab. 2009 27 333 340 10.1007/s00774-008-0034-6

상세보기
152. Lou S. Lv H. Yin P. Li Z. Tang P. Wang Y. Combination therapy with parathyroid hormone analogs and antiresorptive agents for osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Osteoporos. Int. 2019 30 59 70 10.1007/s00198-018-4790-4 30539271

상세보기
153. Kitaguchi K. Kashii M. Ebina K. Kaito T. Okada R. Makino T. Noguchi T. Ishimoto T. Nakano T. Yoshikawa H. Effects of single or combination therapy of teriparatide and anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody on bone defect regeneration in mice Bone 2018 106 1 10 10.1016/j.bone.2017.09.021 28978416

상세보기
154. McClung M.R. Using osteoporosis therapies in combination Curr. Osteoporos. Rep. 2017 15 343 352 10.1007/s11914-017-0376-x 28667435

상세보기
155. Ofek O. Karsak M. Leclerc N. Fogel M. Frenkel B. Wright K. Tam J. Attar-Namdar M. Kram V. Shohami E. Peripheral cannabinoid receptor, CB2, regulates bone mass Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006 103 696 701 10.1073/pnas.0504187103 16407142

상세보기
156. Idris A.I. Sophocleous A. Landao-Bassonga E. Canals M. Milligan G. Baker D. van’t Hof R.J. Ralston S.H. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 protects against age-related osteoporosis by regulating osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation in marrow stromal cells Cell Metab. 2009 10 139 147 10.1016/j.cmet.2009.07.006 19656492

상세보기
157. Rossi F. Bellini G. Tortora C. Bernardo M.E. Luongo L. Conforti A. Starc N. Manzo I. Nobili B. Locatelli F. CB2 and TRPV1 receptors oppositely modulate in vitro human osteoblast activity Pharm. Res. 2015 99 194 201 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.06.010

상세보기
158. Idris A.I. Ralston S.H. Role of cannabinoids in the regulation of bone remodeling Front. Endocrinol. 2012 3 136 10.3389/fendo.2012.00136

상세보기
159. Cong Q. Jia H. Li P. Qiu S. Yeh J. Wang Y. Zhang Z.-L. Ao J. Li B. Liu H. p38α MAPK regulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoclast progenitors and bone remodeling in an aging-dependent manner Sci. Rep. 2017 7 45964 10.1038/srep45964 28382965

상세보기
160. Jung H. Kim D.O. Byun J.-E. Kim W.S. Kim M.J. Song H.Y. Kim Y.K. Kang D.-K. Park Y.-J. Kim T.-D. Thioredoxin-interacting protein regulates haematopoietic stem cell ageing and rejuvenation by inhibiting p38 kinase activity Nat. Commun. 2016 7 1 12 10.1038/ncomms13674

상세보기
161. Kim M.J. Kim W.S. Byun J.-E. Choi J.H. Yoon S.R. Choi I. Jung H. Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by thioredoxin-interacting protein-derived peptide (TN13) J. Clin. Med. 2019 8 431 10.3390/jcm8040431

상세보기
162. Luo J. Yang Z. Ma Y. Yue Z. Lin H. Qu G. Huang J. Dai W. Li C. Zheng C. LGR4 is a receptor for RANKL and negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption Nat. Med. 2016 22 539 546 10.1038/nm.4076 27064449

상세보기
163. Nagaoka M. Maeda T. Moriwaki S. Nomura A. Kato Y. Niida S. Kruger M.C. Suzuki K. Petunidin, a b-ring 5′-O-methylated derivative of delphinidin, stimulates osteoblastogenesis and reduces srankl-induced bone loss Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019 20 2795 10.3390/ijms20112795

상세보기
164. Park E. Kim J. Kim M.-C. Yeo S. Kim J. Park S. Jo M. Choi C.W. Jin H.-S. Lee S.W. Anti-osteoporotic effects of kukoamine b isolated from lycii radicis cortex extract on osteoblast and osteoclast cells and ovariectomized osteoporosis model mice Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019 20 2784 10.3390/ijms20112784

상세보기
165. Li F. Zhou C. Xu L. Tao S. Zhao J. Gu Q. Effect of stem cell therapy on bone mineral density: A meta-analysis of preclinical studies in animal models of osteoporosis PLoS ONE 2016 11 e0149400 10.1371/journal.pone.0149400 26882451

상세보기
166. Ilic D. Miere C. Lazic E. Umbilical cord blood stem cells: Clinical trials in non-hematological disorders Br. Med. Bull. 2012 102 43 57 10.1093/bmb/lds008 22544780

상세보기
167. Dzobo K. Thomford N.E. Senthebane D.A. Shipanga H. Rowe A. Dandara C. Pillay M. Motaung K.S.C.M. Advances in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering: Innovation and transformation of medicine Stem Cells Int. 2018 2018 2495848 10.1155/2018/2495848 30154861

상세보기
168. Paspaliaris V. Kolios G. Stem cells in osteoporosis: From biology to new therapeutic approaches Stem Cells Int. 2019 2019 1730978 10.1155/2019/1730978 31281368

상세보기
169. Goodarzi P. Payab M. Alavi-Moghadam S. Larijani B. Rahim F. Bana N. Sarvari M. Adibi H. Heravani N.F. Hadavandkhani M. Development and validation of Alzheimer’s disease animal model for the purpose of regenerative medicine Cell Tissue Bank. 2019 20 141 151 10.1007/s10561-019-09773-8 31087217

상세보기
170. Aghebati--Maleki L. Dolati S. Zandi R. Fotouhi A. Ahmadi M. Aghebati A. Nouri M. Kazem Shakouri S. Yousefi M. Prospect of mesenchymal stem cells in therapy of osteoporosis: A review J. Cell. Physiol. 2019 234 8570 8578 10.1002/jcp.27833 30488448

상세보기
171. Bianco P. Cao X. Frenette P.S. Mao J.J. Robey P.G. Simmons P.J. Wang C.-Y. The meaning, the sense and the significance: Translating the science of mesenchymal stem cells into medicine Nat. Med. 2013 19 35 42 10.1038/nm.3028 23296015

상세보기
172. Su P. Tian Y. Yang C. Ma X. Wang X. Pei J. Qian A. Mesenchymal stem cell migration during bone formation and bone diseases therapy Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018 19 2343 10.3390/ijms19082343 30096908

상세보기
173. Xiao L. Sobue T. Esliger A. Kronenberg M.S. Coffin J.D. Doetschman T. Hurley M.M. Disruption of the Fgf2 gene activates the adipogenic and suppresses the osteogenic program in mesenchymal marrow stromal stem cells Bone 2010 47 360 370 10.1016/j.bone.2010.05.021 20510392

상세보기
174. Ugarte F. Ryser M. Thieme S. Fierro F.A. Navratiel K. Bornhauser M. Brenner S. Notch signaling enhances osteogenic differentiation while inhibiting adipogenesis in primary human bone marrow stromal cells Exp. Hematol. 2009 37 867 875 10.1016/j.exphem.2009.03.007 19540436

상세보기
175. Byun M.R. Jeong H. Bae S.J. Kim A.R. Hwang E.S. Hong J.-H. TAZ is required for the osteogenic and anti-adipogenic activities of kaempferol Bone 2012 50 364 372 10.1016/j.bone.2011.10.035 22108137

상세보기
176. James A.W. Review of signaling pathways governing MSC osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation Scientifica 2013 2013 684736 10.1155/2013/684736 24416618

상세보기
177. Chu C. Wei S. Wang Y. Wang Y. Man Y. Qu Y. Extracellular vesicle and mesenchymal stem cells in bone regeneration: Recent progress and perspectives J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A 2019 107 243 250 10.1002/jbm.a.36518

상세보기
178. Behera J. Tyagi N. Exosomes: Mediators of bone diseases, protection, and therapeutics potential Oncoscience 2018 5 181 10.18632/oncoscience.421 30035185

상세보기
179. Ye X. Zhang P. Xue S. Xu Y. Tan J. Liu G. Adipose-derived stem cells alleviate osteoporosis by enchancing osteogenesis and inhibiting adipogenesis in a rabbit model Cytotherapy 2014 16 1643 1655 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.07.009 25231892

상세보기
180. Chen H.T. Lee M.J. Chen C.H. Chuang S.C. Chang L.F. Ho M.L. Hung S.H. Fu Y.C. Wang Y.H. Wang H.I. Proliferation and differentiation potential of human adipose--derived mesenchymal stem cells isolated from elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2012 16 582 592 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01335.x 21545685

상세보기
181. Liu H.-Y. Chiou J.-F. Wu A.T. Tsai C.-Y. Leu J.-D. Ting L.-L. Wang M.-F. Chen H.-Y. Lin C.-T. Williams D.F. The effect of diminished osteogenic signals on reduced osteoporosis recovery in aged mice and the potential therapeutic use of adipose-derived stem cells Biomaterials 2012 33 6105 6112 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.05.024 22698723

상세보기
182. Phetfong J. Sanvoranart T. Nartprayut K. Nimsanor N. Seenprachawong K. Prachayasittikul V. Supokawej A. Osteoporosis: The current status of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett. 2016 21 1 20 10.1186/s11658-016-0013-1 28536604

상세보기
183. Oryan A. Kamali A. Moshiri A. Eslaminejad M.B. Role of mesenchymal stem cells in bone regenerative medicine: What is the evidence? Cells Tissues Organs 2017 204 59 83 10.1159/000469704 28647733

상세보기
184. Nimiritsky P.P. Eremichev R.Y. Alexandrushkina N.A. Efimenko A.Y. Tkachuk V.A. Makarevich P.I. Unveiling mesenchymal stromal cells’ organizing function in regeneration Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019 20 823 10.3390/ijms20040823

상세보기
185. Arjmand B. Sarvari M. Alavi-Moghadam S. Payab M. Goodarzi P. Gilany K. Mehrdad N. Larijani B. Prospect of Stem Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine in Osteoporosis Front. Endocrinol. 2020 11 430 10.3389/fendo.2020.00430

상세보기
186. Wang Y. Grainger D.W. Developing siRNA therapies to address osteoporosis Ther. Deliv. 2013 4 1239 1246 10.4155/tde.13.85 24116909

상세보기
187. Sisay M. Mengistu G. Edessa D. The RANK/RANKL/OPG system in tumorigenesis and metastasis of cancer stem cell: Potential targets for anticancer therapy Oncotargets Ther. 2017 10 3801 3810 10.2147/OTT.S135867

상세보기
188. Zhang N. Zhang Z.-K. Yu Y. Zhuo Z. Zhang G. Zhang B.-T. Pros and Cons of Denosumab Treatment for Osteoporosis and Implication for RANKL Aptamer Therapy Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 2020 8 10.3389/fcell.2020.00325 32117959

상세보기
189. Zhou J. Rossi J. Aptamers as targeted therapeutics: Current potential and challenges Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2017 16 181 202 10.1038/nrd.2016.199 27807347

상세보기
190. Johnell O. Kanis J. An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures Osteoporos. Int. 2006 17 1726 1733 10.1007/s00198-006-0172-4 16983459

상세보기

LOADING...

활용도 분석정보

상세보기

다운로드

내보내기

활용도 Top5 논문

해당 논문의 주제분야에서 활용도가 높은 상위 5개 콘텐츠를 보여줍니다.
더보기 버튼을 클릭하시면 더 많은 관련자료를 살펴볼 수 있습니다.

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증