[논문]Recent Updates on Outbreaks of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Its Potential Reservoirs

Kim, Jun-Seob; Lee, Moo-Seung; Kim, Ji Hyung

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00273

[해외논문] Recent Updates on Outbreaks of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Its Potential Reservoirs 원문보기

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, v.10, 2020년, pp.273 -

Kim, Jun-Seob (Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon , South Korea) , Lee, Moo-Seung (Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon , South Korea) , Kim, Ji Hyung (Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon , South Korea)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Following infection with certain strains of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), particularly enterohemorrhagic ones, patients are at elevated risk for developing life-threatening extraintestinal complications, such as acute renal failure. Hence, these bacteria represent a public health concern in both developed and developing countries. Shiga toxins (Stxs) expressed by STEC are highly cytotoxic class II ribosome-inactivating proteins and primary virulence factors responsible for major clinical signs of Stx-mediated pathogenesis, including bloody diarrhea, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and neurological complications. Ruminant animals are thought to serve as critical environmental reservoirs of Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), but other emerging or arising reservoirs of the toxin-producing bacteria have been overlooked. In particular, a number of new animal species from wildlife and aquaculture industries have recently been identified as unexpected reservoir or spillover hosts of STEC. Here, we summarize recent findings about reservoirs of STEC and review outbreaks of these bacteria both within and outside the United States. A better understanding of environmental transmission to humans will facilitate the development of novel strategies for preventing zoonotic STEC infection.

Keyword

참고문헌 (127)

Alam M. J. Zurek L. ( 2004 ). Association of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with houseflies on a cattle farm . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70 , 7578 ？ 7580 . 10.1128/AEM.70.12.7578-7580.2004 15574966

상세보기
Bardiau M. Gregoire F. Muylaert A. Nahayo A. Duprez J. N. Mainil J. . ( 2010 ). Enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterohaemorragic (EHEC) and verotoxigenic (VTEC) Escherichia coli in wild cervids . J. Appl. Microbiol. 109 , 2214 ？ 2222 . 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04855.x 20880133

상세보기
Beutin L. ( 1999 ). Escherichia coli as a pathogen in dogs and cats . Vet. Res. 30 , 285 ？ 298 . 10367359

상세보기
Beutin L. Geier D. Steinruck H. Zimmermann S. Scheutz F. ( 1993 ). Prevalence and some properties of verotoxin (Shiga-like toxin)-producing Escherichia coli in seven different species of healthy domestic animals . J. Clin. Microbiol. 31 , 2483 ？ 2488 . 10.1128/JCM.31.9.2483-2488.1993 8408571

상세보기
Blanco Crivelli X. Rumi M. V. Carfagnini J. C. Degregorio O. Bentancor A. B. ( 2012 ). Synanthropic rodents as possible reservoirs of shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli strains . Front. Cell. Infect Microbiol. 2 : 134 . 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00134 23125967

상세보기
Boerlin P. McEwen S. A. Boerlin-Petzold F. Wilson J. B. Johnson R. P. Gyles C. L. ( 1999 ). Associations between virulence factors of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and disease in humans . J. Clin. Microbiol. 37 , 497 ？ 503 . 10.1128/JCM.37.3.497-503.1999 9986802

상세보기
Booher S. L. Cornick N. A. Moon H. W. ( 2002 ). Persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in experimentally infected swine . Vet. Microbiol. 89 , 69 ？ 81 . 10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00176-1 12223164

상세보기
Borges C. A. Cardozo M. V. Beraldo L. G. Oliveira E. S. Maluta R. P. Barboza K. B. . ( 2017 ). Wild birds and urban pigeons as reservoirs for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli with zoonotic potential . J. Microbiol. 55 , 344 ？ 348 . 10.1007/s12275-017-6523-3 28281197

상세보기
Brandal L. T. Sekse C. Lindstedt B. A. Sunde M. Lobersli I. Urdahl A. M. . ( 2012 ). Norwegian sheep are an important reservoir for human-pathogenic Escherichia coli O26:H11 . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78 , 4083 ？ 4091 . 10.1128/AEM.00186-12 22492457

상세보기
Brooks J. T. Sowers E. G. Wells J. G. Greene K. D. Griffin P. M. Hoekstra R. M. . ( 2005 ). Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections in the United States, 1983？2002 . J. Infect. Dis. 192 , 1422 ？ 1429 . 10.1086/466536 16170761

상세보기
Busch U. Hormansdorfer S. Schranner S. Huber I. Bogner K. H. Sing A. ( 2007 ). Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli excretion by child and her cat . Emerg. Infect. Dis . 13 , 348 ？ 349 . 10.3201/eid1302.061106 17479915

상세보기
Caprioli A. Morabito S. Brugere H. Oswald E. ( 2005 ). Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli : emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission . Vet. Res . 36 , 289 ？ 311 . 10.1051/vetres:2005002 15845227

상세보기
Cardozo M. V. Borges C. A. Beraldo L. G. Maluta R. P. Pollo A. S. Borzi M. M. . ( 2018 ). Shigatoxigenic and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in fish for human consumption . Braz. J. Microbiol. 49 , 936 ？ 941 . 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.02.013 29891415

상세보기
Centers for Disease C. ( 1982 ). Isolation of E. coli O157:H7 from sporadic cases of hemorrhagic colitis？United States . MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 31 , 580 ？ 585 . 6817062
Chalmers R. M. Salmon R. L. Willshaw G. A. Cheasty T. Looker N. Davies I. . ( 1997 ). Vero-cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in a farmer handling horses . Lancet 349 : 1816 . 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)61697-2 9269225

상세보기
Chandran A. Mazumder A. ( 2013 ). Prevalence of diarrhea-associated virulence genes and genetic diversity in Escherichia coli isolates from fecal material of various animal hosts . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 79 , 7371 ？ 7380 . 10.1128/AEM.02653-13 24056456

상세보기
Cizek A. Literak I. Scheer P. ( 2000 ). Survival of Escherichia coli O157 in faeces of experimentally infected rats and domestic pigeons . Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 31 , 349 ？ 352 . 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00820.x 11069635

상세보기
Cortes C. De La Fuente R. Blanco J. Blanco M. Blanco J. E. Dhabi G. . ( 2005 ). Serotypes, virulence genes and intimin types of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli and enteropathogenic E. coli isolated from healthy dairy goats in Spain . Vet. Microbiol. 110 , 67 ？ 76 . 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.06.009 16054307

상세보기
Crook B. Senior H. ( 2017 ). Wildlife as source of human Escherichia coli O157 infection . Emerg. Infect. Dis. 23 : 2122 10.3201/eid2312.171210

상세보기
Daszak P. Cunningham A. A. Hyatt A. D. ( 2000 ). Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife？threats to biodiversity and human health . Science 287 , 443 ？ 449 . 10.1126/science.287.5452.443 10642539

상세보기
De Oliveira M. C. V. Camargo B. Q. Cunha M. P. V. Saidenberg A. B. Teixeira R. H. F. Matajira C. E. C. . ( 2018 ). Free-ranging synanthropic birds (Ardea alba and Columba livia domestica) as carriers of Salmonella spp. and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in the vicinity of an Urban Zoo . Vector Borne Zoonotic. Dis. 18 , 65 ？ 69 . 10.1089/vbz.2017.2174 29261025

상세보기
Dipineto L. Gargiulo A. Russo T. P. De Luca Bossa L. M. Borrelli L. D'ovidio D. . ( 2010 ). Survey of Escherichia coli O157 in captive frogs . J. Wildl. Dis. 46 , 944 ？ 946 . 10.7589/0090-3558-46.3.944 20688702

상세보기
Doane C. A. Pangloli P. Richards H. A. Mount J. R. Golden D. A. Draughon F. A. ( 2007 ). Occurrence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in diverse farm environments . J. Food Prot. 70 , 6 ？ 10 . 10.4315/0362-028X-70.1.6 17265852

상세보기
Erickson M. C. Doyle M. P. ( 2007 ). Food as a vehicle for transmission of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli . J. Food Prot. 70 , 2426 ？ 2449 . 10.4315/0362-028X-70.10.2426 17969631

상세보기
Espinosa L. Gray A. Duffy G. Fanning S. Mcmahon B. J. ( 2018 ). A scoping review on the prevalence of shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli in wild animal species . Zoonoses Public Health 65 , 911 ？ 920 . 10.1111/zph.12508 30099841

상세보기
Fadel H. M. Afifi R. Al-Qabili D. M. ( 2017 ). Characterization and zoonotic impact of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli in some wild bird species . Vet. World 10 , 1118 ？ 1128 . 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1118-1128 29062203

상세보기
Fairbrother J. M. Nadeau E. ( 2006 ). Escherichia coli : on-farm contamination of animals . Rev. Sci. Tech. 25 , 555 ？ 569 . 10.20506/rst.25.2.1682 17094697

상세보기
FAO/WHO ( 2018 ). “Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and food: attribution, characterization, and monitoring,” in Microbiological Risk Assessment Series (FAO/WHO) ( Rome : FAO ).
Ferens W. A. Hovde C. J. ( 2011 ). Escherichia coli O157:H7: animal reservoir and sources of human infection . Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 8 , 465 ？ 487 . 10.1089/fpd.2010.0673 21117940

상세보기
Foster G. Evans J. Knight H. I. Smith A. W. Gunn G. J. Allison L. J. . ( 2006 ). Analysis of feces samples collected from a wild-bird garden feeding station in Scotland for the presence of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72 , 2265 ？ 2267 . 10.1128/AEM.72.3.2265-2267.2006 16517685

상세보기
Frank C. Werber D. Cramer J. P. Askar M. Faber M. An Der Heiden M. . ( 2011 ). Epidemic profile of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak in Germany . N. Engl. J. Med. 365 , 1771 ？ 1780 . 10.1056/NEJMoa1106483 21696328

상세보기
Frankel G. Phillips A. D. Rosenshine I. Dougan G. Kaper J. B. Knutton S. ( 1998 ). Enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli : more subversive elements . Mol. Microbiol. 30 , 911 ？ 921 . 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.01144.x 9988469

상세보기
Franklin A. B. Vercauteren K. C. Maguire H. Cichon M. K. Fischer J. W. Lavelle M. J. . ( 2013 ). Wild ungulates as disseminators of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in urban areas . PLoS ONE 8 : e81512 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0081512 24349083

상세보기
Fraser M. E. Chernaia M. M. Kozlov Y. V. James M. N. ( 1994 ). Crystal structure of the holotoxin from Shigella dysenteriae at 2.5 a resolution . Nat. Struct. Biol. 1 , 59 ？ 64 . 10.1038/nsb0194-59 7656009

상세보기
Fratamico P. M. Bagi L. K. Bush E. J. Solow B. T. ( 2004 ). Prevalence and characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in swine feces recovered in the national animal health monitoring system's Swine 2000 study . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70 , 7173 ？ 7178 . 10.1128/AEM.70.12.7173-7178.2004 15574914

상세보기
French E. Rodriguez-Palacios A. LeJeune J. T. ( 2010 ). Enteric bacterial pathogens with zoonotic potential isolated from farm-raised deer . Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 7 , 1031 ？ 1037 . 10.1089/fpd.2009.0486 20575673

상세보기
Fukushima H. Hashizume T. Morita Y. Tanaka J. Azuma K. Mizumoto Y. . ( 1999 ). Clinical experiences in sakai city hospital during the massive outbreak of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 infections in Sakai City, 1996 . Pediatr. Int. 41 , 213 ？ 217 . 10.1046/j.1442-200X.1999.4121041.x 10221032

상세보기
Galiero G. Conedera G. Alfano D. Caprioli A. ( 2005 ). Isolation of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 from water buffaloes ( Bubalus bubalis ) in southern Italy . Vet. Rec. 156 , 382 ？ 383 . 10.1136/vr.156.12.382 15816184

상세보기
Garcia A. Fox J. G. Besser T. E. ( 2010 ). Zoonotic enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli : a one health perspective . ILAR J. 51 , 221 ？ 232 . 10.1093/ilar.51.3.221 21131723
Gargiulo A. Russo T. P. Schettini R. Mallardo K. Calabria M. Menna L. F. . ( 2014 ). Occurrence of enteropathogenic bacteria in urban pigeons (columba livia) in Italy . Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 14 , 251 ？ 255 . 10.1089/vbz.2011.0943 24661012

상세보기
Gioia-Di Chiacchio R. M. Cunha M. P. V. De Sa L. R. M. Davies Y. M. Pereira C. B. P. Martins F. H. . ( 2018 ). Novel hybrid of typical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and shiga-toxin-producing E. coli (tEPEC/STEC) emerging from pet birds . Front. Microbiol. 9 : 2975 . 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02975 30574131

상세보기
Gould L. H. Mody R. K. Ong K. L. Clogher P. Cronquist A. B. Garman K. N. . ( 2013 ). Increased recognition of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections in the United States during 2000-2010: epidemiologic features and comparison with E. coli O157 infections . Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 10 , 453 ？ 460 . 10.1089/fpd.2012.1401 23560425

상세보기
Gourmelon M. Montet M. P. Lozach S. Le Mennec C. Pommepuy M. Beutin L. . ( 2006 ). First isolation of Shiga toxin 1d producing Escherichia coli variant strains in shellfish from coastal areas in France . J. Appl. Microbiol. 100 , 85 ？ 97 . 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02753.x 16405688

상세보기
Gyles C. L. ( 2007 ). Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli : an overview . J. Anim. Sci. 85 , E45 ？ 62 . 10.2527/jas.2006-508 17085726

상세보기
Hancock D. D. Besser T. E. Rice D. H. Ebel E. D. Herriott D. E. Carpenter L. V. ( 1998 ). Multiple sources of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlots and dairy farms in the northwestern USA . Prev. Vet. Med. 35 , 11 ？ 19 . 10.1016/S0167-5877(98)00050-6 9638776

상세보기
Havelaar A. H. Kirk M. D. Torgerson P. R. Gibb H. J. Hald T. Lake R. J. . ( 2015 ). World health organization global estimates and regional comparisons of the burden of foodborne disease in 2010 . PLoS Med. 12 : e1001923 . 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001923 26633896

상세보기
Heiman K. E. Mody R. K. Johnson S. D. Griffin P. M. Gould L. H. ( 2015 ). Escherichia coli O157 outbreaks in the United States, 2003？2012 . Emerg. Infect. Dis. 21 , 1293 ？ 1301 . 10.3201/eid2108.141364 26197993

상세보기
Himsworth C. G. Zabek E. Desruisseau A. Parmley E. J. Reid-Smith R. Jardine C. M. . ( 2015 ). Prevalence and characteristics of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. In the feces of wild urban Norway and Black Rats ( Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus ) from an inner-city neighborhood of Vancouver . Can. J. Wildl. Dis. 51 , 589 ？ 600 . 10.7589/2014-09-242 25932669

상세보기
Hofer E. Cernela N. Stephan R. ( 2012 ). Shiga toxin subtypes associated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from red deer, roe deer, chamois, and ibex . Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 9 , 792 ？ 795 . 10.1089/fpd.2012.1156 22891940

상세보기
Hogg R. A. Holmes J. P. Ghebrehewet S. Elders K. Hart J. Whiteside C. . ( 2009 ). Probable zoonotic transmission of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O 157 by dogs . Vet. Rec. 164 , 304 ？ 305 . 10.1136/vr.164.10.304 19270322

상세보기
Hussein M. A. Merwad A. M. A. Elabbasy M. T. Suelam I. I. A. Abdelwahab A. M. Taha M. A. ( 2019 ). Prevalence of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus and Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli in fish in Egypt: quality parameters and public health hazard . Vector Borne. Zoonotic. Dis. 19 , 255 ？ 264 . 10.1089/vbz.2018.2346 30222525

상세보기
Jay M. T. Cooley M. Carychao D. Wiscomb G. W. Sweitzer R. A. Crawford-Miksza L. . ( 2007 ). Escherichia coli O157:H7 in feral swine near spinach fields and cattle, central California coast . Emerg. Infect. Dis. 13 , 1908 ？ 1911 . 10.3201/eid1312.070763 18258044

상세보기
Johnson W. M. Lior H. Bezanson G. S. ( 1983 ). Cytotoxic Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with haemorrhagic colitis in Canada . Lancet 1 : 76 . 10.1016/S0140-6736(83)91616-1 6129412

상세보기
Jones B. A. Grace D. Kock R. Alonso S. Rushton J. Said M. Y. . ( 2013 ). Zoonosis emergence linked to agricultural intensification and environmental change . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110 , 8399 ？ 8404 . 10.1073/pnas.1208059110 23671097

상세보기
Jones K. E. Patel N. G. Levy M. A. Storeygard A. Balk D. Gittleman J. L. . ( 2008 ). Global trends in emerging infectious diseases . Nature 451 , 990 ？ 993 . 10.1038/nature06536 18288193

상세보기
Kaper J. B. Nataro J. P. Mobley H. L. ( 2004 ). Pathogenic Escherichia coli . Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2 , 123 ？ 140 . 10.1038/nrmicro818 15040260

상세보기
Kaper J. B. O'Brien A. D. ( 2014 ). Overview and historical perspectives . Microbiol. Spectr. 2 , 1 ？ 2 . 10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0028-2014 25590020

상세보기
Karmali M. A. Mascarenhas M. Shen S. Ziebell K. Johnson S. Reid-Smith R. ( 2003 ). Association of genomic O island 122 of Escherichia coli EDL 933 with verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli seropathotypes that are linked to epidemic and/or serious disease . J. Clin. Microbiol. 41 , 4930 ？ 4940 . 10.1128/JCM.41.11.4930-4940.2003 14605120

상세보기
Keen J. E. Wittum T. E. Dunn J. R. Bono J. L. Durso L. M. ( 2006 ). Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 in agricultural fair livestock, United States . Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12 , 780 ？ 786 . 10.3201/eid1205.050984 16704838

상세보기
Kilonzo C. Li X. Vivas E. J. Jay-Russell M. T. Fernandez K. L. Atwill E. R. ( 2013 ). Fecal shedding of zoonotic food-borne pathogens by wild rodents in a major agricultural region of the central California coast . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 79 , 6337 ？ 6344 . 10.1128/AEM.01503-13 23934490

상세보기
King L. J. Anderson L. R. Blackmore C. G. Blackwell M. J. Lautner E. A. Marcus L. C. . ( 2008 ). Executive summary of the AVMA one health initiative task force report . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 233 , 259 ？ 261 . 10.2460/javma.233.2.259 18627228

상세보기
Kintz E. Brainard J. Hooper L. Hunter P. ( 2017 ). Transmission pathways for sporadic Shiga-toxin producing E. coli infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis . Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 220 , 57 ？ 67 . 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.10.011 27842895

상세보기
Kobayashi H. Kanazaki M. Hata E. Kubo M. ( 2009 ). Prevalence and characteristics of eae- and stx-positive strains of Escherichia coli from wild birds in the immediate environment of Tokyo Bay . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75 , 292 ？ 295 . 10.1128/AEM.01534-08 18997019

상세보기
Kobayashi M. Sasaki T. Saito N. Tamura K. Suzuki K. Watanabe H. . ( 1999 ). Houseflies: not simple mechanical vectors of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 . Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 61 , 625 ？ 629 . 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.61.625 10548298

상세보기
Konowalchuk J. Speirs J. I. Stavric S. ( 1977 ). Vero response to a cytotoxin of Escherichia coli . Infect. Immun. 18 , 775 ？ 779 . 10.1128/IAI.18.3.775-779.1977 338490

상세보기
Koochakzadeh A. Askari Badouei M. Zahraei Salehi T. Aghasharif S. Soltani M. Ehsan M. R. ( 2015 ). Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in wild and pet birds in Iran . Braz. J. Poult. Sci. 17 , 445 ？ 450 . 10.1590/1516-635X1704445-450

상세보기
Kullas H. Coles M. Rhyan J. Clark L. ( 2002 ). Prevalence of Escherichia coli serogroups and human virulence factors in faeces of urban Canada geese (branta canadensis) . Int. J. Environ. Health Res. 12 , 153 ？ 162 . 10.1080/09603120220129319 12396532

상세보기
La Ragione R. M. Best A. Woodward M. J. Wales A. D. ( 2009 ). Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization in small domestic ruminants . FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 33 , 394 ？ 410 . 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00138.x 19207740

상세보기
Laidler M. R. Tourdjman M. Buser G. L. Hostetler T. Repp K. K. Leman R. . ( 2013 ). Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with consumption of locally grown strawberries contaminated by deer . Clin. Infect. Dis. 57 , 1129 ？ 1134 . 10.1093/cid/cit468 23876397

상세보기
Lee M. S. Koo S. Jeong D. G. Tesh V. L. ( 2016 ). Shiga toxins as multi-functional proteins: induction of host cellular stress responses, role in pathogenesis and therapeutic applications . Toxins (Basel) . 8 : 77 . 10.3390/toxins8030077 26999205

상세보기
Lee M. S. Tesh V. L. ( 2019 ). Roles of Shiga toxins in immunopathology . Toxins (Basel). 11 : 212 . 10.3390/toxins11040212 30970547

상세보기
LeJeune J. T. Besser T. E. Merrill N. L. Rice D. H. Hancock D. D. ( 2001 ). Livestock drinking water microbiology and the factors influencing the quality of drinking water offered to cattle . J. Dairy Sci. 84 , 1856 ？ 1862 . 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74626-7 11518311

상세보기
Lengacher B. Kline T. R. Harpster L. Williams M. L. LeJeune J. T. ( 2010 ). Low prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in horses in Ohio, USA . J. Food Prot . 73 , 2089 ？ 2092 . 10.4315/0362-028X-73.11.2089 21219723

상세보기
Lentz E. K. Leyva-Illades D. Lee M. S. Cherla R. P. Tesh V. L. ( 2011 ). Differential response of the human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 to Shiga toxin types 1 and 2 . Infect. Immun. 79 , 3527 ？ 3540 . 10.1128/IAI.05139-11 21708996

상세보기
Leotta G. A. Deza N. Origlia J. Toma C. Chinen I. Miliwebsky E. . ( 2006 ). Detection and characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in captive non-domestic mammals . Vet. Microbiol. 118 , 151 ？ 157 . 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.07.006 16919898

상세보기
Luna S. Krishnasamy V. Saw L. Smith L. Wagner J. Weigand J. . ( 2018 ). Outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections associated with exposure to animal manure in a rural community？Arizona and Utah, June？July 2017 . MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 67 , 659 ？ 662 . 10.15585/mmwr.mm6723a2 29902164

상세보기
Luna-Gierke R. E. Griffin P. M. Gould L. H. Herman K. Bopp C. A. Strockbine N. . ( 2014 ). Outbreaks of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection: USA . Epidemiol. Infect. 142 , 2270 ？ 2280 . 10.1017/S0950268813003233 24398154

상세보기
Makino S. Kobori H. Asakura H. Watarai M. Shirahata T. Ikeda T. . ( 2000 ). Detection and characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from seagulls . Epidemiol. Infect. 125 , 55 ？ 61 . 10.1017/S0950268899004100 11057959

상세보기
Martin C. C. Svanevik C. S. Lunestad B. T. Sekse C. Johannessen G. S. ( 2019 ). Isolation and characterisation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from Norwegian bivalves . Food Microbiol. 84 : 103268 . 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103268 31421781

상세보기
McFarland N. Bundle N. Jenkins C. Godbole G. Mikhail A. Dallman T. . ( 2017 ). Recurrent seasonal outbreak of an emerging serotype of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC O55:H7 Stx2a) in the south west of England, July 2014 to September 2015 . Euro. Surveill. 22 , 1 ？ 10 . 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.36.30610 28920571

상세보기
Melton-Celsa A. R. ( 2014 ). Shiga toxin (Stx) classification, structure and function . Microbiol. Spectr. 2 : EHEC-0024-2013 . 10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0024-2013 25530917

상세보기
Mercado E. C. Rodriguez S. M. Elizondo A. M. Marcoppido G. Parreno V. ( 2004 ). Isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from a South American camelid (lama guanicoe) with diarrhea . J. Clin. Microbiol. 42 , 4809 ？ 4811 . 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4809-4811.2004 15472347

상세보기
Milton A. P. Agarwal R. K. Priya G. B. Aravind M. Athira C. K. . ( 2019 ). Captive wildlife from India as carriers of Shiga toxin-producing, enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli . J. Vet. Med. Sci. 81 , 321 ？ 327 . 10.1292/jvms.18-0488 30393267

상세보기
Mohammed Hamzah A. Mohammed Hussein A. Mahmoud Khalef J. ( 2013 ). Isolation of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 strain from fecal samples of zoo animal . Sci. World J. 2013 : 843968 . 10.1155/2013/843968 24489514

상세보기
Mora A. Lopez C. Dhabi G. Lopez-Beceiro A. M. Fidalgo L. E. Diaz E. A. . ( 2012 ). Seropathotypes, phylogroups, stx subtypes, and intimin types of wildlife-carried, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains with the same characteristics as human-pathogenic isolates . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78 , 2578 ？ 2585 . 10.1128/AEM.07520-11 22307301

상세보기
Murakami K. Etoh Y. Ichihara S. Maeda E. Takenaka S. Horikawa K. . ( 2014 ). Isolation and characteristics of Shiga toxin 2f-producing Escherichia coli among pigeons in Kyushu, Japan . PLoS ONE 9 : e86076 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0086076 24465879

상세보기
Nataro J. P. Kaper J. B. ( 1998 ). Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli . Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 11 , 142 ？ 201 . 10.1128/CMR.11.1.142 9457432

상세보기
Naylor S. W. Low J. C. Besser T. E. Mahajan A. Gunn G. J. Pearce M. C. . ( 2003 ). Lymphoid follicle-dense mucosa at the terminal rectum is the principal site of colonization of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the bovine host . Infect. Immun. 71 , 1505 ？ 1512 . 10.1128/IAI.71.3.1505-1512.2003 12595469

상세보기
Nguyen Y. Sperandio V. ( 2012 ). Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) pathogenesis . Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2 : 90 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00090 22919681

상세보기
Nielsen E. M. Skov M. N. Madsen J. J. Lodal J. Jespersen J. B. Baggesen D. L. ( 2004 ). Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in wild birds and rodents in close proximity to farms . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70 , 6944 ？ 6947 . 10.1128/AEM.70.11.6944-6947.2004 15528570

상세보기
Nyholm O. Heinikainen S. Pelkonen S. Hallanvuo S. Haukka K. Siitonen A. ( 2015 ). Hybrids of shigatoxigenic and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC/ETEC) among human and animal isolates in Finland . Zoonoses Public Health 62 , 518 ？ 524 . 10.1111/zph.12177 25571907

상세보기
O'Brien A. O. Lively T. A. Chen M. E. Rothman S. W. Formal S. B. ( 1983 ). Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains associated with haemorrhagic colitis in the United States produce a Shigella dysenteriae 1 (SHIGA) like cytotoxin . Lancet 1 : 702 . 10.1016/S0140-6736(83)91987-6 6132054

상세보기
Pedersen K. Clark L. ( 2007 ). A review of Shiga toxin Escherichia coli and salmonella enterica in cattle and free-ranging birds: potential association and epidemiological links . Hum. Wildl. Confl. 1 , 68 ？ 77 .
Persad A. K. LeJeune J. T. ( 2014 ). Animal reservoirs of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli . Microbiol. Spectr. 2 : EHEC-0027-2014 . 10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0027-2014 26104194

상세보기
Pradhan S. Pellino C. Macmaster K. Coyle D. Weiss A. A. ( 2016 ). Shiga toxin mediated neurologic changes in murine model of disease . Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 6 : 114 . 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00114 27747196

상세보기
Prakasan S. Prabhakar P. Lekshmi M. Kumar S. Nayak B. B. ( 2018 ). Isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli harboring variant Shiga toxin genes from seafood . Vet. World 11 , 379 ？ 385 . 10.14202/vetworld.2018.379-385 29657433

상세보기
Pritchard G. C. Smith R. Ellis-Iversen J. Cheasty T. Willshaw G. A. ( 2009 ). Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 in animals on public amenity premises in England and Wales, 1997 to 2007 . Vet. Rec. 164 , 545 ？ 549 . 10.1136/vr.164.18.545 19411683

상세보기
Pritchard G. C. Williamson S. Carson T. Bailey J. R. Warner L. Willshaw G. . ( 2001 ). Wild rabbits-a novel vector for verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 . Vet. Rec . 149 : 567 . 11720214

상세보기
Pruimboom-Brees I. M. Morgan T. W. Ackermann M. R. Nystrom E. D. Samuel J. E. Cornick N. A. . ( 2000 ). Cattle lack vascular receptors for Escherichia coli O157:H7 Shiga toxins . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 , 10325 ？ 10329 . 10.1073/pnas.190329997 10973498

상세보기
Rangel J. M. Sparling P. H. Crowe C. Griffin P. M. Swerdlow D. L. ( 2005 ). Epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreaks, United States, 1982？2002 . Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11 , 603 ？ 609 . 10.3201/eid1104.040739 15829201

상세보기
Reinstein S. Fox J. T. Shi X. Alam M. J. Nagaraja T. G. ( 2007 ). Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the American bison ( Bison bison ) . J. Food Prot. 70 , 2555 ？ 2560 . 10.4315/0362-028X-70.11.2555 18044434

상세보기
Roopnarine R. R. Ammons D. Rampersad J. Adesiyun A. A. ( 2007 ). Occurrence and characterization of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) strains from dairy farms in Trinidad . Zoonoses Public Health 54 , 78 ？ 85 . 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2007.01024.x 17348911

상세보기
Rothenburger J. L. Himsworth C. H. Nemeth N. M. Pearl D. L. Jardine C. M. ( 2017 ). Environmental factors and zoonotic pathogen ecology in urban exploiter species . Ecohealth 14 , 630 ？ 641 . 10.1007/s10393-017-1258-5 28631116

상세보기
Rumi M. V. Irino K. Deza N. Huguet M. J. Bentancor A. B. ( 2012 ). First isolation in argentina of a highly virulent Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O145:NM from a domestic cat . J. Infect. Dev. Ctries. 6 , 358 ？ 363 . 10.3855/jidc.2225 22505447

상세보기
Sandvig K. ( 2001 ). Shiga toxins . Toxicon 39 , 1629 ？ 1635 . 10.1016/S0041-0101(01)00150-7 11595626

상세보기
Sargeant J. M. Hafer D. J. Gillespie J. R. Oberst R. D. Flood S. J. ( 1999 ). Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in white-tailed deer sharing rangeland with cattle . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 215 , 792 ？ 794 . 10496130
Scallan E. Hoekstra R. M. Angulo F. J. Tauxe R. V. Widdowson M. A. Roy S. L. . ( 2011 ). Foodborne illness acquired in the United States-major pathogens . Emerg. Infect. Dis. 17 , 7 ？ 15 . 10.3201/eid1701.P11101 21192848

상세보기
Scheutz F. Teel L. D. Beutin L. Pierard D. Buvens G. Karch H. . ( 2012 ). Multicenter evaluation of a sequence-based protocol for subtyping Shiga toxins and standardizing Stx nomenclature . J. Clin. Microbiol. 50 , 2951 ？ 2963 . 10.1128/JCM.00860-12 22760050

상세보기
Schoeni J. L. Doyle M. P. ( 1994 ). Variable colonization of chickens perorally inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and subsequent contamination of eggs . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60 , 2958 ？ 2962 . 10.1128/AEM.60.8.2958-2962.1994 8085831

상세보기
Sekhar M. S. Sharif N. M. Rao T. S. ( 2017 ). Serotypes of sorbitol-positive shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (SP-STEC) isolated from freshwater fish . Int. J. Fish. Aquatic Sci. 5 , 503 ？ 505 .
Shere J. A. Bartlett K. J. Kaspar C. W. ( 1998 ). Longitudinal study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 dissemination on four dairy farms in wisconsin . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64 , 1390 ？ 1399 . 10.1128/AEM.64.4.1390-1399.1998 9546176

상세보기
Siddhnath K. Majumdar R. K. Parhi J. Sharma S. Mehta N. K. Laishram M. ( 2018 ). Detection and characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from carps from integrated aquaculture system . Aquaculture 487 , 97 ？ 101 . 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.01.008

상세보기
Soderqvist K. Rosberg A. K. Boqvist S. Alsanius B. Mogren L. Vagsholm I. ( 2019 ). Season and species: two possible hurdles for reducing the food safety risk of Escherichia coli O157 contamination of leafy vegetables . J. Food Prot. 82 , 247 ？ 255 . 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-18-292 30681384

상세보기
Steil D. Bonse R. Meisen I. Pohlentz G. Vallejo G. Karch H. . ( 2016 ). A Topographical atlas of Shiga toxin 2e receptor distribution in the tissues of weaned piglets . Toxins (Basel) . 8 : 357 . 10.3390/toxins8120357 27916888

상세보기
Surendraraj A. Thampuran N. Joseph T. C. ( 2010 ). Molecular screening, isolation, and characterization of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 from retail shrimp . J. Food Prot. 73 , 97 ？ 103 . 10.4315/0362-028X-73.1.97 20051211

상세보기
Szalanski A. L. Owens C. B. Mckay T. Steelman C. D. ( 2004 ). Detection of campylobacter and Escherichia coli O157:H7 from filth flies by polymerase chain reaction . Med. Vet. Entomol. 18 , 241 ？ 246 . 10.1111/j.0269-283X.2004.00502.x 15347391

상세보기
Tarr P. I. Gordon C. A. Chandler W. L. ( 2005 ). Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli and haemolytic uraemic syndrome . Lancet 365 , 1073 ？ 1086 . 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71144-2 15781103

상세보기
Terajima J. Iyoda S. Ohnishi M. Watanabe H. ( 2014 ). Shiga toxin (verotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli in Japan . Microbiol. Spectr. 2 , 1 ？ 9 . 10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0011-2013 26104366

상세보기
Thampuran N. Surendraraj A. Surendran P. K. ( 2005 ). Prevalence and characterization of typical and atypical Escherichia coli from fish sold at retail in Cochin, India . J. Food Prot. 68 , 2208 ？ 2211 . 10.4315/0362-028X-68.10.2208 16245731

상세보기
Vasan A. Leong W. M. Ingham S. C. Ingham B. H. ( 2013 ). Thermal tolerance characteristics of non-O157 shiga toxigenic strains of Escherichia coli (STEC) in a beef broth model system are similar to those of O157:H7 STEC . J. Food Prot. 76 , 1120 ？ 1128 . 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-500 23834785

상세보기
Wacheck S. Fredriksson-Ahomaa M. Konig M. Stolle A. Stephan R. ( 2010 ). Wild boars as an important reservoir for foodborne pathogens . Foodborne. Pathog. Dis. 7 , 307 ？ 312 . 10.1089/fpd.2009.0367 19899962

상세보기
Waddell T. E. Coomber B. L. Gyles C. L. ( 1998 ). Localization of potential binding sites for the edema disease verotoxin (VT2e) in pigs . Can. J. Vet. Res. 62 , 81 ？ 86 . 9553705

상세보기
Wadolkowski E. A. Burris J. A. O'Brien A. D. ( 1990 ). Mouse model for colonization and disease caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 . Infect. Immun. 58 , 2438 ？ 2445 . 10.1128/IAI.58.8.2438-2445.1990 2196227

상세보기
Woods J. B. Schmitt C. K. Darnell S. C. Meysick K. C. O'Brien A. D. ( 2002 ). Ferrets as a model system for renal disease secondary to intestinal infection with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Shiga toxin-producing E. coli . J. Infect. Dis. 185 , 550 ？ 554 . 10.1086/338633 11865409

상세보기
World Health Organization ( 2016 ). E. coli Fact Sheet . Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs125/en/
Xu J. Liu Q. Jing H. Pang B. Yang J. Zhao G. . ( 2003 ). Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from dung beetles catharsius molossus . Microbiol. Immunol. 47 , 45 ？ 49 . 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2003.tb02784.x 12636252

상세보기
Zinsstag J. Schelling E. Waltner-Toews D. Tanner M. ( 2011 ). From “one medicine” to “one health” and systemic approaches to health and well-being . Prev. Vet. Med. 101 , 148 ？ 156 . 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.07.003 20832879

상세보기

LOADING...

활용도 분석정보

상세보기

다운로드

내보내기

활용도 Top5 논문

해당 논문의 주제분야에서 활용도가 높은 상위 5개 콘텐츠를 보여줍니다.
더보기 버튼을 클릭하시면 더 많은 관련자료를 살펴볼 수 있습니다.

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증