$\require{mediawiki-texvc}$

연합인증

연합인증 가입 기관의 연구자들은 소속기관의 인증정보(ID와 암호)를 이용해 다른 대학, 연구기관, 서비스 공급자의 다양한 온라인 자원과 연구 데이터를 이용할 수 있습니다.

이는 여행자가 자국에서 발행 받은 여권으로 세계 각국을 자유롭게 여행할 수 있는 것과 같습니다.

연합인증으로 이용이 가능한 서비스는 NTIS, DataON, Edison, Kafe, Webinar 등이 있습니다.

한번의 인증절차만으로 연합인증 가입 서비스에 추가 로그인 없이 이용이 가능합니다.

다만, 연합인증을 위해서는 최초 1회만 인증 절차가 필요합니다. (회원이 아닐 경우 회원 가입이 필요합니다.)

연합인증 절차는 다음과 같습니다.

최초이용시에는
ScienceON에 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 로그인 (본인 확인 또는 회원가입) → 서비스 이용

그 이후에는
ScienceON 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 서비스 이용

연합인증을 활용하시면 KISTI가 제공하는 다양한 서비스를 편리하게 이용하실 수 있습니다.

THE ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN CARCINOGENESIS

Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, v.44, 2004년, pp.239 - 267  

Klaunig, James E. (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana 46202) ,  Kamendulis, Lisa M. (email: jklauni@iupui.edu , lkamendu@iupui.edu)

Abstract

Chemical carcinogenesis follows a multistep process involving both mutation and increased cell proliferation. Oxidative stress can occur through overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species through either endogenous or exogenous insults. Important to carcinogenesis, the unregulated or prolonged production of cellular oxidants has been linked to mutation (induced by oxidant-induced DNA damage), as well as modification of gene expression. In particular, signal transduction pathways, including AP-1 and NFkappaB, are known to be activated by reactive oxygen species, and they lead to the transcription of genes involved in cell growth regulatory pathways. This review examines the evidence of cellular oxidants' involvement in the carcinogenesis process, and focuses on the mechanisms for production, cellular damage produced, and the role of signaling cascades by reactive oxygen species.

참고문헌 (187)

  1. Williams, GM, Weisburger, JH. Carcinogen risk assessment. Science, vol.221, no.4605, 6-6.

  2. Pitot, Henry C., Goldsworthy, Thomas, Moran, Susan. The natural history of carcinogenesis: Implications of experimental carcinogenesis in the genesis of human cancer. Journal of supramolecular structure and cellular biochemistry, vol.17, no.2, 133-146.

  3. Kolaja, K L, Stevenson, D E, Walborg, E F, Klaunig, J E. Selective dieldrin promotion of hepatic focal lesions in mice.. Carcinogenesis, vol.17, no.6, 1243-1250.

  4. Schulte-Hermann, R., Grasl-Kraupp, B., Bursch, W.. Tumor Development and Apoptosis. International archives of allergy and immunology, vol.105, no.4, 363-367.

  5. Butterworth, B.E.. Consideration of both genotoxic and nongenotoxic mechanisms in predicting carcinogenic potential. Mutation research. Reviews in genetic toxicology, vol.239, no.2, 117-132.

  6. Ames, BN, Gold, LS. Too many rodent carcinogens: mitogenesis increases mutagenesis. Science, vol.249, no.4972, 970-971.

  7. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072628 

  8. Trush, M.A., Kensler, T.W.. An overview of the relationship between oxidative stress and chemical carcinogenesis. Free radical biology & medicine, vol.10, no.3, 201-209.

  9. Vuillaume, M.. Reduced oxygen species, mutation, induction and cancer initiation. Mutation research. Reviews in genetic toxicology, vol.186, no.1, 43-72.

  10. 10.3181/00379727-198-43306 

  11. 10.1016/B978-0-12-642760-8.50005-3 

  12. Barber, Dustan A., Harris, Steven R.. Oxygen Free Radicals and Antioxidants: A Review. American pharmacy, vol.34, no.9, 26-35.

  13. Betteridge, D. John. What is oxidative stress?. Metabolism : clinical and experimental, vol.49, no.2, 3-8.

  14. Rose, Michelle L., Rivera, Chantal A., Bradford, Blair U., Graves, Lee M., Cattley, Russell C., Schoonhoven, Robert, Swenberg, James A., Thurman, Ronald G.. Kupffer cell oxidant production is central to the mechanism of peroxisome proliferators. Carcinogenesis, vol.20, no.1, 27-33.

  15. Rusyn, Ivan, Bradham, Cynthia A., Cohn, Leslie, Schoonhoven, Robert, Swenberg, James A., Brenner, David A., Thurman, Ronald G.. Corn oil rapidly activates nuclear factor-κB in hepatic Kupffer cells by oxidant-dependent mechanisms. Carcinogenesis, vol.20, no.11, 2095-2100.

  16. Toxicologist Klein PJ 306 66 2002 

  17. Toxicologist Klein PJ 212 72 2003 

  18. 10.2307/3432116 

  19. Int. J. Occ. Med. Environ. Health Parke DV 331 9 1996 

  20. Ekstrom, G., Ingelman-Sundberg, M.. Rat liver microsomal NADPH-supported oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation dependent on ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450IIE1). Biochemical pharmacology, vol.38, no.8, 1313-1319.

  21. Rice, J M, Diwan, B A, Hu, H, Ward, J M, Nims, R W, Lubet, R A. Enhancement of hepatocarcinogenesis and induction of specific cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activities by the barbiturates allobarbital, aprobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital and 5-phenyl- and 5-ethylbarbituric acids.. Carcinogenesis, vol.15, no.2, 395-402.

  22. Free Radical Toxicology Klaunig JE 375 1997 

  23. 10.2307/3431190 

  24. WADA, N. Dose-related effects of the hepatocarcinogen, Wy-14,643, on peroxisomes and cell replication*1. Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, vol.18, no.1, 149-154.

  25. Rice-Evans, C., Burdon, R.. Free radical-lipid interactions and their pathological consequences. Progress in lipid research, vol.32, no.1, 71-110.

  26. Siesky, Angela M., Kamendulis, Lisa M., Klaunig, James E.. Hepatic Effects of 2-Butoxyethanol in Rodents. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, vol.70, no.2, 252-260.

  27. Abuja, Peter M, Albertini, Riccardo. Methods for monitoring oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and oxidation resistance of lipoproteins. Clinica chimica acta, vol.306, no.1, 1-17.

  28. Clarkson, Priscilla M, Thompson, Heather S. Antioxidants: what role do they play in physical activity and health?. The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol.72, no.2, 637S-646S.

  29. Ziegler, D M. Role of Reversible Oxidation-Reduction of Enzyme Thiols-Disulfides in Metabolic Regulation. Annual review of biochemistry, vol.54, 305-329.

  30. Nakamura, Hajime, Nakamura, Kazuhiro, Yodoi, Junji. REDOX REGULATION OF CELLULAR ACTIVATION. Annual review of immunology, vol.15, 351-369.

  31. Schafer, F.Q., Buettner, G.R.. Redox environment of the cell as viewed through the redox state of the glutathione disulfide/glutathione couple. Free radical biology & medicine, vol.30, no.11, 1191-1212.

  32. Meister, A, Anderson, M E. Glutathione. Annual review of biochemistry, vol.52, 711-760.

  33. Cotgreave, I A, Moldeus, P, Orrenius, S. Host Biochemical Defense Mechanisms Against Prooxidants. Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, vol.28, 189-212.

  34. Finkel, Toren. Redox-dependent signal transduction. FEBS letters, vol.476, no.1, 52-54.

  35. Klatt, Peter, Lamas, Santiago. Regulation of protein function by S‐glutathiolation in response to oxidative and nitrosative stress. European journal of biochemistry, vol.267, no.16, 4928-4944.

  36. Ciba Found. Symp. Flohe L 95 65 1978 

  37. Cotgreave, I.A., Gerdes, R.G.. Recent Trends in Glutathione Biochemistry-Glutathione-Protein Interactions: A Molecular Link between Oxidative Stress and Cell Proliferation?. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, vol.242, no.1, 1-9.

  38. Herrlich, Peter, Böhmer, Frank D. Redox regulation of signal transduction in mammalian cells. Biochemical pharmacology, vol.59, no.1, 35-41.

  39. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(200002)182:2<163::AID-JCP4>3.0.CO;2-1 

  40. Holmgren, A. Thioredoxin. Annual review of biochemistry, vol.54, 237-271.

  41. Reichard, P. From RNA to DNA, why so many ribonucleotide reductases?. Science, vol.260, no.5115, 1773-1777.

  42. J. Biol. Chem. Lundstrom J 9114 265 1990 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)38819-2 

  43. 10.1016/S0076-6879(99)00128-7 

  44. Nordberg, Jonas, Arnér, Elias S.J.. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the mammalian thioredoxin system. Free radical biology & medicine, vol.31, no.11, 1287-1312.

  45. Wakasugi, N, Tagaya, Y, Wakasugi, H, Mitsui, A, Maeda, M, Yodoi, J, Tursz, T. Adult T-cell leukemia-derived factor/thioredoxin, produced by both human T-lymphotropic virus type I- and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes, acts as an autocrine growth factor and synergizes with interleukin 1 and interleukin 2.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.87, no.21, 8282-8286.

  46. Hirota, Kiichi, Matsui, Minoru, Murata, Miyahiko, Takashima, Yuichiro, Cheng, Fen Shi, Itoh, Tatsuya, Fukuda, Kazuhiko, Junji, Yodoi. Nucleoredoxin, Glutaredoxin, and Thioredoxin Differentially Regulate NF-κB, AP-1, and CREB Activation in HEK293 Cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, vol.274, no.1, 177-182.

  47. 10.1002/9780470123126.ch4 

  48. Song, Jae J., Rhee, Juong G., Suntharalingam, Mohan, Walsh, Susan A., Spitz, Douglas R., Lee, Yong J.. Role of Glutaredoxin in Metabolic Oxidative Stress. The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.277, no.48, 46566-46575.

  49. Ghibelli, L., Coppola, S., Rotilio, G., Lafavia, E., Maresca, V., Ciriolo, M.R.. Non-oxidative Loss of Glutathione in Apoptosis via GSH Extrusion. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, vol.216, no.1, 313-320.

  50. Ghibelli, L., Coppola, S., Fanelli, C., Rotilio, G., Civitareale, P., Scovassi, A. I., Ciriolo, M. R.. Glutathione depletion causes cytochrome c release even in the absence of cell commitment to apoptosis. The FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, vol.13, no.14, 2031-2036.

  51. Babior, B.M., Lambeth, J.D., Nauseef, W.. The Neutrophil NADPH Oxidase. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, vol.397, no.2, 342-344.

  52. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970410)71:2<246::AID-IJC20>3.0.CO;2-E 

  53. 10.1002/1097-0215(20000801)87:3<343::AID-IJC6>3.0.CO;2-8 

  54. DEL BELLO, BARBARA, PAOLICCHI, ALDO, COMPORTI, MARIO, POMPELLA, ALFONSO, MAELLARO, EMILIA. Hydrogen peroxide produced during γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase activity is involved in prevention of apoptosis and maintainance of proliferation in U937 cells. The FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, vol.13, no.1, 69-79.

  55. Fraga, C G, Shigenaga, M K, Park, J W, Degan, P, Ames, B N. Oxidative damage to DNA during aging: 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in rat organ DNA and urine.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.87, no.12, 4533-4537.

  56. Sonntag, Clemens Von. New Aspects in the Free-Radical Chemistry of Pyrimidine Nucleobases. Free radical research communications, vol.2, no.4, 217-224.

  57. Dizdaroglu, M.. Oxidative damage to DNA in mammalian chromatin. Mutation research. genetic instability and aging. DNAging, vol.275, no.3, 331-342.

  58. Demple, B, Harrison, L. Repair of Oxidative Damage to DNA: Enzymology and Biology. Annual review of biochemistry, vol.63, 915-948.

  59. Marnett, Lawrence J.. Oxyradicals and DNA damage. Carcinogenesis, vol.21, no.3, 361-370.

  60. Beckman, J S, Beckman, T W, Chen, J, Marshall, P A, Freeman, B A. Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.87, no.4, 1620-1624.

  61. Koppenol, W. H., Moreno, J. J., Pryor, William A., Ischiropoulos, H., Beckman, J. S.. Peroxynitrite, a cloaked oxidant formed by nitric oxide and superoxide. Chemical research in toxicology, vol.5, no.6, 834-842.

  62. Radi, R.. Peroxynitrite Reactions and Diffusion in Biology. Chemical research in toxicology, vol.11, no.7, 720-721.

  63. Shibutani, Shinya, Takeshita, Masaru, Grollman, Arthur P.. Insertion of specific bases during DNA synthesis past the oxidation-damaged base 8-oxodG. Nature, vol.349, no.6308, 431-434.

  64. Moriya, M. Single-stranded shuttle phagemid for mutagenesis studies in mammalian cells: 8-oxoguanine in DNA induces targeted G.C-->T.A transversions in simian kidney cells.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.90, no.3, 1122-1126.

  65. Cancer Res. Hussain SP 4023 58 1998 

  66. J. Biol. Chem. Cheng KC 166 267 1992 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)48474-8 

  67. Zhang, H, Xu, Y, Kamendulis, L M, Klaunig, J E. Morphological transformation by 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells.. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, vol.56, no.2, 303-312.

  68. Wang, David, Kreutzer, Deborah A., Essigmann, John M.. Mutagenicity and repair of oxidative DNA damage: insights from studies using defined lesions. Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis, vol.400, no.1, 99-115.

  69. Kreutzer, Deborah A., Essigmann, John M.. Oxidized, deaminated cytosines are a source of C → T transitions in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.95, no.7, 3578-3582.

  70. Ohshima, H., Bartsch, H.. Chronic infections and inflammatory processes as cancer risk factors: possible role of nitric oxide in carcinogenesis. Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis, vol.305, no.2, 253-264.

  71. Yermilov, Vladimir, Yoshie, Yumiko, Rubio, Julieta, Ohshima, Hiroshi. Effects of carbon dioxide/bicarbonate on induction of DNA single-strand breaks and formation of 8-nitroguanine, 8-oxoguanine and base-propenal mediated by peroxynitrite. FEBS letters, vol.399, no.1, 67-70.

  72. Loeb, L A, Preston, B D. Mutagenesis by Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Sites. Annual review of genetics, vol.20, 201-230.

  73. Masuda, Mitsuharu, Nishino, Hoyoku, Ohshima, Hiroshi. Formation of 8-nitroguanosine in cellular RNA as a biomarker of exposure to reactive nitrogen species. Chemico-biological interactions, vol.139, no.2, 187-197.

  74. Schumacher, H.R., Szekely, I.E., Patel, S.B., Fisher, D.R.. MITOCHONDRIA : A CLUE TO ONCOGENESIS ?. The Lancet, vol.302, no.7824, 327-.

  75. Cavalli, Luciane R, Liang, Bertrand C. Mutagenesis, tumorigenicity, and apoptosis: are the mitochondria involved?. Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis, vol.398, no.1, 19-26.

  76. Cancer Res. Nakashima RA 5702 44 1984 

  77. Tamura, G., Nishizuka, S., Maesawa, C., Suzuki, Y., Iwaya, T., Sakata, K., Endoh, Y., Motoyama, T.. Mutations in mitochondrial control region DNA in gastric tumours of Japanese Patients. European journal of cancer, vol.35, no.2, 316-319.

  78. 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(199602)15:2<95::AID-GCC3>3.0.CO;2-Z 

  79. Yakes, F. Michael, Van Houten, Bennett. Mitochondrial DNA damage is more extensive and persists longer than nuclear DNA damage in human cells following oxidative stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.94, no.2, 514-519.

  80. Zastawny, Tomasz H, Dabrowska, Magdalena, Jaskolski, Tomasz, Klimarczyk, Maciej, Kulinski, Lubomir, Koszela, Agnieszka, Szczesniewicz, Maciej, Sliwinska, Magdalena, Witkowski, Piotr, Olinski, Ryszard. Comparison of Oxidative Base Damage in Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA. Free radical biology & medicine, vol.24, no.5, 722-725.

  81. Wang, Endi, Wong, Alice, Cortopassi, Gino. The rate of mitochondrial mutagenesis is faster in mice than humans. Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis, vol.377, no.2, 157-166.

  82. Sawyer, Dennis E, Van Houten, Bennett. Repair of DNA damage in mitochondria. Mutation research. DNA repair, vol.434, no.3, 161-176.

  83. Bohr, Vilhelm A, Dianov, Grigory L. Oxidative DNA damage processing in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Biochimie, vol.81, no.1, 155-160.

  84. Van den Bogert, C., Muus, P., Haanen, C., Pennings, A., Melis, T.E., Kroon, A.M.. Mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial activity during the progression of the cell cycle of human leukemic cells. Experimental cell research, vol.178, no.1, 143-153.

  85. Shay, J.W., Werbin, H.. New evidence for the insertion of mitochondrial DNA into the human genome: significance for cancer and aging. Mutation research. genetic instability and aging. DNAging, vol.275, no.3, 227-235.

  86. Davies, Kelvin J. A.. The Broad Spectrum of Responses to Oxidants in Proliferating Cells: A New Paradigm for Oxidative Stress. IUBMB life, vol.48, no.1, 41-47.

  87. Tchou, J., Grollman, A.P.. Repair of DNA containing the oxidatively-damaged base, 8-oxoguanine. Mutation research. Genetic toxicology testing and biomonitoring of environmental or occupational exposure, vol.299, no.3, 277-287.

  88. Wani, Gulzar, Milo, George E, D'Ambrosio, Steven M. Enhanced expression of the 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine triphosphatase gene in human breast tumor cells. Cancer letters, vol.125, no.1, 123-130.

  89. Fortini, Paola, Parlanti, Eleonora, Sidorkina, Olga M., Laval, Jacques, Dogliotti, Eugenia. The Type of DNA Glycosylase Determines the Base Excision Repair Pathway in Mammalian Cells. The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.274, no.21, 15230-15236.

  90. 10.1016/S0079-6603(01)68107-8 

  91. de Souza-Pinto, Nadja C, Hogue, Barbara A, Bohr, Vilhelm A. DNA repair and aging in mouse liver: 8-oxodG glycosylase activity increase in mitochondrial but not in nuclear extracts. Free radical biology & medicine, vol.30, no.8, 916-923.

  92. Janero, D.R.. Malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactivity as diagnostic indices of lipid peroxidation and peroxidative tissue injury. Free radical biology & medicine, vol.9, no.6, 515-540.

  93. Golding, Bernard T., Patel, Naina, Watson, William P.. Dimer and trimer of malonaldehyde. Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin transactions I, vol.1989, no.3, 668-669.

  94. Riggins, James N, Marnett, Lawrence J. Mutagenicity of the malondialdehyde oligomerization products 2-(3′-oxo-1′-propenyl)-malondialdehyde and 2,4-dihydroxymethylene-3-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)glutaraldehyde in Salmonella. Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis, vol.497, no.1, 153-157.

  95. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of malondialdehyde sodium salt (3-hydroxy-2-propenal, sodium salt) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. NTP Tech. Rep. 331, 5-13 Spalding JW 1988 

  96. Stone, Koni, Ksebati, Mohamad B., Marnett, Lawrence J.. Investigation of the adducts formed by reaction of malondialdehyde with adenosine. Chemical research in toxicology, vol.3, no.1, 33-38.

  97. Ji, C, Rouzer, C A, Marnett, L J, Pietenpol, J A. Induction of cell cycle arrest by the endogenous product of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde.. Carcinogenesis, vol.19, no.7, 1275-1283.

  98. Burdon, Roy H.. Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in relation to mammalian cell proliferation. Free radical biology & medicine, vol.18, no.4, 775-794.

  99. Slater, Andrew F.G., Stefan, C., Nobel, I., Van Den Dobbelsteen, Diels J., Orrenius, sten. Signalling mechanisms and oxidative stress in apoptosis. Toxicology letters, vol.82, 149-153.

  100. Cerutti, PA. Prooxidant states and tumor promotion. Science, vol.227, no.4685, 375-381.

  101. D'Souza, R. J., Phillips, H. M., Jones, P. W., Strange, R. C., Aber, G. M.. Interactions of Hydrogen Peroxide with Interleukin-6 and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor in Determining Mesangial Cell Growth: Effect of Repeated Oxidant Stress. Clinical science, vol.85, no.6, 747-751.

  102. East Afr. Med. J. Alliangana DM 752 73 1996 

  103. J. Biol. Chem. Dypbukt JM 30553 269 1994 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)43849-5 

  104. Aoshima, Hitoshi, Satoh, Takumi, Sakai, Naoto, Yamada, Masashi, Enokido, Yasushi, Ikeuchi, Toshihiko, Hatanaka, Hiroshi. Generation of free radicals during lipid hydroperoxide-triggered apoptosis in PC12h cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta, Lipids and lipid metabolism, vol.1345, no.1, 35-42.

  105. Sandstrom, Paul A, Mannie, Mark D, Buttke, Thomas M. Inhibition of activation-induced death in T cell hybridomas by thiol antioxidants: oxidative stress as a mediator of apoptosis. Journal of leukocyte biology, vol.55, no.2, 221-226.

  106. Fiorani, Mara, Cantoni, Orazio, Tasinato, Andrea, Boscoboinik, Daniel, Azzi, Angelo. Hydrogen peroxide-and fetal bovine serum-induced DNA synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells: positive and negative regulation by protein kinase C isoforms. Biochimica et biophysica acta, Molecular cell research, vol.1269, no.1, 98-104.

  107. Kerr, L.D., Inoue, J.-i., Verma, I.M.. Signal transduction: the nuclear target. Current opinion in cell biology, vol.4, no.3, 496-501.

  108. Free Radical Toxicology Timblin CR 325 1997 

  109. Berridge, M.J.. The biology and medicine of calcium signalling. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, vol.98, no.2, 119-124.

  110. Cancer Res. Larsson R 5627 49 1989 

  111. Kass, G E, Duddy, S K, Orrenius, S. Activation of hepatocyte protein kinase C by redox-cycling quinones. The Biochemical journal, vol.260, no.2, 499-507.

  112. Gopalakrishna, R, Anderson, W B. Ca2+- and phospholipid-independent activation of protein kinase C by selective oxidative modification of the regulatory domain.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.86, no.17, 6758-6762.

  113. Konishi, Hiroaki, Matsuzaki, Hidenori, Tanaka, Motonari, Takemura, Yukitoshi, Kuroda, Shun'ichi, Ono, Yoshitaka, Kikkawa, Ushio. Activation of protein kinase B (Akt/RAC-protein kinase) by cellular stress and its association with heat shock protein Hsp27. FEBS letters, vol.410, no.2, 493-498.

  114. Heldin, Carl-Henrik. Dimerization of cell surface receptors in signal transduction. Cell, vol.80, no.2, 213-223.

  115. Müller, Judith M., Cahill, Michael A., Rupec, Rudolf A., Baeuerle, Patrick A., Nordheim, Alfred. Antioxidants As Well As Oxidants Activate C-fos Via Ras-Dependent Activation of Extracellular-Signal-Regulated Kinase 2 and Elk-1. European journal of biochemistry, vol.244, no.1, 45-52.

  116. Deleted in proof 

  117. Chinenov, Yurii, Kerppola, Tom K. Close encounters of many kinds: Fos-Jun interactions that mediate transcription regulatory specificity. Oncogene, vol.20, no.19, 2438-2452.

  118. Kouzarides, T., Ziff, E.. The role of the leucine zipper in the fos-jun interaction. Nature, vol.336, no.6200, 646-651.

  119. Klatt, Peter, Molina, Estela Pineda, Lacoba, Mario Garcia, Padilla, C. Alicia, Martínez‐Galisteo, Emilia, Barcena, J., Lamas, Santiago. Redox regulation of c‐Jun DNA binding by reversible S‐glutathiolation. The FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, vol.13, no.12, 1481-1490.

  120. Chang, Lufen, Karin, Michael. Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades. Nature, vol.410, no.6824, 37-40.

  121. Martindale, Jennifer L., Holbrook, Nikki J.. Cellular response to oxidative stress: Signaling for suicide and survival. Journal of cellular physiology, vol.192, no.1, 1-15.

  122. Xia, Zhengui, Dickens, Martin, Raingeaud, Joël, Davis, Roger J., Greenberg, Michael E.. Opposing Effects of ERK and JNK-p38 MAP Kinases on Apoptosis. Science, vol.270, no.5240, 1326-1331.

  123. Karin, Michael. The Regulation of AP-1 Activity by Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases. The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.270, no.28, 16483-16486.

  124. Gupta, S, Campbell, D, Derijard, B, Davis, RJ. Transcription factor ATF2 regulation by the JNK signal transduction pathway. Science, vol.267, no.5196, 389-393.

  125. Tobiume, Kei, Matsuzawa, Atsushi, Takahashi, Takumi, Nishitoh, Hideki, Morita, Kei‐ichi, Takeda, Kohsuke, Minowa, Osamu, Miyazono, Kohei, Noda, Tetsuo, Ichijo, Hidenori. ASK1 is required for sustained activations of JNK/p38 MAP kinases and apoptosis. EMBO reports, vol.2, no.3, 222-228.

  126. Shaulian, Eitan, Karin, Michael. AP-1 in cell proliferation and survival. Oncogene, vol.20, no.19, 2390-2400.

  127. Brown, Jennifer R., Nigh, Elizabeth, Lee, Richard J., Ye, Hong, Thompson, Margaret A., Saudou, Frederic, Pestell, Richard G., Greenberg, Michael E.. Fos Family Members Induce Cell Cycle Entry by Activating Cyclin D1. Molecular and cellular biology, vol.18, no.9, 5609-5619.

  128. Bakiri, L, Lallemand, D, Bossy-Wetzel, E, Yaniv, M. Cell cycle-dependent variations in c-Jun and JunB phosphorylation: a role in the control of cyclin D1 expression.. The EMBO journal, vol.19, no.9, 2056-2068.

  129. Passegu?, E, Wagner, E F. JunB suppresses cell proliferation by transcriptional activation of p16(INK4a) expression.. The EMBO journal, vol.19, no.12, 2969-2979.

  130. Cancer Res. Amstad PA 3952 52 1992 

  131. Cancer Res. Hollander MC 1687 49 1989 

  132. Zawaski, K., Gruebele, A., Kaplan, D., Reddy, S., Mortensen, A., Novak, R.F.. Evidence for Enhanced Expression of c-fos, c-jun, and the Ca2+-Activated Neutral Protease in Rat Liver Following Carbon Tetrachloride Administration. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, vol.197, no.2, 585-590.

  133. Pinkus, R, Bergelson, S, Daniel, V. Phenobarbital induction of AP-1 binding activity mediates activation of glutathione S-transferase and quinone reductase gene expression. The Biochemical journal, vol.290, no.3, 637-640.

  134. Datta, Rakesh, Hallahan, Dennis E., Kharbanda, Surender M., Rubin, Eric, Sherman, Matthew L., Huberman, Eliezer, Weichselbaum, Ralph R., Kufe, Donald W.. Involvement of reactive oxygen intermediates in the induction of c-jun gene transcription by ionizing radiation. Biochemistry, vol.31, no.35, 8300-8306.

  135. Schütte, J, Minna, J D, Birrer, M J. Deregulated expression of human c-jun transforms primary rat embryo cells in cooperation with an activated c-Ha-ras gene and transforms rat-1a cells as a single gene.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.86, no.7, 2257-2261.

  136. Aggarwal BB, Vileck J. 1992. Tumor necrosis factor: structure, function and mechanism of action. New York: Marcel Dekker 

  137. Chen, F., Castranova, V., Shi, X.. New Insights into the Role of Nuclear Factor-κB in Cell Growth Regulation. The American journal of pathology, vol.159, no.2, 387-397.

  138. Baeuerle, P.A., Lenardo, M., Pierce, J.W., Baltimore, D.. Phorbol-ester-induced Activation of the NF- B Transcription Factor Involves Dissociation of an Apparently Cytoplasmic NF- B/Inhibitor Complex. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology : [proceedings], vol.53, 789-798.

  139. Pahl, Heike L. Activators and target genes of Rel/NF-κB transcription factors. Oncogene, vol.18, no.49, 6853-6866.

  140. Pineda-Molina, E., Klatt, P., Vazquez, J., Marina, A., Garcia de Lacoba, M., Perez-Sala, D., Lamas, S.. Glutathionylation of the p50 Subunit of NF-&kgr;B: a Mechanism for Redox-Induced Inhibition of DNA Binding. Biochemistry, vol.40, no.47, 14134-14142.

  141. 10.1042/0264-6021:3510087 

  142. Baldwin, Albert S.. THE NF-kappaB AND IkappaB PROTEINS: New Discoveries and Insights. Annual review of immunology, vol.14, 649-681.

  143. Li, Nanxin, Karin, Michael. Ionizing radiation and short wavelength UV activate NF-κB through two distinct mechanisms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.95, no.22, 13012-13017.

  144. Rath, Pramod C., Aggarwal, Bharat B.. Antiproliferative Effects of IFN-αCorrelate with the Downregulation of Nuclear Factor-κB in Human Burkitt Lymphoma Daudi Cells. Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research, vol.21, no.7, 523-528.

  145. Bours, V., Dejardin, E., Goujon-Letawe, F., Merville, M.-P., Castronovo, V.. The NF-κB transcription factor and cancer: high expression of NF-κB- and IκB-related proteins in tumor cell lines. Biochemical pharmacology, vol.47, no.1, 145-149.

  146. Schulze‐Osthoff, Klaus, Ferrari, Davide, Los, Marek, Wesselborg, Sebastian, Peter, Marcus E.. Apoptosis signaling by death receptors. European journal of biochemistry, vol.254, no.3, 439-459.

  147. Giri, Dipak K., Aggarwal, Bharat B.. Constitutive Activation of NF-κB Causes Resistance to Apoptosis in Human Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma HuT-78 Cells. The Journal of biological chemistry, vol.273, no.22, 14008-14014.

  148. Sullivan, D. M., Wehr, N. B., Fergusson, M. M., Levine, R. L., Finkel, T.. Identification of Oxidant-Sensitive Proteins: TNF-&agr; Induces Protein Glutathiolation. Biochemistry, vol.39, no.36, 11121-11128.

  149. Adler, Victor, Yin, Zhimin, Tew, Kenneth D, Ronai, Ze'ev. Role of redox potential and reactive oxygen species in stress signaling. Oncogene, vol.18, no.45, 6104-6111.

  150. Nebreda, Angel R, Porras, Almudena. p38 MAP kinases: beyond the stress response. Trends in biochemical sciences, vol.25, no.6, 257-260.

  151. Nomura, M, Ma, W, Chen, N, Bode, A M, Dong, Z. Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced NF-kappaB activation by tea polyphenols, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and theaflavins.. Carcinogenesis, vol.21, no.10, 1885-1890.

  152. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. Schulze-Osthoff K 336 67 1997 

  153. Schreck, R., Rieber, P., Baeuerle, P.A.. Reactive oxygen intermediates as apparently widely used messengers in the activation of the NF-kappa B transcription factor and HIV-1.. The EMBO journal, vol.10, no.8, 2247-2258.

  154. Schmidt, Kerstin N., Amstad, Paul, Cerutti, Peter, Baeuerle, Patrick A.. The roles of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide as messengers in the activation of transcription factor NF-κB. Chemistry & biology, vol.2, no.1, 13-22.

  155. HOLLIDAY, ROBIN. MECHANISMS FOR THE CONTROL OF GENE ACTIVITY DURING DEVELOPMENT. Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol.65, no.4, 431-471.

  156. Samiec, P S, Goodman, J I. Evaluation of methylated DNA binding protein-1 in mouse liver.. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, vol.49, no.2, 255-262.

  157. Hergersberg, M.. Biological aspects of cytosine methylation in eukaryotic cells. Experientia, vol.47, no.11, 1171-1185.

  158. Counts, Jennifer L., Goodman, Jay I.. Alterations in DNA methylation may play a variety of roles in carcinogenesis. Cell, vol.83, no.1, 13-15.

  159. Baylin, Stephen B.. Tying It All Together: Epigenetics, Genetics, Cell Cycle, and Cancer. Science, vol.277, no.5334, 1948-1949.

  160. Jones, Peter A, Laird, Peter W. Cancer-epigenetics comes of age. Nature genetics, vol.21, no.2, 163-167.

  161. Greger, Valerie, Debus, Nils, Lohmann, Dietmar, H�pping, Wolfgang, Passarge, Eberhard, Horsthemke, Bernhard. Frequency and parental origin of hypermethylated RB1 alleles in retinoblastoma. Human genetics, vol.94, no.5,

  162. Cancer Res. Salem C 2473 60 2000 

  163. Cancer Res. Stirzaker C 2229 57 1997 

  164. Cancer Res. Myöhänen SK 591 58 1998 

  165. Cancer Res. Esteller M 2816 61 2001 

  166. Belinsky, Steven A., Nikula, Kristen J., Palmisano, William A., Michels, Ruth, Saccomanno, Geno, Gabrielson, Edward, Baylin, Stephen B., Herman, James G.. Aberrant methylation of p16INK4a is an early event in lung cancer and a potential biomarker for early diagnosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.95, no.20, 11891-11896.

  167. Sebti, Sa�d, Boulajaaj, Sa�d, Bazoui, Halima, Zahouily, Mohamed, Zakarya, Driss. Structure?cytotoxicity relationships for a series of HEPT derivatives. Journal of molecular modeling, vol.8, no.1, 1-7.

  168. Goelz, SE, Vogelstein, B, Hamilton, Feinberg, AP. Hypomethylation of DNA from benign and malignant human colon neoplasms. Science, vol.228, no.4696, 187-190.

  169. Vorce, Roseann L., Goodman, Jay I.. Altered methylation of ras oncogenes in benzidine-induced B6C3F1 mouse liver tumors. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, vol.100, no.3, 398-410.

  170. Gama-Sosa, M A, Slagel, V A, Trewyn, R W, Oxenhandler, R, Kuo, K C, Gehrke, C W, Ehrlich, M. The 5-methylcytosine content of DNA from human tumors.. Nucleic acids research, vol.11, no.19, 6883-6894.

  171. Cancer Res. Abanobi SE 412 42 1982 

  172. Cancer Res. Wainfan E S2071 52 1992 

  173. Newberne, Paul M., Camargo, Joao Lauro V. de, Clark, Anthony J.. Choline Deficiency, Partial Hepatectomy, and Liver Tumors in Rats and Mice. Toxicologic pathology, vol.10, no.2, 95-106.

  174. Cancer Res. Pascale RM 4979 52 1992 

  175. Simile, M M, Saviozzi, M, De Miglio, M R, Muroni, M R, Nufris, A, Pascale, R M, Malvaldi, G, Feo, F. Persistent chemopreventive effect of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on the development of liver putative preneoplastic lesions induced by thiobenzamide in diethylnitrosamine-initiated rats.. Carcinogenesis, vol.17, no.7, 1533-1537.

  176. Weitzman, S A, Turk, P W, Milkowski, D H, Kozlowski, K. Free radical adducts induce alterations in DNAcytosine methylation.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.91, no.4, 1261-1264.

  177. Turk, P W, Laayoun, A, Smith, S S, Weitzman, S A. DNA adduct 8-hydroxyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-hydroxyguanine) affects function of human DNA methyltransferase.. Carcinogenesis, vol.16, no.5, 1253-1255.

  178. Loewenstein, W.R.. The cell-to-cell channel of gap junctions. Cell, vol.48, no.5, 725-726.

  179. Trosko, James E. Cell-cell communication in carcinogenesis. Frontiers in bioscience, vol.3, no.4, d208-236.

  180. Histol. Histopathol. Krutovskikh V 761 12 1997 

  181. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. Klaunig JE 165 340 1990 

  182. Lab. Invest. Klaunig JE 135 62 1990 

  183. Klaunig, J.E., Ruch, R.J.. Strain and species effects on the inhibition of hepatocyte intercellular communication by liver tumor promoters. Cancer letters, vol.36, no.2, 161-168.

  184. Ruch, R.J., Klaunig, J.E.. Antioxidant prevention of tumor promoter induced inhibition of mouse hepatocyte intercellular communication. Cancer letters, vol.33, no.2, 137-150.

  185. Cerutti, Peter, Ghosh, Rita, Oya, Yukiko, Amstad, Paul. The Role of the Cellular Antioxidant Defense in Oxidant Carcinogenesis. Environmental health perspectives : EHP, vol.102, 123-.

  186. Upham, B L, Kang, K S, Cho, H Y, Trosko, J E. Hydrogen peroxide inhibits gap junctional intercellular communication in glutathione sufficient but not glutathione deficient cells.. Carcinogenesis, vol.18, no.1, 37-42.

  187. Cancer Res. Neveu MJ 3145 54 1994 

관련 콘텐츠

원문 URL 링크

*원문 PDF 파일 및 링크정보가 존재하지 않을 경우 KISTI DDS 시스템에서 제공하는 원문복사서비스를 사용할 수 있습니다.

저작권 관리 안내
섹션별 컨텐츠 바로가기

AI-Helper ※ AI-Helper는 오픈소스 모델을 사용합니다.

AI-Helper 아이콘
AI-Helper
안녕하세요, AI-Helper입니다. 좌측 "선택된 텍스트"에서 텍스트를 선택하여 요약, 번역, 용어설명을 실행하세요.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.

선택된 텍스트

맨위로